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Resumen: Los métodos de extracción de fitoquímicos convencionales presentan bajos rendimientos o largos tiempos de proceso. El ultrasonido ofrece alternativas para incrementar el rendimiento en extractos vegetales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres métodos de extracción en rendimiento, composición de compuestos fenólicos, actividad antioxidante y estabilidad de extractos de hojas de Plectranthus amboinicus (oreganón). Los métodos de extracción usados fueron: convencional con agitación (EC), asistida con baño de ultrasonidos (EABU) y asistida con sonda de ultrasonido (EASU). Se usó una proporción 1:10 (p/v) orégano:etanol a 35 ± 2 °C. Los rendimientos se calcularon como materia seca del extracto (% ms). Se usó un modelo de pseudo-segundo orden para ajustar las curvas de extracción experimentales de los tres métodos y obtener los parámetros cinéticos. Se determinaron compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT) y actividad antioxidante (AA) mediante los métodos de Folin-Ciocalteau y DPPH, respectivamente. Se evalúo la estabilidad del CFT y AA durante el almacenamiento. La EASU aumentó 33.93 % el rendimiento en los extractos con respecto a EC. La mayor concentración de CFT (P ≤ 0.05) se obtuvo mediante EABU (10.32 mg EAG/ms) y para AA mediante EC (19.43 mg ET/g ms). El modelo cinético de pseudo-segundo orden ajustó adecuadamente las cinéticas experimentales. La constante de velocidad (k) de CFT más alta fue de 0.016 g ms/mg EAG·min para la EASU, siendo esta técnica la que demostró una disminución significativa de AA con respecto al tiempo de extracción. Los CFT de los extractos obtenidos mediante EABU, EASU y EC (3.7 mg EAG/g ms, 4.4 mg EAG/g ms y 7.2 mg EAG/g ms, respectivamente), al igual que la AA se mantuvieron estables y sin cambios significativos (P ≥ 0.05) durante los 34 d de almacenamiento, mostrando nuevamente la ventaja de utilizar la técnica extractiva de ultrasonidos, en función del tiempo.
Abstract: Conventional phytochemicals extraction methods have shown low yields or very long processing times for obtaining. The ultrasound offers alternatives to increase the yields of plant extracts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three extraction methods on the yield, phenolic compound composition, antioxidant activity and stability of Plectranthus amboinicus (oregano) leaf extracts. The extraction methods used were: conventional heat-assisted extraction (CE), ultrasound water bath assisted (UBAE) and ultrasound probe assisted extraction (UPAE). A 1:10 (w/v) oregano:ethanol ratio was used at 35 ± 2 °C. Yields were calculated as extract dry matter (% ms). A pseudo-second-order model was used to fit the experimental extraction curves of the three methods and obtain the kinetic parameters. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined by Folin-Ciocal-teau and DPPH methods, respectively. The stability of TPC and AA was evaluated during storage. UPAE increased 33.93 % yield in extracts concerning CE. The highest concentration of CFT (P ≤ 0.05) was obtained by UBAE (10.32 mg EAG/ms) and for AA by CE (19.43 mg ET/g ms). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately fitted the experimental kinetics. The highest TPC rate constant (k) was 0.016 g ms/mg EAG·min, for UPAE, this technique being the one that demonstrated a significant decrease in AA with respect to extraction time. The TPC of the extracts obtained by UBAE, UPAE and CE (3.7 mg EAG/g dms, 4.4 mg EAG/g dms and 7.2 mg EAG/g ms, respectively), as well as the AA remained stable and without significant changes (P ≥ 0.05) during the 34 d of storage, again showing the advantage of using the ultrasound extractive technique, as a function of time.
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A elevada produção global de Mangifera indica gera uma considerável quantidade de resíduos, como cascas e sementes que são frequentemente descartados. O aproveitamento desses subprodutos promove uma abordagem mais sustentável, reduzindo impactos ambientais e abrindo novas perspectivas na área fitocosmética. A casca apresenta metabólitos secundários conhecidos principalmente por suas propriedades antioxidantes, destacando-se os compostos fenólicos. Esses antioxidantes são capazes de retardar a velocidade de oxidação promovida por radicais livres formados por fatores externos ou fisiopatológicos. Assim, antioxidantes naturais extraídos a partir de espécie vegetal estão sendo cada vez mais estudados para aplicação na indústria cosmética e farmacêutica. O potencial fitocosmético do extrato glicólico da casca de M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins em três bases galênicas (gel de Carbopol®, gel-creme e gel de Estagel®) foi avaliado por meio dos ensaios de atividade antioxidante, pelo método do radical DPPH, e estudos de estabilidade. As formulações com o extrato apresentaram-se estáveis e compatíveis para o uso tópico, pois não foram verificados sinais de instabilidade como alteração das características organolépticas e do pH. Em relação à atividade antioxidante, formulações com o extrato apresentaram potencial antioxidante, porém a formulação com Carbopol® e gel-creme apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação ao Estagel®. Após 30 dias de estabilidade preliminar em diferentes condições de temperatura (40,0 ± 2<0°C, 20,0 ± 5,0°C, 5,0 ± 2,0°C) houve redução de atividade antioxidante somente no gel de Carbopol® armazenado sob elevada temperatura, indicando a melhor forma de armazenamento. Diante disso, os resultados sugerem a promissora incorporação de M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins em bases cosméticas.
