Nutrición enteral en pacientes críticos con COVID-19 ventilados en decúbito prono

Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 desde el 2020 generó innumerables desafíos. El decúbito prono se utilizó para mejorar la oxigenación, y la terapia nutricional se adaptó para cubrir los requerimientos y reducir complicaciones. Objetivos: evaluar la tolerancia de la nutrición enteral y su adecuación energética en pacientes ventilados en decúbito prono con infección por SARS-CoV-2, en sala respiratoria del Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Adultos del Hospital de Clínicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción, de marzo a julio 2021. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, de casos consecutivos, con información obtenida de fichas de pacientes de terapia intensiva, que recibieron soporte nutricional en posición prona. Se tomaron datos demográficos, clínicos y nutricionales. Se evaluó la tolerancia nutricional durante la posición prona, definiéndola como la presencia de un volumen de residuo gástrico < 500 mL cada 6 h.. La adecuación energética fue determinada teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje cumplido de la prescripción nutricional. Resultados: se reclutaron 41 pacientes. El 60,9 % eran hombres; la mediana de edad fue 55 años (RIC=23). Las principales comorbilidades fueron obesidad (57,3 %) e hipertensión arterial (43,9 %). El 85,4 % presentó buena tolerancia gástrica en posición prono, con residuo gástrico menor a 500 ml. El porcentaje de adecuación energética fue de 84 %. Conclusión: la terapia nutricional enteral en decúbito prono fue bien tolerada por la mayoría de nuestros pacientes, posibilitando alcanzar los requerimientos nutricionales indicados.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 since 2020 has generated countless challenges. Prone position was used to improve oxygenation, and nutritional therapy was adapted to meet requirements and reduce complications. Objectives: evaluate the tolerance of enteral nutrition and its energetic adequacy in ventilated patients in the prone position with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the respiratory room of the Adult Intensive Care Department of the Hospital de Clínicas - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción, from March to July 2021. Methodology: observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of consecutive cases, with information obtained from records of intensive care patients, who received nutritional support in a prone position. Demographic, clinical and nutritional data were taken. Nutritional tolerance was evaluated during the prone position, defining it as the presence of a volume of gastric residue < 500 mL every 6 h. Energy adequacy was determined taking into account the percentage fulfilled of the nutritional prescription. Results: 41 patients were recruited. 60.9 % were men; the median age was 55 years (IQR=23). The main comorbidities were obesity (57.3 %) and high blood pressure (43.9 %). 85.4 % had good gastric tolerance in the prone position, with gastric residue less than 500 ml. The percentage of energy adequacy was 84 %. Conclusion: enteral nutritional therapy in the prone position was well tolerated by the majority of our patients, making it possible to achieve the indicated nutritional requirements.

Ethylene oxide residue detection method based on multi-component medical devices / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish a stable and reliable method for the determination of ethylene oxide residue,and to analyze ethylene oxide residue in multi components made of different materials involved in some medical devices,so as to provide references for sample selection and ethylene oxide residue detection of multi-component medical device kits.Methods A method for the determination of ethylene oxide residue of multi-component medical devices was developed using headspace-gas chromatography and DB-WAX column under the conditions of headspace extraction with equilibration at 80℃ for 20 min,and the weighing mass,linearity,limit of detection,limit of quantification,precision and recovery of the method were determined.Trials of the method were carried out on the items undergoing ethylene oxide sterilization,including disposable perineal care kit,disposable gynecological examination kit,disposable suture dressing kit,disposable debridement kit and the components contacting human body in the disposable dialysis kit,and the abilities of different materials of the components were analyzed in absorbing,retaining and releasing ethylene oxide.Results The method showed high linearity(r=0.999 8)in the range of ethylene oxide mass concentration from 0.4 to 16.0 μg/mL with a weighing mass of 1.00 g,which had the limit of detection being 0.11 μg/mL,the limit of quantification being 0.37 μg/mL and the relative standard deviations(RSDs)for the precision from 0.35％to 1.52％.The average recoveries of different spiked amounts of ethylene oxide in the three blank matrices ranged from 92.68％to 101.42％with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)from 2.46％to 7.59％,which all satisfied the detection requirements.The components made of rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer(ABS)in multi-component medical device kits had the highest ethylene oxide residues,followed by the components made of wood,degreased cotton,polypropylene and polystyrene.Conclusion The method proposed gains advantages in easy operation and high specificity,quantification and reproducibility,which can be used for the determination of ethylene oxide residue in the multi-component medical device kit undergoing ethylene oxide sterilization.References are provided for sample selection of multi-component medical devices.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):56-61]

