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Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais da autoproteção profissional e pessoal dos enfermeiros no contexto da Covid-19. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, pautado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, abordagem processual. Participaram 30 enfermeiros que realizaram cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes com Covid-19, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada entre abril e maio 2021, realizada em plataforma online. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com a técnica de análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultado: a análise resultou em quatro categorias: Representações sociais e práticas relativas a Covid-19; Representações sociais da autoproteção; Desafios no enfrentamento da Covid-19: autoproteção pessoal e profissional; e Estrutura e fluxo de atendimento e sua relação com a autoproteção profissional. Considerações finais: houve engajamento dos profissionais no uso dos EPI na pandemia, o que aponta uma preocupação quanto à autoproteção na prestação de cuidados à pacientes com a Covid-19.
Objective: to analyze the social representations of professional and personal self-protection among nurses in the context of Covid-19. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on the Social Representations Theory, using a procedural approach. Thirty nurses who provided nursing care to Covid-19 patients in the State of Rio de Janeiro participated in the study. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews between April and May 2021, conducted on an online platform. Data analysis was performed using the thematic-categorical content analysis technique. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories of social representations and practices related to challenges in coping with Covid-19: personal and professional self-protection; Care structure and flow and its relationship with professional self-protection. Final considerations: There was engagement of professionals in the use of PPE during the pandemic, indicating a concern regarding self-protection in providing care to patients with Covid-19.
Objetivo: analizar las representaciones sociales de la autoprotección profesional y personal de los enfermeros en el contexto del Covid-19. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, enfoque procesal. Participaron 30 enfermeros que brindaron cuidados de enfermería a pacientes con Covid-19 en el Estado de Río de Janeiro. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas entre abril y mayo de 2021, realizadas en una plataforma online. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido temático categorial. Resultado: del análisis surgieron cuatro categorías: Representaciones sociales y prácticas relacionadas con el Covid-19; Representaciones sociales de la autoprotección; Desafíos de enfrentar el Covid-19: autoprotección personal y profesional; y Estructura y flujo de atención y su relación con la autoprotección profesional. Consideraciones finales: los profesionales demostraron compromiso en el uso de EPP durante la pandemia, lo que indica que se preocupaban por autoprotegerse durante la atención a pacientes con Covid-19.
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Los neurodatos, es decir los datos provenientes del examen de la actividad cerebral humana y del sistema nervioso, pueden ser recolectados por distintas neurotecnologías con uso de inteligencia Artificial tanto en el ámbito médico, desde el punto de vista diagnostico especialmente mediante electroencefalografía, interfaz cerebro-computador, resonancia nuclear magnética funcional etc., pero también en la terapias sanitarias y en la actividad de rehabilitación; en el marketing y en la prestación de servicios a los consumidores (por ejemplo los videojuegos y otras aplicaciones lúdicas), en aplicaciones con fines de seguridad, hasta su uso en el proceso penal o con fines militares. Esta investigación intenta dilucidar desde el punto de vista jurídico la naturaleza y alcance de los neurodatos con especial énfasis en la pregunta si pueden considerarse como datos personales o si es necesaria una regulación específica como la chilena.
Os neurodados, ou seja, os dados provenientes do exame da atividade cerebral humana e do sistema nervoso, podem ser coletados por distintas neurotecnologias com o uso de inteligência artificial, tanto no âmbito médico, sob o ponto de vista diagnóstico, especialmente por meio de eletroencefalografia, interface cérebro-computador, ressonância magnética funcional, etc., como também em terapias de saúde e na atividade de reabilitação; no marketing e na prestação de serviços aos consumidores (por exemplo, em videogames e outras aplicações lúdicas), em aplicações com fins de segurança, até seu uso em processos penais ou para fins militares. Esta pesquisa busca esclarecer, do ponto de vista jurídico, a natureza e o alcance dos neurodados, com especial ênfase na questão de saber se podem ser considerados como dados pessoais ou se é necessária uma regulamentação específica, como a chilena.
Neurodata, i.e. data from the examination of human brain activity and the nervous system, can be collected by different neurotechnologies with the use of Artificial Intelligence both in the medical field, from the diagnostic point of view especially through electroencephalography, brain-computer interface, functional magnetic resonance imaging etc., but also in health therapies and rehabilitation activity; in marketing and consumer services (e.g. video games and other entertainment applications), in applications for security purposes, to their use in criminal prosecution or for military purposes. This research attempts to elucidate from a legal point of view the nature and scope of neurodata with special emphasis on the question whether they can be considered as personal data or whether a specific regulation such as the Chilean one is necessary.