The high global production of Mangifera indica generates a considerable amount of waste, such as peels and seeds that are often discarded. The use of these by-products promotes a more sustainable approach, reducing environmental impacts and opening new perspectives in the phytocosmetics area. The peel presents secondary metabolites known mainly for their antioxidant properties, highlighting phenolic compounds. These antioxidants are capable of slowing down the rate of oxidation promoted by free radicals formed by external or pathophysiological factors. Thus, natural antioxidants extracted from plant species are increasingly being studied for application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The phytocosmetic potential of the glycolic extract from the peel of M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins in three galenic bases (Carbopol® gel, cream gel and Estagel® gel) was evaluated through antioxidant activity tests, the DPPH radical scavenging method, and stability studies. The formulations with the extract were stable and compatible for topical use, as there were no signs of instability such as changes in organoleptic characteristics and pH. Regarding antioxidant activity, formulations with the extract showed antioxidant potential, however the formulation with Carbopol® and gel-cream showed better performance compared to Estagel®. After 30 days of preliminary stability in different temperature conditions (40.0 ± 2<0°C, 20.0 ± 5.0°C, 5.0 ± 2.0°C) there was a reduction in antioxidant activity only in the gel of Carbopol® stored at high temperature, indicating the best form of storage. Therefore, the results suggest the promising incorporation of M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins in cosmetic foundations.
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Los compuestos fenólicos poseen propiedades bioactivas de interés en la Medicina. Investigaciones actuales se enfocan en la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de este tipo de compuestos. Varios estudios se han propuesto recuperar, caracterizar e identificar compuestos fenólicos a partir de residuos agroindustriales buscando en ellos diversas actividades biológicas. La presente investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de describir el uso potencial de residuos agroindustriales como una fuente de compuestos fenólicos con actividad biológica y su uso en la Medicina. Los residuos agroindustriales poseen un elevado potencial como novedosa fuente de compuestos fenólicos con actividad biológica, empleables en la farmacéutica, industria alimentaria y cosmética. Entre sus aplicaciones se encuentran las de antioxidante, antiinflamatorio, antimicrobiano y la actividad antiproliferativa. Varios de los residuos agroindustriales provienen de productos cultivables en Ecuador, de ahí que constituya una oportunidad a explotar en la industria nacional. Los estudios en Ecuador sobre el aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales se enfocan en la obtención de biocombustibles, bioplásticos y productos de alimentación animal, por lo que la búsqueda de compuestos bioactivos a partir de nuevas fuentes aún es un campo incipiente.
Phenolic compounds have bioactive properties of interest in Medicine. Current research focuses on the search for new sources of this type of compounds. Several studies have proposed recovering, characterizing and identifying phenolic compounds from agroindustrial waste, searching for various biological activities in them. The present research was developed with the objective of describing the potential use of agroindustrial waste as a source of phenolic compounds with biological activity and their use in Medicine. Agroindustrial waste has a high potential as a novel source of phenolic compounds with biological activity, which can be used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Among its applications are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity. Several of the agroindustrial waste come from cultivable products in Ecuador, hence it constitutes an opportunity to be exploited in the national industry. Studies in Ecuador on the use of agroindustrial waste focus on obtaining biofuels, bioplastics and animal feed products, so the search for bioactive compounds from new sources is still an incipient field.
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Background: The edible green algae Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Caulerpaceae), also known as "sea grape", is an excellent source of phenolic compounds known for their activity to reduce free radicals. Objectives: The research aims to evaluate the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of C. racemosa (70% ethanol extracts) obtained from different extraction methods, such as maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasound. Methods: Total phenolics of the extracts were determined by the colorimetry method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Total phenol content was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g extract. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was used to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Results: the ethanol extract of C. racemosa obtained from the ultrasonic methods had the highest phenolic content (39.38 mg GAE/g) compared to other extraction methods (Soxhlet was 36.88 mg GAE/g and maceration was 22.05 mg GAE/g). The IC50 value against DPPH of the C. racemosa ethanol extracts using ultrasonic, Soxhlet, and maceration was 352.95, 365.73, and 375.84 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: the variation of the extraction methods affected the total phenolics content of C. racemosa ethanol extracts and their antioxidant activity. We reported here the potential of C. racemosa extracts as an antioxidant raw material from marine plants for medicinal, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and food products; however, more research is needed.