Evidence summary for prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To select and obtain relevant evidence on the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, so as to form the best summary of evidence.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence model system, we searched the domestic and foreign evidence-based databases, relevant guide websites, and association websites for all literature on the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, including clinical decisions, guidelines, best practice information books, evidence summaries, systematic evaluations, and expert consensus. The search period was from January 1, 2013 to June 8, 2023.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, 5 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensuses. A total of 20 pieces of best evidence were collected, mainly involving 6 aspects of feeding management, placement of gastric tube, position management, gastric residue monitoring, gastric residue treatment, intervening measure.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence for the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical management of gastric retention and promote the establishment of enteral nutrition in premature infants.

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Quality Control of Chinese Medicines： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In the quality control of Chinese medicine， the detection of active components and toxic and harmful components are two important links. Although conventional methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry can accurately quantify the above substances， they have shortcomings such as complicated operation， high costs， inability of detection at any time， difficult detection of insoluble and macromolecular substances. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） can adsorb antigens or antibodies on the surface of solid carriers and realize qualitative or quantitative analysis of targets by using the specific reactions of antigens and antibodies. This method is praised for the simple operation， high sensitivity， strong specificity， simple requirements for experimental equipment， a wide application range， and low costs. In recent years， ELISA has been widely used in the quality control of Chinese medicine， especially in the content determination of mycotoxins represented by aflatoxin and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active components. ELISA plays an increasingly important role with its unique advantages， providing new methods and ideas for the rapid quality examination of large quantities of Chinese medicines. This paper reviews the research progress in ELISA for the quality control of Chinese medicine in recent years and prospects its technical development and application prospects， aiming to provide reference and research ideas for further using this method to ensure the quality， safety， and controllability of Chinese medicine.

The antagonistic activity of the synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and pineapple residue FOS against pathogenic bacteria

Abstract Fructooligosaccharide is used widely in many foods and pharmaceutical industries and produced by using different ways such as extracting it from plants or producing it by using plants and microorganisms enzymes. In a previous study, we extracted Fructosyltransferase (Ftase) enzyme from pineapple residue and produced FOS. In this study, we measured the antagonistic activity of two synbiotics, the first synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and the produced FOS, the second synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and standard FOS, against pathogenic bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and B cereus). The results showed that the antagonistic activity of both synbiotic types was very close, as there were no significant differences between them except in the antagonistic activity against S. aureus, there was a significant difference between the synbiotic containing the standard FOS, which was the highest in its antagonistic activity compared to the synbiotic containing the produced FOS in this study. The activity of the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) extracted from pineapple residue was evident in enhancing the activity of the probiotic bacteria (L. acidophilus), which had a major role in the production of acids and compounds that inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. The diameters of inhibition areas in the current study ranged between 19.33-28 mm, and E. coli was more susceptible to inhibition, followed by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. cereus, respectively.

Resumo O fruto-oligossacarídeo (FOS) é amplamente utilizado em muitos alimentos e indústrias farmacêuticas, e é produzido por meio de diferentes maneiras, como extraí-lo de plantas ou produzi-lo usando enzimas de plantas e microrganismos. Em um estudo anterior, extraímos a enzima frutosiltransferase (Ftase) do resíduo de abacaxi e produzimos FOS. Neste estudo, medimos a atividade antagônica de dois simbióticos: o primeiro simbiótico contendo Lactobacillus acidophilus e o FOS produzido, e o segundo simbiótico contendo Lactobacillus acidophilus e o FOS padrão, contra bactérias patogênicas (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus e B. cereus). Os resultados mostraram que a atividade antagônica de ambos os tipos simbióticos foi muito próxima, pois não houve diferenças significativas entre eles, exceto na atividade antagônica contra S. aureus, em que houve uma diferença significativa entre o simbiótico contendo o FOS padrão, que foi o mais alto em sua atividade antagônica, em comparação com o simbiótico contendo o FOS produzido neste estudo. A atividade do fruto-oligossacarídeo (FOS) extraído do resíduo de abacaxi ficou evidente no aumento da atividade da bactéria probiótica (L. acidophilus), que teve papel importante na produção de ácidos e compostos inibidores das bactérias patogênicas. Os diâmetros das áreas de inibição no estudo atual variaram entre 19,33 e 28 mm, e E. coli foi mais suscetível à inibição, seguida por S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e B. cereus, respectivamente.