Subject(s)
Health LawABSTRACT
Aim: This research work was aimed at investigating the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiarrhoeal activity of the extracts and fractions of Ipomoea triloba, a plant used locally for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in order to investigate its safety profile. Study Design: 20 diarrhoeaic Clinical stool samples were collected and implicating organisms were isolated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Uyo AkwaIbom State, South-South Nigeria between May 2021-December, 2022. Methodology: Antibiogram, Plasmid curing and Intraperitoneal assay of acute toxicity and mouse protection test of the ethanol extract of plant were carried out on the bacterial-diarrhoeaic isolates. Results: Antibiogram by the agar-diffusion technique indicated a predominant resistance by the isolates. Plasmid curing assessment for antidiarrhoeal activity indicated a predominantly plasmid-borne resistance. Combined antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract and fractions of Ipomoea triloba with standard antibiotic (tetracycline), assessed by the activity index profile (AIP), showed a reduction in the in antagonistic activity and an increase in protective efficacy after plasmid curing. Acute toxicity (LD50) assay in albino mice (15.0-18-0 g body weight) indicated that the ethanol extract of Ipomoea triloba showed relative non-toxicity with an estimated value of 946.68 mg/kg body weight. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activity and protection efficacy of the ethanol extract assayed by mouse protection test (MPT) infection model offered appreciable (50.0 - 83.3%) protection to the bacterial-diarrhoeaic isolates challenged mice, compared with the relatively moderate (33.3 - 50.0%) protection by the control. Conclusion: There is need for further studies to elucidate the active principles responsible for the antidiarrhoeal activity of Ipomoea triloba in order to establish its structure activity relationship, this then can be introduced into the treatment regimen as a plausible remedy against acute hypersecretory infectious diarrhoea because of its safety profile which has been established in this work.
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This case study investigates the impact of different levels of uptake stimulants on the growth and yield of a leguminous vegetable crop Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus). The field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2024 at agricultural land of ASPEE Foundation based in Palghar, Maharashtra. The study utilized a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and seven treatments. Each treatment received drenched well-formulated nutrients in different concentration. The highest pod yield was recorded 2.187 ton/ha with the application of 2 ml P star used per liter of water(T2). For the considered Bauni variety of Dolichos bean, the soil parameters of experimental field are as follows: pH 7.28, Organic Carbon (OC) 0.17%, Electrical Conductivity (EC) 0.84 dS/m, Nitrogen (N) 85.29 kg/ha, Phosphorus (P) 92.19 kg/ha, and Potassium (K) 394.17 kg/ha. This indicates that the application of appropriate treatments using appropriate crop protection equipment with integrated nutrient management (INM) significantly enhanced both growth and yield parameters of Dolichos bean such as number of pods per cluster, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant and pod Yield (kg/ha).
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Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of leaf powders of Aegle marmelos and Ricinus communis against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. which infests stored pulse seeds. Stored pulses are primarily attacks by major insect pest particularly the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Though chemicals provide effective control of Callosobruchus sp., but the efficiency of the chemicals mostly depends on the mode of exposure. The maximum effectiveness is given when the insecticides are provided by gustatory a method, but majority of these are toxic to human. Stored product to be many synthetic insecticides have been found effective against pests, but proved to be hazardous to men and domestic animals. These chemical compounds pose a serious risk to human health, so these chemical compounds should note used in stored pulses that are consumed. The over reliance on and non judicious use of synthetic pesticides, especially insecticides since last four decades led to wide the spectrum of pests resistance to chemicals, resurgence an of pests, Pulse beetles cause losses of more than 50% of protected grains, control of which generally depends on synthetic bio pesticides involving fumigants, this result in residual and unintended contamination of food and soil which can prove hazardous to human and animal health. The extracts of the different fraction of bio insecticides may play a key role in troublesome insect pests controlling program in nearing time to come. The leaves of the plants Aegle marmelos and Ricinus communis have proven to be well effective for the control of Callosobruchus chinensis, by using methanol and chloroform solvents.