Antecedentes: El alga verde comestible Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Caulerpaceae), también conocida como "uva de mar", es una excelente fuente de compuestos fenólicos conocidos por su actividad para reducir los radicales libres. Objetivos: La investigación pretende evaluar el contenido fenólico total y la actividad antioxidante de C. racemosa (extractos de etanol al 70%) obtenidos a partir de diferentes métodos de extracción, como maceración, Soxhlet y ultrasonido. Métodos: Los fenoles totales de los extractos se determinaron por el método colorimétrico utilizando el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu. El contenido total de fenoles se expresó como mg de ácido gálico equivalente (GAE) por g de extracto. Para evaluar la actividad antioxidante de los extractos se utilizó el radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Resultados: el extracto etanólico de C. racemosa obtenido por ultrasonido presentó el mayor contenido fenólico (39,38 mg GAE/g) en comparación con otros métodos de extracción (Soxhlet fue de 36,88 mg GAE/g y maceración fue de 22,05 mg GAE/g). El valor IC50 frente a DPPH de los extractos etanólicos de C. racemosa mediante ultrasonido, Soxhlet y maceración fue de 352,95, 365,73 y 375,84 µg/mL, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la variación de los métodos de extracción afectó al contenido total de fenoles de los extractos etanólicos de C. racemosa y a su actividad antioxidante. Aquí reportamos el potencial de los extractos de C. racemosa como materia prima antioxidante a partir de plantas marinas para productos medicinales, nutracéuticos, cosméticos y alimenticios; sin embargo, se necesita más investigación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Phenolic Compounds , Plant Extracts , Caulerpa , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
This investigation was performed with the purpose of researching the influence of pizza containing dried golden berry fruits (DGBF) at different doses against carbon tetrachloride - induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study shows phenols content of golden berry. 25 male rats were used in the biological investigation. Rats were divided into five groups (5 rats in group) the investigation was 12 weeks. The first group (negative group) was given a basal diet and the second group (G2, G3, G4, and G5) was injected intramuscularly with carbon tetrachloride 2 ml/kg BW (50% v/v in liquid paraffin) weekly to induce hepatotoxicity. After the injury, group G3, G4 and G5 fed on 50% basal diet supplemented with 50%pizza containing 5, 10 and 15% DGBF. Findings indicate that DGBF had a high antioxidant activity, total phenol, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and carotenoids content. Rats fed 50% pizza containing (5,10 and 15%) DGBF had a lower serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatinine, GOT, GPT, MDA and SOD compared to rats fed simply the basal diet (positive control). The DGBF was added to the pizza with different proportions, and its sensory properties were evaluated, and all proportions were proper to the panelists, compared to the control. The findings of this work suggest that golden berries could be used to treat and prevent hepatotoxicity patients.
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BACKGROUND@#Type 2 diabetes mellitus, or T2DM, is one of the world's most chronic health problems that is linked to numerous deaths and high health care expenses. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase sirtuin-6 (SIRT6) were among the novel proteins and focus targets of diabetes research. Annona muricata is a commonly used natural remedy for several illnesses, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, most of these traditional claims have received few molecular evaluations.@*OBJECTIVES@#This investigated the phytoconstituents and derivatives of the leaves of A. muricata by evaluating their binding profiles towards selected novel T2DM-related protein targets through in silico methods.@*METHODOLOGY@#This study screened the potential lead compounds from the leaves of A. muricata by evaluating the binding energies of the parent compounds and derivatives with the targets compared to the native ligands and known substrates through molecular docking simulations. Additionally, pharmacokinetic, physicochemical properties, and binding interactions were also assessed using several software programs and online databases.@*RESULTS@#Out of the 8 selected parent compounds of Annona muricata, a total of 672 derivatives were designed, tested, and compared against the controls for at least one of the three protein targets. Among these, 280 derivatives exhibited more negative binding energies than controls in each protein target.@*CONCLUSION@#The designed derivatives can be synthesized and further investigated for potential biological effects towards 11β-HSD1, PTP1B, and SIRT6 through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , AlkaloidsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment.@*RESULTS@#Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.
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We investigated the effects of the juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) pulp and lyophilized extract on the expression of cytoprotective genes nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (NRF2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2). Cells were cultured for 24 h in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium containing juçara fruit pulp (5, 10, or 50 mg/mL) or lyophilized extract (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/mL), and gene expression was quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. All studied genes showed significant variation in gene expression among different concentrations of pulp or lyophilized extract. Overall, the expression of the selected genes decreased in both cell lines following exposure to the pulp or lyophilized extract in a dose-dependent manner for most of the concentrations studied. In summary, our study showed that the compounds in juçara fruit inhibited the expression of cytoprotective genes associated with the antioxidant response and that, although not cytotoxic at the concentrations studied, they could potentially block the activation of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway.
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O azeite de oliva é amplamente consumido devido às suas propriedades benéficas para a saúde e características sensoriais únicas. A composição química abundante em ácido graxo monoinsaturado, associada ao perfil de compostos fenólicos com importante efeito antioxidante, confere ao azeite de oliva alta estabilidade ao aquecimento. Embora existam muitas evidências sobre a estabilidade térmica do azeite, ainda existem muitas dúvidas, por parte da população, sobre o uso em técnicas culinárias que envolvam calor. O objetivo desse trabalho foi compilar evidências científicas a respeito da influência de técnicas culinárias sobre a estabilidade térmica do azeite de oliva, com vistas a elaborar material informativo, com linguagem adaptada à população em geral, sobre sua utilização na culinária, especialmente em preparações quentes. É de amplo conhecimento na literatura que o azeite de oliva é bastante resistente à cocção, no entanto, temperaturas elevadas, como as empregadas na fritura por imersão, podem levar a diminuição do teor de compostos fenólicos, a depender da quantidade e tipos de fenólicos presentes no azeite. Estudos no contexto da gastronomia molecular também relatam, além da estabilidade térmica, os benefícios da utilização do azeite de oliva na culinária devido às interações químicas entre os compostos do azeite e os compostos do alimento fazendo com que ambos (óleo e alimentos) se beneficiem dos efeitos protetivos desses compostos. Considerando que ainda é muito comum o uso do azeite de oliva apenas para temperar saladas e finalizar pratos, o infográfico elaborado no presente trabalho pode contribuir para apresentar o conteúdo científico sobre o uso do azeite em preparações culinárias quentes de forma simplificada e de fácil compreensão.