The antagonistic activity of the synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and pineapple residue FOS against pathogenic bacteria / A atividade antagônica do simbiótico contendo Lactobacillus acidophilus e resíduo de abacaxi FOS contra bactérias patogênicas

Fructooligosaccharide is used widely in many foods and pharmaceutical industries and produced by using different ways such as extracting it from plants or producing it by using plants and microorganisms' enzymes. In a previous study, we extracted Fructosyltransferase (Ftase) enzyme from pineapple residue and produced FOS. In this study, we measured the antagonistic activity of two synbiotics, the first synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and the produced FOS, the second synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and standard FOS, against pathogenic bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and B cereus). The results showed that the antagonistic activity of both synbiotic types was very close, as there were no significant differences between them except in the antagonistic activity against S. aureus, there was a significant difference between the synbiotic containing the standard FOS, which was the highest in its antagonistic activity compared to the synbiotic containing the produced FOS in this study. The activity of the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) extracted from pineapple residue was evident in enhancing the activity of the probiotic bacteria (L. acidophilus), which had a major role in the production of acids and compounds that inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. The diameters of inhibition areas in the current study ranged between 19.33-28 mm, and E. coli was more susceptible to inhibition, followed by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. cereus, respectively.

O fruto-oligossacarídeo (FOS) é amplamente utilizado em muitos alimentos e indústrias farmacêuticas, e é produzido por meio de diferentes maneiras, como extraí-lo de plantas ou produzi-lo usando enzimas de plantas e microrganismos. Em um estudo anterior, extraímos a enzima frutosiltransferase (Ftase) do resíduo de abacaxi e produzimos FOS. Neste estudo, medimos a atividade antagônica de dois simbióticos: o primeiro simbiótico contendo Lactobacillus acidophilus e o FOS produzido, e o segundo simbiótico contendo Lactobacillus acidophilus e o FOS padrão, contra bactérias patogênicas (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus e B. cereus). Os resultados mostraram que a atividade antagônica de ambos os tipos simbióticos foi muito próxima, pois não houve diferenças significativas entre eles, exceto na atividade antagônica contra S. aureus, em que houve uma diferença significativa entre o simbiótico contendo o FOS padrão, que foi o mais alto em sua atividade antagônica, em comparação com o simbiótico contendo o FOS produzido neste estudo. A atividade do fruto-oligossacarídeo (FOS) extraído do resíduo de abacaxi ficou evidente no aumento da atividade da bactéria probiótica (L. acidophilus), que teve papel importante na produção de ácidos e compostos inibidores das bactérias patogênicas. Os diâmetros das áreas de inibição no estudo atual variaram entre 19,33 e 28 mm, e E. coli foi mais suscetível à inibição, seguida por S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e B. cereus, respectivamente.

Inorganic contamination in roadkill birds in Northeast Brazil / Contaminação inorgânica em aves atropeladas no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Wildlife roadkill surveys in Brazil often focus on birds, as they are one of the main groups affected by road accidents. In addition roadkill, anthropogenic litter also contributes to a significant number of bird fatalities every year. The present study aimed to investigate the stomach contents and possible contamination by inorganic material of birds killed on a federal highway that crosses the Serra de Itabaiana National Park in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Monitoring and data collection were carried out from January to June 2022, with a motorcycle at an average speed of 60 km/h. The collected animals were transported to the Institute of Technology and Research, located at the Tiradentes University, Sergipe, Brazil, and a plastic material was identified. The plastic material found was subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which showed a similar wavenumber to a polymer in the polypropylene chain, very common in plastic packaging. The presence of plastics and metals in the intestinal contents of Caracara plancus and Crotophaga ani is noteworthy, as they have a greater tendency to ingest plastics due to their generalist diet. Plastic contamination in Progne chalybea and Nyctidromus albicollis probably occurred through bioaccumulation, from the consumption of insects contaminated by microplastics.