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Objetivo: Determinar las conductas sexuales protectoras en estudiantes de una universidad de Chillán, Chile. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo con un muestreo probabilístico por conveniencia de 234 estudiantes universitarios, para los criterios de inclusión destaca haber iniciado actividad sexual. La recolección de datos fue a través de Google forms. El instrumento utilizado fue "Cuestionario de conducta sexual segura". Resultados: Del total de los alumnos encuestados el 64,1 % son mujeres. En cuanto al estado civil, el 93,5 % se identifica soltero. Solo el 47,4 % detiene la actividad sexual para utilizar condón. El 80,8 % evita relaciones sexuales en la primera cita, un 81,6 % nunca tienen relaciones anales sin condón, y el 99,6 % nunca ha tenido sexo con personas que utilizan drogas. Se encontró que la media para conducta sexual protectora es de 70,2 %. Conclusión: Los encuestados presentan conductas sexuales protectoras(AU)
Objective: To determine protective sexual behaviors in students at a university in Chillán, Chile. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive study with a probability sampling by convenience of 234 university students, for the inclusion criteria it stands out to have initiated sexual activity. Data collection was through Google form. The instrument used was the "Safe sexual behavior questionnaire". Results: Of the total students surveyed, 64.1% are women. Regarding marital status, 93.5% identify themselves as single. Only 47.4% stop sexual activity to use a condom. 80.8% avoid sexual relations on the first date, 81.6% never have anal relations without a condom, and 99.6% have never had sex with people who use drugs. It was found that the mean for protective sexual behavior is 70.2 %. Conclusion: The respondents present protective sexual behaviors(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sexual Behavior , Students , Universities , Condoms , Sex Education , Coitus , CommunicationABSTRACT
La pandemia de COVID-19 representó un gran desafío para los profesionales de la salud de Perú, debido al riesgo elevado de contagio, la sobrecarga laboral y afectación de la salud mental. Objetivo: describir las experiencias laborales y percepciones del personal sanitario de este país durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales de la salud pública en Perú entre mayo y diciembre del año 2020. Las mismas fueron grabadas y transcritas para la recolección de la información, las cuales se analizaron en categorías. Resultados: en las entrevistas realizadas se destacaron los desafíos organizativos y de recursos, como la escasez de equipos de protección personal y gestión burocrática. Se resaltó el impacto humano y social en términos de comunicación, empatía y reevaluación de valores personales. Se observó adaptaciones significativas en la práctica médica, con énfasis en el manejo de pacientes y la capacitación. Conclusiones: las experiencias clínicas y emocionales reflejaron los retos y motivaciones del personal sanitario durante la pandemia; en el que se demostró la necesidad de una mayor adaptabilidad y preparación, así como la importancia del bienestar emocional y social.
The COVID-19 pandemic represented a great challenge for health professionals in Peru, due to the high risk of contagion, work overload, and impact on mental health. Objective: describe the work experiences and perceptions of health personnel in this country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: a qualitative phenomenological study was carried out, in which eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with public health professionals in Peru between May and December 2020. They were recorded and transcribed for the collection of information, which were analyzed in categories. Results: organizational and resource challenges were highlighted in the interviews conducted, such as the shortage of personal protective equipment and bureaucratic management. The human and social impact was highlighted in terms of communication, empathy and reevaluation of personal values. Significant adaptations were observed in medical practice, with emphasis on patient management and training. Conclusions: the clinical and emotional experiences reflected the challenges and motivations of healthcare personnel during the pandemic; in which the need for greater adaptability and preparation was demonstrated, as well as the importance of emotional and social well-being
A pandemia da COVID-19 representou um grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde no Peru, devido ao alto risco de contágio, sobrecarga de trabalho e impacto na saúde mental. Objetivo: descrever as experiências de trabalho e percepções do pessoal de saúde neste país durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo fenomenológico qualitativo, no qual foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde pública no Peru entre maio e dezembro de 2020. Elas foram gravadas e transcritas para a coleta de informações. Resultados: os desafios organizacionais e de recursos foram destacados nas entrevistas realizadas, como a escassez de equipamentos de proteção individual e a gestão burocrática. O impacto humano e social foi destacado em termos de comunicação, empatia e reavaliação de valores pessoais. Adaptações significativas foram observadas na prática médica, com ênfase no manejo e treinamento dos pacientes. Conclusões: as experiências clínicas e emocionais refletiram os desafios e motivações dos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia; em que foi demonstrada a necessidade de maior adaptabilidade e preparação, bem como a importância do bem-estar emocional e social
Subject(s)
Personal Protective EquipmentABSTRACT
Mechanosensitive channels are integral membrane proteins in bacterial cell membranes as well as archaea, and eukaryotes. The role of these bacterial mechanosensitive channels is essential for protecting cells from structural damage during hypoosmotic shock. Mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) and mechanosensitive channels of large conductance (MscL) are the predominant channels in E. coli. Activation of mechanosensitive channels typically occurs when the bacterial membrane senses tension or distortion. Overall, the ecological niche of bacteria shapes the selective pressures acting on mechanosensitive channels, leading to their adaptation to specific environmental conditions. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels contribute to the ability of bacterial pathogens to adapt to and survive within the host environment, as well as to modulate interactions with host cells and tissues during infection. They could also act as entrance gates for specific antibiotic classes into bacterial cells. Accordingly, it was discovered that nitrofuran nifuroxazide and tuberactinomycin viomycin depended on both Ec-MscS and Ec-MscL for enhanced efficacy. Several compounds have been identified that directly target mechanosensitive channels. For example, ramizol has been shown to reduce the gating threshold of MscL and MscS channels, while styrylbenzene inhibits MscL channels in S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Clostridium difficile. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are versatile drug targets due to their role in promoting bacterial virulence and host colonization, serving as entry points for antibiotics, and being structurally distinct from mammalian counterparts. These special structures which are meant to protect the cell can also be harnessed as drug targets, thereby increasing the susceptibility of the bacterial cell to target antibiotics. This feature has been harnessed to reduce the burden of antibiotics resistance and its attendant effect on global healthcare complications. The aim of this review is to examine the various physiological, drug resistance and pathogenicity roles of these mechanosensitive channels as well as their usefulness as potential drug targets.