Olive oil is widely consumed due to its beneficial health properties and unique sensory characteristics. The chemical composition abundant in monounsaturated fatty acids, associated with a profile of phenolic compounds with important antioxidant effects, gives olive oil high heat stability. Although there is much evidence about the thermal stability of olive oil, there are still many doubts among the population about its use in cooking techniques that involve heat. The objective of this work was to compile scientific evidence about the influence of cooking techniques on the thermal stability of olive oil, in order to elaborate informative material, with language adapted to the general population, about its use in cooking, especially in hot preparations. It is widely known in the literature that olive oil is very resistant to cooking, however, high temperatures, such as those used in deep frying, can lead to a decrease in the content of phenolic compounds, depending on the amount and types of phenolics present in the oil. Studies in the context of molecular gastronomy also report, besides thermal stability, the benefits of using olive oil in cooking due to chemical interactions between the compounds of olive oil and food compounds, so that both (oil and food) benefit from the protective effects of these compounds. Considering that it is still very common to use olive oil only to season salads and finish dishes, the infographic prepared in this work can contribute to present the scientific content about the use of olive oil in hot culinary preparations in a simplified and easy to understand way.
El aceite de oliva es ampliamente consumido por sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud y sus características sensoriales únicas. La composición química abundante en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados, asociada al perfil de compuestos fenólicos con importante efecto antioxidante, confiere al aceite de oliva una gran estabilidad al calentamiento. Aunque hay muchas evidencias sobre la estabilidad térmica del aceite de oliva, todavía existen muchas dudas entre la población sobre su uso en técnicas culinarias que implican calor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue recopilar evidencias científicas sobre la influencia de las técnicas culinarias en la estabilidad térmica del aceite de oliva, con el fin de elaborar material divulgativo, con lenguaje adaptado a la población general, sobre su uso en cocina, especialmente en preparaciones calientes. Es ampliamente conocido en la literatura que el aceite de oliva es bastante resistente a la cocción, sin embargo, las altas temperaturas, como las empleadas en la fritura por inmersión, pueden llevar a disminuir el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, dependiendo de la cantidad y tipos de fenólicos presentes en el aceite. Los estudios en el contexto de la gastronomía molecular también informan, además de la estabilidad térmica, de los beneficios del uso del aceite de oliva en la cocina debido a las interacciones químicas entre los compuestos del aceite de oliva y los compuestos de los alimentos, de forma que ambos (aceite y alimento) se benefician de los efectos protectores de estos compuestos. Teniendo en cuenta que todavía es muy común el uso del aceite de oliva sólo para aliñar ensaladas y terminar platos, la infografía elaborada en este trabajo puede contribuir a presentar de forma simplificada y fácil de entender el contenido científico sobre el uso del aceite de oliva en preparaciones culinarias calientes.
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RESUMO Introdução: Os compostos fenólicos, devido a sua estrutura química, possuem a capacidade de absorver a energia ultravioleta e reduzir a formação de radicais livres. Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade fotoprotetora e antioxidante de compostos fenólicos a partir da observação de resultados in vitro e verificar a importância do uso de modelos biológicos nessa perspectiva. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de artigos publicados, na base de dados Pubmed, entre 2010 e 2020, que atendessem aos objetivos deste trabalho, 44 artigos foram selecionados. Resultados: Os métodos instrumentais utilizados para avaliação da atividade fotoprotetora apresentaram boa correlação in vivo e mostram-se rápidos e eficazes na determinação do fator de proteção solar. Além desses, têm-se aplicado métodos biológicos para a avaliação de aspectos que não são mensurados por métodos físico-químicos, relacionado aos danos ao DNA, decorrentes da exposição solar. Para a avaliação da atividade antioxidante, o método do radical DPPH foi empregado em 92,6 % dos estudos analisados e foi observado que os antioxidantes podem incrementar a proteção solar e, ainda, auxiliar na estabilidade de filtros solares sintéticos. Conclusão: Os compostos fenólicos, especialmente aqueles com propriedades antioxidantes, podem ser utilizados como agentes fotoprotetores em formulações tópicas para reduzir os danos à pele induzidos pela radiação UV.
SUMMARY Introduction: Phenolic compounds, due to their chemical structure, can absorb ultraviolet energy and reduce the formation of free radicals. Aim: To evaluate the photoprotective and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from the observation of in vitro results and to verify the importance of the use of biological models in this perspective. Methodology: A search for articles published in the Pubmed database was carried out between 2010 and 2020, which met the objectives of this work, 44 articles were selected. Results: According to the literature, the instrumental methods used to assess independent photoprotective activity, good correlation in vivo, and demonstrating rapid and effective determination of the sun protection factor. In addition to these, biological methods have been provided for the evaluation of aspects not measured by physical-chemical methods, related to DNA damage, resulting from sun exposure. For the evaluation of antioxidant activity, the DPPH radical method was registered in 92.6 % of published studies and it was observed that antioxidants can increase sun protection and also help in the stability of synthetic sunscreens. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds, especially with antioxidant properties, can be used as photoprotective agents in topical formulations to reduce skin damage induced by UV radiation.
RESUMEN Introducción: Los compuestos fenólicos, por su estructura química, tienen la capacidad de absorber la energía ultravioleta y reducir la formación de radicales libres. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad fotoprotectora y antioxidante de compuestos fenólicos a partir de la observación de resultados in vitro y comprobar la importancia del uso de modelos biológicos en esta perspectiva. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados en la base de datos Pubmed entre 2010 y 2020, que cumplieron con los objetivos de este trabajo, se seleccionaron 44 artículos. Resultados: Los métodos instrumentales utilizados para evaluar la actividad fotoprotectora mostraron una buena correlación in vivo y demostraron ser rápidos y eficientes en la determinación del factor de protección solar. Además de estos, se aplicaron métodos biológicos para evaluar aspectos no medidos por métodos físico-químicos, relacionados con el daño en el ADN por exposición solar. Para la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante se utilizó el método radical DPPH en el 92,6% de los estudios analizados y se observó que los antioxidantes pueden aumentar la protección solar y también ayudar en la estabilidad de los protectores solares sintéticos. Conclusión: Los compuestos fenólicos, especialmente aquellos con propiedades antioxidantes, pueden utilizarse como agentes fotoprotectores en formulaciones tópicas para reducir el daño cutáneo inducido por la radiación UV.