Resumo As pesquisas sobre atropelamentos de animais silvestres no Brasil geralmente se concentram nas aves, pois elas são um dos principais grupos afetados por acidentes rodoviários. Além dos atropelamentos, o lixo antropogênico também contribui para um número significativo de mortes de aves todos os anos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o conteúdo estomacal e possível contaminação por material inorgânico de aves atropeladas em uma rodovia federal que atravessa o Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana, no estado de Sergipe, Brasil. O monitoramento e a coleta de dados foram realizados no período de janeiro a junho de 2022, com uma motocicleta a uma velocidade média de 60 km/h. Os animais coletados foram transportados para o Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa situado na Universidade Tiradentes, Sergipe, Brasil, onde foi identificado um material plástico. O material plástico encontrado foi submetido à espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), que mostrou número de onda semelhante a um polímero da cadeia do polipropileno, muito comum em embalagens plásticas. Chama a atenção a presença de plásticos e metais no conteúdo intestinal de Caracara plancus e Crotophaga ani, pois apresentam maior tendência à ingestão de plásticos devido à dieta generalista. A contaminação plástica em Progne chalybea e Nyctidromus albicollis provavelmente ocorreu por bioacumulação, a partir do consumo de insetos contaminados por microplásticos.

Effect of Tillage, Crop Residue Management and Nutrient Levels on Energetics, Microbial Growth, Dehydrogenase Activity, Weed Parameters, Quality Parameters and Soil Physico-Chemical Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.)

The field experiment on “Effect of tillage, crop residue management and nutrient levels on energetics, microbial growth, dehydrogenase activity, weed parameters, quality parameters and soil physico-chemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted during rabi season of 2022-23 at Maize Research Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations laid out in a split–plot design with three replications. The main–plot treatments included four different tillage practices:M1-Conventional tillage (Plough + Cultivator + Rotovator), M2-Residue incorporation (After 10 days of spreading the haulms, only rotovator was run), M3- Residue incorporation (After spreading the haulms, microbial consortium was sprayed and after 10 days only rotovator was run) and M4- Zero-tillage (Only microbial consortium was sprayed on the haulms). Sub–plot treatments included three nutrient levels: N1- 100% RDF (240-80-80 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), N2: 100% RDN & P and 50% RDK (240-80-40 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), and N3: 87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK (210-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1). Results revealed that, among the tillage practices, residue incorporation (M3) had recorded significantly higher total microbial population, dehydrogenase activity and post-harvest soil available NPK of maize and lowest weed density and weed dry matter and it was on par with zero-tillage (M4) whereas all the parameters were significantly lower in conventional tillage (M1). However, Energy indices viz., energy use efficiency, specific energy, net energy, energy productivity, energy intensiveness was found to be the best in M1 -conventional tillage. Among the different nutrient levels, N1 (100% RDF) had shown significantly higher total microbial population, dehydrogenase activity and post-harvest soil available NPK of maize. Energy indices viz., energy use efficiency, specific energy, net energy and energy productivity was found to be the best in N1- 100% RDF. Whereas energy intensiveness was found to be best with N3- 87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK. However, energy indices like energy use efficiency, energy productivity and energy intensiveness indicated non-significant effect of different nutrient levels. Tillage as well as nutrient levels did not exert any significant effect on moisture content and bulk density at sowing, tasselling & silking and at harvest stages. Similar results were followed with quality parameters. The interaction effect due to tillage and nutrient levels on soil microbial studies, enzymatic activity, weed parameters, quality parameters, soil physico-chemical parameters, and energy indices was found non- significant.

Physico-chemical Characterization of Biochar from Different Biomass Materials

Aim: To conduct the physico-chemical analysis of biochar derived from various organic residues, an examination of the physical characteristics including bulk density, water retention capacity, and the chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, as well as the concentration of macro and micro nutrients were evaluated.Study Design: Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications.Place and Duration of Study: The investigation was conducted at Integrated Farming System Research, Karamana, Kerala Agricultural University during 2021-2023.Methods: Organic residues from different sources were converted into biochar utilizing a double barrel Biochar Kiln, and subsequently, the biochars were analyzed in a Soil and Plant Analysis laboratory to determine their physical and chemical properties.Result: Physio-chemical properties of biochar vary significantly with the choice of feedstock material. Banana pseudostem biochar reported the lowest bulk density (0.21 Mg m-3) and highest water holding capacity (327.74%). All the biochar produced were alkaline in nature, and they contained high cation exchange capacity ranging between 9.34 to 14.10cmol (+) kg-1. Macro and micro nutrient contents were comparatively higher in Limnocharis flava biochar and Banana pseudostem biochar.Conclusion: Organic residues can be successfully converted to biochar and results obtained show the suitability of application of produced biochar as a soil amendment.