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Background & objectives: At present, use of synthetic pesticides to manage insects and other arthropods creates a number of issues that are related to the environment and public health. The goal of the present study is to find repel- lent activity of Vitex negundo and Curcuma longa herbal extracts against the wild species Simulium (blackfly) bite. Methods: We have studied Simulium biting behavior and tested the repellency of herbal extract obtained from Vitex negundo L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberal: Zingiberaceae) along with their essential oils in three locations in Arunachal Pradesh, India on human volunteers’ resistance to Simulium (blackflies). The reported herbal extracts were incorporated to topical drug delivery vehicle as a cream and gel. Results: The methanolic extract of Vitex negundo cream and gel formulation showed >2 h safety at 5% concentration and >5 h safety at 10% concentration in all the testing sites followed by ethyl acetate extract. Whereas, chloroform extract of Curcuma longa cream and gel formulation provided >1 h safety at 5% concentration and >4 h safety at 10% concentration. Interpretation & conclusion: At an optimum concentration of 10%, the methanolic extract of Vitex negundo cream provided complete protection times (CPTs) 320.4, 358.6, and 346.4 min, respectively. These findings offer confirma- tion of the methanolic extract and chloroform extract potential for use in new blackfly repellents.
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O uso da proteção auditiva pode representar uma série de preocupações de segurança quando considerados o treinamento e orientação, os prejuízos à comunicação e o ambiente ocupacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os benefícios da dupla proteção auditiva em risco de ruído ocupacional. Os artigos científicos de embasamento foram selecionados pelas bases de dados MEDLINE (Pubmed), Lilacs, Scielo, SCOPUS e Web of Science, sem restrição de idioma, período e localização. Foram localizados 197 artigos em que três atenderam aos critérios de admissão desta pesquisa. Os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) exigem controle rigoroso quanto ao seu uso adequado, que por vezes é negligenciado na rotina diária de trabalho. Conclui-se que a modernização e o uso de tecnologias mais seguras tem o intuito de diminuir o impacto da exposição ao ruído, entretanto, as barreiras entre a economia e a adesão pelos trabalhadores ainda precisam ser minimizadas.
Use of hearing protection can raise a series of safety concerns when considering training and guidance, communication impairments, and occupational environment. Hence, this study assessed the benefits of dual hearing protection in occupational noise risk. Scientific articles were selected from the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SCIELO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases, with no language, period, or location restrictions. A total of 197 articles were located, of which three met the inclusion criteria. Proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) usage requires strict monitoring, which is sometimes overlooked in the daily work routine. Modernization and use of safer technologies aim to reduce the impact of noise exposure; however, the barriers between the economy and worker adherence still need to be mitigated.
El uso de protección auditiva puede implicar una serie de preocupaciones de seguridad al considerar el entrenamiento y orientación, el daño a la comunicación y el ambiente laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los beneficios de la doble protección auditiva en riesgo de ruido laboral. Se seleccionaron los artículos científicos de las bases de datos MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science, sin restricciones de idioma, período y ubicación. Se encontraron 197 artículos, de los cuales tres cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para este estudio. Los equipos de protección individual (EPI) requieren un riguroso control sobre su adecuado uso y, muchas veces, no son utilizados por los trabajadores durante su rutina laboral. Se concluye que la modernización y el uso de tecnologías más seguras pueden reducir el impacto de la exposición al ruido, sin embargo, las barreras entre la economía y el uso de estos equipos por los trabajadores aún necesitan mitigarse.
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While the Internet has brought convenience and speed to human life, it has also led to frequent privacy violations. In the context of epidemiological investigations and information disclosure regarding confirmed Covid-19 patients, many individuals have utilized the Internet as a means to disseminate information and engage in cyber manhunts, resulting in breaches of privacy for those involved. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent within the realm of the Internet, where the boundaries of privacy invasion become blurred. Various types of privacy infringements, both active and passive negligence, are evident on social networking platforms. The juxtaposition of the virtual world of the Internet with real-life scenarios presents novel challenges in the realm of privacy violations. The Internet era, coupled with the widespread use and integration of big data, has diminished the absolute right to privacy on the Internet. This paper examines the challenge of safeguarding the identity information of infectious patients through the lens of two theoretical frameworks -Kantianism and Utilitarianism- in an effort to address this ethical dilemma.
Aunque Internet ha aportado comodidad y rapidez a la vida humana, también ha dado lugar a frecuentes violaciones de la intimidad. En el contexto de las investigaciones epidemiológicas y la divulgación de información relativa a pacientes confirmados de covid-19, muchas personas han utilizado Internet como medio para difundir información y participar en cibercacerías, lo que ha dado lugar a violaciones en la intimidad de los implicados. Este fenómeno prevalece en el ámbito de Internet, donde los límites de la invasión de la intimidad se vuelven vagos. En las redes sociales, se manifiestan diversos tipos de violaciones de la intimidad, tanto por negligencia activa como pasiva. La yuxtaposición entre el mundo virtual de Internet con escenarios de la vida real plantea nuevos retos en el ámbito de las violaciones de la intimidad. La era de Internet, junto con el uso generalizado y la integración del bigdata, han mermado el derecho absoluto a la privacidad. Este artículo examina el reto de salvaguardar la información sobre la identidad de los pacientes infecciosos a través de la lente de dos marcos teóricos -el kantianismo y el utilitarismo- en un esfuerzo por abordar este dilema ético.