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Aims: In this study, chemical constituents and biological activities of the Annona muricata L. fruit peels were evaluated using methanol extract (MEAM) and hexane (HFAM), dichloromethane (DFAM), ethyl acetate (EFAM), and butanol (BFAM) fractions. Place and Duration of Study: All the experiments were done in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36026-900, Brazil, between January 2012 and July 2016. Methodology: Phytochemical screening (specific chemical reactions), total phenolic and flavonoid contents (Spectrophotometric methods) and chemical compounds were assessed (High performance liquid chromatography analysis). The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), beta-carotene, and thiobarbituric acid assays. The inhibitory effect against digestive enzymes (lipase, ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase) was measured by spectrophotometric assays and and toxicity by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes and steroids, saponins, and alkaloids were detected. EFAM had the highest values of total phenolic and flavonoids, while a similar compound to annonacin was found in MEAM by HPLC. EFAM was also more active in DPPH and FRAP assays, and HFAM was effective in inhibiting the linoleic acid oxidation and the malondialdehyde. MEAM and fractions blocked lipase, ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase, while HFAM and DFAM were toxic against Artemia salina. Conclusion: The results showed that the A. muricata fruit peels have important biological effects, which can bring great benefits to human and animal health.
ABSTRACT
Yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) produces several secondary metabolites of interest to the phar maceutical industry, such as chlorogenic acids and methylxanthines. These compounds have been produced in vitro by callus culture from different species. However, for I. paraguariensis , no studies upon the production of these compounds in vitro have been p erformed to date. In this work, we show that the concentration of secondary metabolites from I. paraguariensis callus is possible and highly dependent on the callus growth phase. We observed that the best phase for the production of secondary compounds in calli of yerba mate is the stationary growth phase on both genotypes tested. In this phase, higher levels of phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and 3,5 - dicaffeoylquinic acid and greater antioxidant activity were observed. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5 - dicaffe oylquinic acid presented positive correlation with antioxidant activity. For the first time, secondary compounds were reported in yerba mate calli cultivated in vitro .
La yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) produce varios metabolitos secundarios de interés para la industria farmacéutica, como los ácidos clorogénicos y las metilxantinas. Estos compuestos se han producido in vitro mediante cultivo de ca llos de diferentes especies. Sin embargo, para I. paraguariensis , hasta la fecha no se han realizado estudios sobre la producción de estos compuestos in vitro . En este trabajo, mostramos que la concentración de metabolitos secundarios desde callos de I. pa raguariensis es posible y altamente dependiente de la fase de crecimiento del callo. Observamos que la mejor fase para la producción de compuestos secundarios en callos de yerba mate es la fase de crecimiento estacionario en ambos genotipos probados. En es ta fase se observaron niveles más altos de compuestos fenólicos, ácido clorogénico y ácido 3,5 - dicafeoilquínico y una mayor actividad antioxidante. El ácido clorogénico y el ácido 3,5 - dicafeoilquínico presentaron correlación positiva con la actividad antio xidante. Por primera vez, se reportaron compuestos secundarios en callos de yerba mate cultivados in vitro .
Subject(s)
Ilex paraguariensis/growth & development , Ilex paraguariensis/chemistry , Phenolic Compounds , Antioxidants/analysis , Xanthines/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
El arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) posee un alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos los cuales han sido estudiados principalmente por su actividad antioxidante, antiobesogénica, antiinflamatoria, entre otras. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la digestión gastrointestinal in vitro sobre la bioaccesibilidad de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de una formulación nutracéutica de arándano (cápsula), comparado con arándano fresco y polvo. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron extractos metanólicos de muestras de arándano fresco y liofilizado y se determinó su contenido de fenoles, flavonoides y antocianinas totales, así como también actividad antioxidante. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de simulación de digestión gastrointestinal para evaluar la bioaccesibilidad de los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las muestras. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que la digestión gástrica de arándano en polvo y en cápsula promovió una mayor bioaccesibilidad de fenoles (42% y 40%), flavonoides (52% y 33%) y antocianinas (45% y 40%) comparado con digestos de arándano fresco. Posterior a la digestión intestinal, la bioaccesibilidad de fenoles (63%) y flavonoides (67%) fue mayor en la cápsula de arándano comparada con su contraparte arándano en polvo. Las condiciones de digestión intestinal afectaron negativamente la bioaccesibilidad de las antocianinas independientemente del tipo de muestra evaluada. Conclusión. Las condiciones de digestión gástrica promueven una mayor estabilidad de los compuestos fenólicos en arándano en polvo y en cápsula lo que pudiera ser relevante para el mantenimiento de un ambiente antioxidante a este nivel. Las condiciones de digestión intestinal afectaron de manera particular a los compuestos fenólicos de arándano fresco y polvo, pero no a la cápsula, lo que puede sugerir que el encapsulamiento protegió de las condiciones alcalinas a los fenoles presentes. Se sugieren estudios posteriores sobre absorción in vitro de los componentes remanentes en intestino y sus posibles efectos sobre biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en modelos in vivo(AU)
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has a high content of phenolic compounds which have been studied mainly for their antioxidant, antiobesogenic, anti-inflammatory activity, among others. Objetive. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of a nutraceutical formulation of blueberry (capsule), compared to fresh and powder blueberry. Materials and methods. Methanolic extracts of fresh and lyophilized blueberry were obtained and determined its total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins content, as well as antioxidant activity. A gastrointestinal digestion simulation test also was carried out to assess the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds found in samples. Results. The results showed that gastric digestion of powder and capsule blueberry promoted greater bioaccessibility of phenols (42% and 40%), flavonoids (52% and 33%) and anthocyanins (45% and 40%), compared to fresh blueberry digests. After intestinal digestion, the bioaccessibility of phenols (63%) and flavonoids (67%) was higher in the blueberry capsule compared to its powdered blueberry counterpart. The intestinal digestion conditions negatively affected the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins regardless of the type of sample evaluated. Conclusion. Gastric digestion conditions promote greater stability of phenolic compounds in powdered and capsule blueberries, which could be relevant for the maintenance of an antioxidant environment at this level. The intestinal digestion conditions particularly affected the phenolic compounds of fresh and lyophilized blueberry, but not the capsule, which may suggest that encapsulation protected the phenols present from alkaline conditions. Further studies on in vitro absorption of the remaining components in the intestine and their possible effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in in vivo models are suggested(AU)
Subject(s)
Tannins , Flavonoids , Blueberry Plants , Phenolic Compounds , Gastrointestinal Absorption , In Vitro Techniques , Chronic Disease , Digestion , Freeze DryingABSTRACT
Ceratonia siliqua were screened for their polyphenol content and antioxidant ability. A formulation of emulsion using the seed oil and galactomannans was assessed. Results showed that maceration contained the greatest amount of phenolics in organs. The best antioxidant capacity was found in seeds extract using soxhlet method. A chromatographic analysis of carob organs showed the predominance of gallic acid in fruits and pods.Fatty acid composition was dominated by palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids with 16.04, 38.08 and 38.85%, respectively. Finally, characterization of emulsions stabilized with the galactomannan from seeds proves that this biopolymer is an excellent food emulsifier. In fact, the production of emulsions having an average diameter of the dispersed droplets of a few micrometers and a creaming index greater than 80% reflects the very high stability. Overall, the results obtained indicated that C. siliqua can be valued as an emulsifier in several foods, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
ABSTRACT
Epidemiological evidence indicates that plant antioxidants activity can treat or help to prevent the development of various diseases. One species with great potential as an antioxidant is Curcuma longa. However, different extraction techniquescan influence isolated chemical compounds. This study investigated chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two rhizome extracts of C. longa: hydroethanolic, obtained by exhaustion (HECLex); and dried by a spray dryer (HECLsd). The phytochemical composition was evaluated by GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total phenolic compounds and soil analyses were performed. The main components of HECLex were ar-turmerone, γ-curcumene, α-turmerone, and ß-sesquiphellandrene. The main components of HECLsd were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 2, 3-bis([trimethylsilyl]oxy) propyl ester, verrucarol, and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether. HECLsd had significantly higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacity compared with HECLex. In conclusion, processes of the preparation of C. longarhizomes alter the chemical components and consequently their biological activity.
La evidencia epidemiológica indica que la actividad de los antioxidantes de las plantas pueden tratar o ayudar a prevenir el desarrollo de diversas enfermedades. Una especie con gran potencial como antioxidante es Curcuma longa. Sin embargo, diferentes técnicas de extracción pueden influir en los compuestos químicos aislados. Este estudio investigó la composición química y la actividad antioxidante de dos extractos de rizoma de C. longa: hidroetanólico, obtenido por agotamiento (HECLex); y se seca con un secador por pulverización (HECLsd). La composición fitoquímica se evaluó mediante GC/MS. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó mediante ensayos DPPH y FRAP. Se realizaron análisis de suelos y compuestos fenólicos totales. Los componentes principales de HECLex fueron ar-turmerona, γ-curcumene, α-turmerone y ß-sesquiphellandrene. Los componentes principales de HECLsd fueron ácido 9,12,15-octadecatrienoico, éster 2,3-bis ([trimetilsilil] oxi) propílico, verrucarol y éter 1-monolinoleoilglicerol trimetilsilil. HECLsd tenía niveles significativamente más altos de compuestos fenólicos y mayor capacidad antioxidante en comparación con HECLex. En conclusión, los procesos de preparación de los rizomas de C. longa alteran los componentes químicos y consecuentemente su actividad biológica.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Curcuma/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Dietary Supplements , Diarylheptanoids/chemistry , Phenolic Compounds/analysis , Free Radicals , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Phytotherapy , Antioxidants/chemistryABSTRACT
Background: Ilex guayusa Loes. belongs to the family Aquifoliaceae. It is an evergreen tree native to the Amazon region. According to traditional uses, it is used as a diaphoretic, narcotic, purgative, among other uses. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, quantify phenols and total flavonoids of extracts obtained from Ilex guayusa leaves. Methods: Total ethanolic extract was obtained using Soxhlet-type equipment, with subsequent liquid/liquid fractionation with solvents of different polarities (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate); were reacted with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHâ¢) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTSâ¢+), determining the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) and relative antioxidant activity (%AAR), with subsequent statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc). Total phenols and flavonoids were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and complex formation with AlCl3, respectively. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity in both the DPPH⢠and ABTSâ¢+ methods with IC50 values of 4.58 and 3.82 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, it was possible to corroborate that the ethanolic extract (EE) obtained from the leaves of I. guayusa showed the highest antioxidant capacity, by the DPPH⢠and ABTSâ¢+ methods. Additionally, it was possible to relate this capacity to the high flavonoids content present in this extract. Based on the above and accompanied by future studies, the Ilex guayusa species could be proposed as an important source of antioxidant compounds with possible application in medicine and the food industry