Enquanto a Internet trouxe conveniência e velocidade à vida humana, ela também levou a frequentes violações da privacidade. No contexto de investigações epidemiológicas e divulgação de informações em relação a pacientes confirmados de Covid-19, muitos indivíduos utilizaram a Internet como um meio para disseminar informação e participar de uma caçada cibernética, resultando em violações da privacidade para aqueles envolvidos. Esse fenômeno é particularmente prevalente no âmbito da Internet, onde os limites de invasão da privacidade se tornaram borrados. Vários tipos de infrações da privacidade, tanto negligências ativa como passiva, são evidentes em plataformas de redes sociais. A justaposição do mundo virtual da Internet com cenários da vida real apresenta novos desafios no âmbito das violações da privacidade. A era da Internet, juntamente com o amplo uso e integração de megadados (big data), diminuiu o direito absoluto à privacidade na Internet. Esse artigo examina o desafio de proteger a informação de identidade de pacientes infectantes através das lentes de dois enquadres teóricos -Kantianismo e Utilitarismo- em um esforço para abordar esse dilema ético.
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Introducción. Uno de los principales desafíos para la primera infancia es brindar cuidados adecuados que reduzcan desigualdades y promuevan desarrollo infantil temprano (DIT). El objetivo del trabajo fue describir relaciones entre los cuidados que reciben niños y niñas de 3 y 4 años, según el marco para el cuidado cariñoso y sensible (NC, por sus siglas en inglés), y sus niveles de DIT en Argentina, considerando región y quintiles de riqueza. Población y métodos. Estudio analítico observacional de corte transversal, a partir de las bases de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes (MICS) Argentina 2019-2020. Se seleccionaron 11 indicadores de NC y se estimó el nivel de DIT utilizando el Índice de Desarrollo Infantil Temprano (ECDI) para un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados. En 2638 niños y niñas de 3 y 4 años evaluados, el promedio de acceso a indicadores de cuidados fue del 79,1 %; el acceso fue alto en 7 indicadores (entre el 84,2 % y el 97,9 %) y medio en 4 (entre el 46,9 % y el 65,1 %); la mayor frecuencia fue contar con registro de nacimiento (97,9 %) y la menor, la cobertura de seguro de salud (46,9 %). El 87,9 % alcanzó niveles adecuados de ECDI. Los resultados registran diferencias según quintiles de riqueza y regiones. Conclusiones. Los resultados evidencian desigualdades de acceso a cuidados y en DIT adecuado de niños y niñas de 3 y 4 años de áreas urbanas de Argentina según la región donde viven y el nivel de riqueza de sus hogares.
Introduction. One of the main challenges for early childhood is to provide adequate care to reduce inequalities and promote an early childhood development (ECD). The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between the care provided to children aged 3 and 4 years according to the nurturing care (NC) framework and their ECD levels in Argentina, considering the region and wealth quintiles. Population and methods. This was an observational, cross-sectional analytical study based on data from the National Survey of Children and Adolescents (MICS) of Argentina 20192020. A total of 11 NC indicators were selected; the level of ECD was estimated using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) for a descriptive, statistical analysis. Results. In 2638 children aged 3 and 4 years assessed, the average access to care indicators was 79.1%; access was high for 7 indicators (between 84.2% and 97.9%) and middle for 4 indicators (between 46.9% and 65.1%); the highest and lowest frequency corresponded to having a birth certificate (97.9%) and health insurance coverage (46.9%), respectively. Adequate ECDI levels were observed in 87.9%. Results show differences by wealth quintile and region. Conclusions. The results evidence inequalities in terms of access to care and an adequate ECD of children aged 3 and 4 years from urban areas of Argentina, depending on the region where they live and their household wealth level.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Research Design , Healthcare Disparities , Argentina , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Fundamento: El cáncer de piel como problema de salud pública exige afrontarlo mediante estrategias integrales, transversales y sostenibles de prevención, basadas en la realidad del individuo, familia y comunidad, donde se incluyan experiencias previas, creencias y costumbres, tomando en cuenta la diversidad cultural. Objetivo: Determinar la práctica intercultural de fotoprotección en estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo para la prevención del cáncer de piel. Métodos: Investigación con enfoque cualitativo - interpretativo, considerando datos narrativos y vivenciales sustentados para la descripción profunda del fenómeno. Los sujetos de estudio constituyeron 12 informantes clave que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la entrevista semiestructurada y el autorreportaje. Se realizó la transcripción de las entrevistas, categorización, interpretación y triangulación. Resultados: La práctica intercultural de fotoprotección en estudiantes de enfermería se relacionó con tres categorías centrales: cultura/salud con los cuidados culturales de fotoprotección; entorno con la visión del mundo y entorno cultural; y promoción con las necesidades de aprendizaje y/o educación sobre fotoprotección, respectivamente. Categorías que se respaldan con el modelo del sol naciente propuesto por Madeleine Leininger. Conclusiones: La teoría de Leininger direcciona a los estudiantes y profesionales de la salud para que sean conscientes de las actitudes culturales y trabajen en colaboración con los usuarios, brindando estrategias de promoción y prevención que sean culturalmente apropiadas y efectivas, en donde se consideren factores como el idioma, tradiciones y normas culturales.