Antecedentes:Ilex guayusa Loes. pertenece a la familia Aquifoliaceae. Es un árbol perenne, nativo de la región amazónica. De acuerdo con los usos tradicionales es empleada como diaforético, narcótico, purgativo, entre otros usos. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad antioxidante, cuantificar fenoles y flavonoides totales de extractos obtenidos a partir de las hojas de Ilex guayusa. Métodos: El extracto etanólico total se obtuvo mediante un equipo tipo "Soxhlet", con posterior fraccionamiento líquido/líquido con solventes de diferentes polaridades (éter de petróleo, diclorometano y acetato de etilo); se hicieron reaccionar con 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPHâ¢) y ácido 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico (ABTSâ¢+), determinando la concentración inhibitoria 50 (IC50) y la actividad antioxidante relativa (%AAR), con posterior análisis estadístico (ANOVA y post-hoc de Tukey). Los fenoles y flavonoides totales se cuantificaron con el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y el de formación de complejos con AlCl3, respectivamente. Resultados: El extracto etanólico de las hojas fue el que presentó mayor actividad antioxidante tanto en el método DPPH⢠como en el ABTSâ¢+ con valores de IC50 de 4,58 y 3,82 ppm, respectivamente. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, se pudo corroborar que el extracto etanólico obtenido de las hojas de I. guayusamostró la mayor capacidad antioxidante, por los métodos DPPH⢠y ABTSâ¢+. Adicionalmente, se pudo relacionar esta capacidad con el alto contenido de flavonoides presentes en este extracto. Con base en lo anterior y acompañado de futuros estudios, la especie I. guayusa podría proponerse como una importante fuente de compuestos antioxidantes con posible aplicación en los campos de la medicina y la industria alimentaria
Subject(s)
Humans , Phenolic Compounds , Ilex guayusa , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT@#Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants metabolism and can be found in olive oil. They exhibit antimicrobial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, little is known about the antibacterial activity of the compounds towards periodontopathogens. The study aimed to investigate the potential of these compounds as antibacterial agents towards pathogens, specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Phenolic compounds were extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) through liquid-liquid separation using methanol:water (70:30), and hexane. It was then prepared in various concentrations to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the periodontopathogens. The anti-adhesion activity was quantified using crystal violet staining while the effects on the morphology were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MICs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were 31.25 mg/mL, 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively. The MBCs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively suggesting this compound can eradicate these bacteria. There was no bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis. The adhesion of all the bacteria was interrupted by the compounds at the lowest concentration (1.95 mg/mL). SEM findings showed disruption of bacterial cell surfaces such as blebs and disintegration of cells after exposure to this extract. Phenolic compounds of olive oil exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens, with bactericidal effects on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum and bacteriostatic effects on P. gingivalis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Phenols , Periodontal Diseases , Olive OilABSTRACT
Abstract The Brazilian Cerrado biome consists of a great variety of endemic species with several bioactive compounds, and Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg is a promising species. In this study, we aimed to perform phytochemical characterization and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the hydroethanolic extract of A. peregrina stem bark. The barks were collected in the Botanical Garden of Goiânia, Brazil. The hydroethanolic extract was obtained by percolation and subjected to physicochemical screening, total phenolic content estimation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting, and antioxidant (IC50 values were calculated for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay - DPPH) and antibacterial activity determination. The pH of the extract was 5.21 and density was 0.956 g/cm3. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, organic acids, reducing sugars, hemolytic saponins, phenols, coumarins, condensed tannins, flavonoids, catechins, depsides, and depsidones derived from benzoquinones. The extract showed intense hemolytic activity. The total phenolic content was 6.40 g GAE 100 g-1. The HPLC fingerprinting analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin. We confirmed the antioxidant activity of the extract. Furthermore, the extract did not inhibit the growth of E. coli colonies at any volume tested, but there were halos around S. aureus colonies at all three volumes tested. These results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical composition of A. peregrina stem bark and further support the medicinal applications of this species.
Resumo O bioma Cerrado brasileiro apresenta em uma grande variedade de espécies endêmicas com diversos compostos bioativos, e Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg é uma espécie promissora. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica e avaliar as atividades antioxidantes e antibacterianas contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli do extrato hidroetanólico de cascas do caule de A. peregrina. As cascas foram coletadas no Jardim Botânico de Goiânia, Brasil. O extrato hidroetanólico foi obtido por percolação e submetido a triagem físico-química, estimativa de conteúdo fenólico total, impressão digital por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e determinação da atividade antioxidante (valores de IC50 foram calculados para o ensaio 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil) e antibacteriana. O pH do extrato foi de 5,21 e a densidade foi de 0,956 g/cm3. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de glicosídeos cardíacos, ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores, saponinas hemolíticas, fenóis, cumarinas, taninos condensados, flavonóides, catequinas, depsídios e depsidonas derivados de benzoquinonas. O extrato mostrou intensa atividade hemolítica. O conteúdo fenólico total foi de 6,40 g de GAE 100 g-1. A análise por impressão digital por HPLC revelou a presença de ácido gálico, catequina e epicatequina. Confirmamos a atividade antioxidante do extrato. Além disso, o extrato não inibiu o crescimento de colônias de E. coli em nenhum volume testado, mas houve halos em torno das colônias de S. aureus nos três volumes testados. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da composição química da casca de A. peregrina e apoia ainda mais as aplicações medicinais desta espécie.