Foundation: Skin cancer as a public health problem requires facing it through comprehensive, transversal and sustainable prevention strategies, based on the reality of the individual, family and community; where previous experiences, beliefs and customs are included, taking into account cultural diversity. Objective: Determine the intercultural practice of photoprotection in nursing students at the Chimborazo National University for the skin cancer prevention. Methods: Research with a qualitative-interpretive approach, considering narrative and experiential data supported for the in-depth description of the phenomenon. The studied subjects constituted 12 key informants who met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and self-reporting. The interviews were transcribed, categorized, interpreted and triangulated. Results: The intercultural practice of photoprotection in nursing students was related to three central categories: culture/health with cultural photoprotection care; environment with worldview and cultural environment; and promotion with learning and/or education needs on photoprotection respectively. Categories that are supported by the rising sun model proposed by Madeleine Leininger. Conclusions: Leininger's theory directs students and health professionals to be aware of cultural attitudes and work in collaboration with users, providing promotion and prevention strategies that are culturally appropriate and effective, where factors such as language, traditions and cultural norms are taking into account.
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Purpose- The main purpose of the paper is to study that how could Geographic Indications (GI) play an essential role in the promotion of original products in local as well as in overseas markets.GI protection has economic implications both for the consumers and producers. Design/Methodology/Approach –The study explores that GIs are collective IPRs which protect traditional regional heritage that has long been practiced among the local people in certain specic regions to preserve their agricultural Products, Handicrafts, Industrial Products, Foodstuffs etc moreover that also functions as an anti-counterfeiting mechanism. Findings- This paper contributes to the socio-economic impact evaluation of GIs by carrying out a study in Uttarakhand having total 27 GI tag products. The theoretical studies on GIs mostly focus on the consumer welfare based on the other hand it is an attempt to examine the producer welfare effects of GI protection. Research Implications- This study provides insights for GI producers, policy makers emphasizing different factors inuencing GI and explores the future outlook
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Background & objectives: Lice infestation is considered as a reemerging problem as well as a health challenge. Based on Protection Motivation Theory, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training mothers in regard to pediculosis preventive behavior among school students. Methods: In a critical trial, 180 mothers of primary school daughters were assessed in two study groups in the Iranian city of Qom in 2021. They received training intervention in a course of four ninety-minute sessions during four weeks. After six months, the post-test questionnaire and the checklist were completed by them. The data were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Results: After the training intervention, a significant difference was observed within the intervention group in scores of the prevention motivation constructs (P<0.001). Besides, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the preventive behavior of the mothers and daughters in the intervention group before the training intervention and six months after it (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was seen before and after the intervention in the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups (P<0.001) in terms of comparing the mean score differences of all the constructs of protection motivation theory, the mothers’ behavior and the daughters’ behavior checklist. Interpretation & conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of training mothers based on Protection Motiva- tion Theory in regard to pediculosis. Therefore, it seems that in developing training programs, utilizing this theory could prove useful to bring about changes in the individuals’ behavior regarding the prevention of pediculosis.
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Background: Dental radiologists, technicians, and other personnel understand the significance of radiation risks and, consequently, patient safety. It is equally important to know the understanding of patients visiting the hospital,which will assist in identifying gaps in patient education. Methods: Patients (n=300) visiting the outpatient department were given a pre-validated questionnaire form, which consisted of 17 questions distributed separately in order to assess awareness and attitude. The responses collected were statistically analysed. Results: Patients who are literate and have fairly good socioeconomic status are expected to be more aware and concerned about their attitude towards radiation safety and hazards, although fewer illiterate people are also expected to be equally aware and concerned. Conclusions: Despite many efforts by authorities, there seems to be a need to spread more awareness about radiation safety and hazards among the general population, irrespective of their background characteristics and educational status, and thus improve their attitude towards the same.
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Resumen (analítico) Para prevenir la violencia institucional en el sistema de protección a la niñez vulnerada en Chile, se buscó identificar aspectos que contribuyen a producir esta violencia a partir de quince entrevistas a profesionales que formaron parte de programas de protección ambulatorios de la red de organismos colaboradores del Servicio Nacional de Menores. Tras un diseño cualitativo-descriptivo y un análisis de contenido-categorial los resultados arrojaron tres dimensiones de producción: lógicas de intervención, esquema relacional y prácticas. Se discute que tales aspectos operan desde un entramado de producción complejo conformado por dimensiones y vivencias de y los efectos de violencia, alojados en el campo de la gestión-intervención y se relacionan con el paradigma de la nueva gestión pública que caracteriza el modelo de protección a la infancia.
Abstract (analytical) With the goal of promoting the prevention of institutional violence in the child protection system for vulnerable children in Chile, this study aimed to identify factors that contribute to the emergence of this type of violence. The author conducted fifteen interviews with staff from the outpatient protection programs implemented by the network of agencies that collaborate with the National Children's Service. Using a qualitative-descriptive design and a content-categorical analysis, the results identified three factors that produce institutional violence: intervention logics, relational framework and practices. The article discusses how these factors operate within a complex production structure that is defined by the dimensions, experiences and effects of violence. These factors are situated in the management-intervention field and associated with the of the New Public Management paradigm that characterizes Chile's current child protection model.
Resumo (analítico) Com o objetivo de promover a prevenção da violência institucional no sistema de proteção à infancia vulnerável no Chile, buscou-se identificar aspectos que contribuem para a produção desta violencia a partir de quinze entrevistas com profissionais que fizeram parte dos programas de proteção ambulatoriais da rede de organizações colaboradoras do Serviço Nacional de Menores. Através de um desenho qualitativo-descritivo e uma análise de conteúdo-categorial, os resultados mostraram três dimensões de produção: lógicas de intervenção, esquema relacional e práticas. Discute-se que tais aspectos operam a partir de uma estrutura de produção complexa formada pelas dimensões, vivências e efeitos da violência, estando situados no campo da gestão-intervenção e relacionados com o paradigma da Nova Gestão Pública que caracteriza o modelo de proteção à infância.
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Violence , Child Welfare , Minors , Protective FactorsABSTRACT
Objective.To investigate the relationship between environmental ethics, spiritual health, and environmental behavior among nursing students . Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 200 iranian students from the Chabahar Nursing School were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool included a questionnaire on demographic information, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, environmental ethics, and spiritual health. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to evaluate the conceptual framework in this study. Results. The mean score for environmental ethics among nursing students was 65.73±10.61 out of 100. Most of the students (47%) had desirable environmental ethics. The knowledge structure (ß=0.46) predicted attitude. The attitude structure also predicted environmental behavior (ß=0.28) and spiritual health (ß=0.31). Ultimately, the results showed that spiritual health and environmental ethics predict environmental behavior directly and indirectly (p<0.001). Conclusion. Spiritual health and environmental ethics were strong predictors of environmental behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account not only students' spiritual health but also their ethical behaviors to promote environmental protection behaviors in the future.
Objetivo. Investigar la relación entre la ética ambiental, la salud espiritual y el comportamiento ambiental entre los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos. En este estudio transversal se seleccionaron 200 estudiantes iraníes de la Escuela de Enfermería de Chabahar mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio simple. La herramienta de recogida de datos incluía un cuestionario sobre información demográfica, conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos hacia el medio ambiente, ética medioambiental y salud espiritual. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para evaluar el marco conceptual de este estudio. Resultados. La puntuación media en ética medioambiental entre los estudiantes de enfermería fue de 65.73±10.61 sobre 100. El 47% de los estudiantes tenían una ética medioambiental deseable. La estructura de conocimientos (0.46) predijo la actitud. La estructura de la actitud también predijo el comportamiento medioambiental (0.28) y la salud espiritual (0.31). En última instancia, los resultados mostraron que la salud espiritual y la ética medioambiental predicen el comportamiento medioambiental directa e indirectamente (p<0.001). Conclusión. La salud espiritual y la ética medioambiental fueron fuertes predictores del comportamiento medioambiental. Por lo tanto, es necesario tener en cuenta no sólo la salud espiritual de los estudiantes, sino también sus comportamientos éticos para promover conductas de protección del medio ambiente en el futuro.
Objetivo. Investigar a relação entre ética ambiental, saúde espiritual e comportamento ambiental entre estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos. Neste estudo transversal, 200 estudantes da Escola de Enfermagem de Chabahar (Irã) foram selecionados usando um método de amostragem aleatória simples. A ferramenta de coleta de dados incluiu um questionário sobre informações demográficas, conhecimento, atitudes e comportamentos em relação ao meio ambiente, ética ambiental e saúde espiritual. A modelagem de equações estruturais por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) foi usada para avaliar a estrutura conceitual deste estudo. Resultados. A pontuação média sobre ética ambiental entre os estudantes de enfermagem foi de 65.73±10.61 de um total de 100. 47% dos estudantes tinham uma ética ambiental desejável. A estrutura de conhecimento (0.46) previu a atitude. A estrutura da atitude também previu o comportamento ambiental (0.28) e a saúde espiritual (0.31). Por fim, os resultados mostraram que a saúde espiritual e a ética ambiental previram o comportamento ambiental direta e indiretamente (p<0.001). Conclusão. A saúde espiritual e a ética ambiental foram fortes preditores do comportamento ambiental. Portanto, é necessário considerar não apenas a saúde espiritual dos alunos, mas também seus comportamentos éticos, a fim de promover comportamentos de proteção ambiental no futuro.