ABSTRACT
The Brazilian Cerrado biome consists of a great variety of endemic species with several bioactive compounds, and Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg is a promising species. In this study, we aimed to perform phytochemical characterization and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the hydroethanolic extract of A. peregrina stem bark. The barks were collected in the Botanical Garden of Goiânia, Brazil. The hydroethanolic extract was obtained by percolation and subjected to physicochemical screening, total phenolic content estimation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting, and antioxidant (IC50 values were calculated for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay - DPPH) and antibacterial activity determination. The pH of the extract was 5.21 and density was 0.956 g/cm3. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, organic acids, reducing sugars, hemolytic saponins, phenols, coumarins, condensed tannins, flavonoids, catechins, depsides, and depsidones derived from benzoquinones. The extract showed intense hemolytic activity. The total phenolic content was 6.40 g GAE 100 g-1. The HPLC fingerprinting analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin. We confirmed the antioxidant activity of the extract. Furthermore, the extract did not inhibit the growth of E. coli colonies at any volume tested, but there were halos around S. aureus colonies at all three volumes tested. These results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical composition of A. peregrina stem bark and further support the medicinal applications of this species.
O bioma Cerrado brasileiro apresenta em uma grande variedade de espécies endêmicas com diversos compostos bioativos, e Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg é uma espécie promissora. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica e avaliar as atividades antioxidantes e antibacterianas contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli do extrato hidroetanólico de cascas do caule de A. peregrina. As cascas foram coletadas no Jardim Botânico de Goiânia, Brasil. O extrato hidroetanólico foi obtido por percolação e submetido a triagem físicoquímica, estimativa de conteúdo fenólico total, impressão digital por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e determinação da atividade antioxidante (valores de IC50 foram calculados para o ensaio 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil) e antibacteriana. O pH do extrato foi de 5,21 e a densidade foi de 0,956 g/cm3. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de glicosídeos cardíacos, ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores, saponinas hemolíticas, fenóis, cumarinas, taninos condensados, flavonóides, catequinas, depsídios e depsidonas derivados de benzoquinonas. O extrato mostrou intensa atividade hemolítica. O conteúdo fenólico total foi de 6,40 g de GAE 100 g-1. A análise por impressão digital por HPLC revelou a presença de ácido gálico, catequina e epicatequina. Confirmamos a atividade antioxidante do extrato. Além disso, o extrato não inibiu o crescimento de colônias de E. coli em nenhum volume testado, mas houve halos em torno das colônias de S. aureus nos três volumes testados. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da composição química da casca de A. peregrina e apoia ainda mais as aplicações medicinais desta espécie.
Subject(s)
Plant Bark , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus , Brazil , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Escherichia coli , Phytochemicals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The Brazilian Cerrado biome consists of a great variety of endemic species with several bioactive compounds, and Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg is a promising species. In this study, we aimed to perform phytochemical characterization and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the hydroethanolic extract of A. peregrina stem bark. The barks were collected in the Botanical Garden of Goiânia, Brazil. The hydroethanolic extract was obtained by percolation and subjected to physicochemical screening, total phenolic content estimation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting, and antioxidant (IC50 values were calculated for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay - DPPH) and antibacterial activity determination. The pH of the extract was 5.21 and density was 0.956 g/cm3. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, organic acids, reducing sugars, hemolytic saponins, phenols, coumarins, condensed tannins, flavonoids, catechins, depsides, and depsidones derived from benzoquinones. The extract showed intense hemolytic activity. The total phenolic content was 6.40 g GAE 100 g-¹. The HPLC fingerprinting analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin. We confirmed the antioxidant activity of the extract. Furthermore, the extract did not inhibit the growth of E. coli colonies at any volume tested, but there were halos around S. aureus colonies at all three volumes tested. These results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical composition of A. peregrina stem bark and further support the medicinal applications of this species.
O bioma Cerrado brasileiro apresenta em uma grande variedade de espécies endêmicas com diversos compostos bioativos, e Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg é uma espécie promissora. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica e avaliar as atividades antioxidantes e antibacterianas contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli do extrato hidroetanólico de cascas do caule de A. peregrina. As cascas foram coletadas no Jardim Botânico de Goiânia, Brasil. O extrato hidroetanólico foi obtido por percolação e submetido a triagem físico química, estimativa de conteúdo fenólico total, impressão digital por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência(HPLC) e determinação da atividade antioxidante (valores de IC50 foram calculados para o ensaio 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil) e antibacteriana. O pH do extrato foi de 5,21 e a densidade foi de 0,956 g/cm3. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de glicosídeos cardíacos, ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores, saponinas hemolíticas, fenóis, cumarinas, taninos condensados, flavonóides, catequinas, depsídios e depsidonas derivados de benzoquinonas. O extrato mostrou intensa atividade hemolítica. O conteúdo fenólico total foi de 6,40 g de GAE 100 g-1. A análise por impressão digital por HPLC revelou a presença de ácido gálico, catequina e epicatequina. Confirmamos a atividade antioxidante do extrato. Além disso, o extrato não inibiu o crescimento de colônias de E. coli em nenhum volume testado, mas houve halos em torno das colônias de S. aureus nos três volumes testados. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da composição química da casca de A. peregrina e apoia ainda mais as aplicações medicinais desta espécie.