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Humans , Students, Nursing , Behavior , Attitude , Conservation of Natural Resources , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Resumen: El neuromonitoreo intraoperatorio con electroencefalograma (EEG) y electroencefalograma procesado (pEEG) permite la evaluación de cambios en la actividad eléctrica cerebral generados por los anestésicos, además de prevenir eventos adversos como recuerdo intraoperatorio, sobredosis farmacológica, compromiso hemodinámico y/o neurológico, delirio y disfunción cognitiva postoperatoria. Sin embargo, la actividad eléctrica cortical puede estar modulada y ser afectada por alteraciones fisiopatológicas, independientemente del efecto de los fármacos anestésicos, por lo que, tanto el EEG como el pEEG pueden ser auxiliares en el diagnóstico oportuno de trastornos metabólicos, hipóxicos, supresión de la actividad eléctrica cerebral, estados epilépticos no convulsivos, hipertensión intracraneal, hipoperfusión o isquemia cerebral. El neuromonitoreo de rutina con el monitor disponible es recomendable con el fin de mejorar nuestra experiencia en su uso para una anestesia personalizada y de precisión, estableciendo estado de profundidad anestésica y dosis farmacológica óptima para el mantenimiento de los mecanismos implicados en la autorregulación de la perfusión cerebral, mejor comprensión de la fisiología, función cerebral y su interacción con los anestésicos e impacto hemodinámico del paciente neuroquirúrgico y no neuroquirúrgico, identificando signos precoces de posibles complicaciones derivadas del procedimiento o por efecto farmacológico y su rápida resolución.
Abstract: Intraoperative neuromonitoring with electroencephalogram (EEG) and processed electroencephalogram (pEEG) allows the evaluation of changes in brain electrical activity and unconsciousness generated by anesthetics, as well as preventing adverse events such as intraoperative recall, drug overdose, hemodynamic and/or neurological compromise, delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. However, cortical electrical activity can be modulated and affected by pathophysiological alterations, independently of the effect of anesthetic drugs, both EEG and pEEG can be helpful in the timely diagnosis of metabolic, hypoxic, and suppression of electrical activity disorders brain, non-convulsive status epilepticus, intracranial hypertension, hypoperfusion or cerebral ischemia. Routine neuromonitoring with the available monitor is recommended in order to improve our experience in order to achieve a patient personalized and precise anesthesia level, arriving to an optimal dose for the maintenance of the mechanisms involved in the autoregulation of cerebral perfusion, understanding brain physiology, function as well as its interaction with drugs and hemodynamic impact to neurosurgical and non-neurosurgical patients, identifying early signs of possible complications derived from the procedure or due to pharmacological effect and their rapid resolution.
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BACKGROUND:Swimming is an important non-pharmacological treatment for knee osteoarthritis,which can effectively alleviate the disease.However,the effect and mechanism of swimming on senile knee osteoarthritis are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of swimming exercise on the articular cartilage of aged mice with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Six 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were selected as the young group,and twelve 18-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into the aged group and the swimming group,with six mice in each group.Mice in the swimming group received adaptive swimming for 1 week and formal swimming for 8 weeks.After the intervention,stride length analysis and sampling were performed in each group.The total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood was detected by blood routine examinations.The morphology of the articular cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining.Chondrocyte counts and the modified Mankin's score were used to evaluate the degree of articular cartilage damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of type Ⅱ collagen,aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase 13 in articular cartilage were detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the young group,the mice in the aged group showed significantly decreased stride length(P<0.05),significantly increased numbers of peripheral leukocytes and lymphocytes(P<0.05),significantly decreased count of chondrocytes(P<0.05),significantly increased modified Mankin's score(P<0.05),significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and aggreca(P<0.05),and significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression(P<0.05).Moreover,hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining showed the uneven surface of the articular cartilage,abnormal chondrocytes,and proteoglycan loss in the aged group.Compared with the aged group,swimming exercise significantly improved the stride length of mice(P<0.05),decreased the count of peripheral blood lymphocytes(P<0.05),increased the count of chondrocytes(P<0.05),decreased the modified Mankin's score(P<0.05),increased the protein and mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and aggrecan(P<0.05),and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining showed that the articular surface of mice in the swimming group was smooth,chondrocytes were normal,and proteoglycan loss was less.All these findings indicate that swimming exercise can reduce the number of inflammatory cells in the blood of aged mice,improve articular chondrocytes,matrix composition and cartilage tissue morphology;thus,it has a protective effect on the cartilage of aged mice with knee osteoarthritis.