Tillage and Crop Residue Management on Weed Dynamics and Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice

A field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of tillage and residue management on weed dynamics and productivity of direct seeded rice with four tillage systems; Conventional tillage in rice and wheat, Zero tillage in rice and wheat and two rotational tillage sequences that alternated between Conventional tillage and Zero tillage whereas four residue management practices; residue applied in both season, residue applied in kharif season only, residue applied in rabi season only and without residue in both season. The experiment was carried out at research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Results revealed that in direct seeded rice having highest grain yield (10%), straw yield (8%) and yield attributes (10-15%) as well as lesser weed density and weed dry matter found under Conventional tillage during both the seasons of experiment but performance of zero tillage was slightly better (3-4%) in second year as compared to all treatments. Whereas surface retention of residue @5 tonne/ha was significantly more effective in controlling different category of weeds, it decreased up to 60-75% weed population, resulting increment in grain yield up to 19% and 23% during first and second year, respectively, as compared to plot receiving no residue.

Effect of Tillage, Crop Residue Management and Nutrient Levels on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A field study was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Maize Research Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations laid out in a split–plot design with three replications. The main–plot treatments included four different tillage practices:M1-Conventional tillage (Plough + Cultivator + Rotovator), M2-Residue incorporation (After 10 days of spreading the haulms, only rotovator was run), M3- Residue incorporation (After spreading the haulms, microbial consortium was sprayed and after 10 days only rotovator was run) and M4- Zero-tillage (only microbial consortium was sprayed on the haulms). Sub–plot treatments included three nutrient levels: N1- 100% RDF (240-80-80 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), N2: 100% RDN & P and 50% RDK (240-80-40 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), and N3: 87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK (210-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1). Results revealed that, among the tillage practices, residue incorporation (M3) had recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, leaf area, dry matter production and chlorophyll content (SPAD) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest stages and yield of maize and it was on par with zero-tillage (M4) whereas all the parameters were significantly lower in conventional tillage (M1). Among the different nutrient levels, N1(100% RDF) had shown significantly superior performance in terms of growth attributes and yield of maize and it was on par with N2 (100% RDN & P and 50% RDK) whereas N3(87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK) recorded significantly lower growth attributes and yield of maize .The interaction effect due to tillage and nutrient levels on plant height, leaf area, dry matter production, chlorophyll content (SPAD) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest and yield was non- significant.

Influence on Crop Health and Yields as Affected by Soil Organic Matter and Crop Residue Management: An Overview

For growth of plants and crop productivity, soil is a crucial component. However, just a very small portion of the soil is genuinely fertile for farming these days, and if we managed it incorrectly, it could be depleted. It has been demonstrated that organic nutrients increase crop production, quality, and yield, which in turn improves the quality as well as richness of the soil's characteristics and creates a more favorable environment for the soil's beneficial microorganisms. According to reports, organic carbon in the soil and soil matter are the most significant indicators of soil quality and soil health. They are also advantageous for the sustainability of agriculture. Crop residue can be used effectively to improve soil quality and increase or maintain SOM's physical and chemical qualities.

Unraveling the Potential of Household Electrolytes on Extricating Imidacloprid Residues from Tomatoes: Toxicity Assessment

Farmers that cultivate tomatoes use imidacloprid to combat sucking bugs even while the fruits are being harvested so that they can maintain a five- to six-time harvest. Decontaminating tomato fruits before eating is absolutely necessary due to the insecticide's slow dissipation rate and the fact that residues last in vegetables for 15–25 days. The quality of fruit has been compromised and cannot be used in salads, despite the fact that various heat procedures are effective in removing imidacloprid residue. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of common electrolytes, namely NaCl and NaHCO3, and their combinations, on imidacloprid removal from tomato fruits. Fruits and washing solutions were extracted for imidacloprid residue and determined using the UFLC-PDA besides optimizing the concentration and period of decontamination or washing without dietary risk. Results indicates that the washing of the fruits with NaCl @ 1, 2 and 3% solutions for 10 minutes are efficient (98-100% removal) in decontaminating to below hazard quotient when sprayed with recommended 20 g ai/ha. Whereas, the NaHCO3 or its combination with NaCl 1% for 10 minutes was found to be efficient (92-100%) in decontaminating the fruits when sprayed with 40 g ai/ha. Increasing the decontamination period beyond 10 minutes increased the residue load on fruits to above hazard quotient and was above 1.0 when NaCl was used. Study suggests the washing of tomato fruits with 2%NaHCO3 or 1%NaCl+2% NaHCO3 for 10 minutes is the efficient decontamination way and to ensure safety to the consumers.

Influence of Different Tillage and Nutrient Management Practices on Growth Performance of Direct Seeded Rice

The experiment entitled “Impact of different tillage and nutrient management strategies on productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted in an ongoing trial at the Agronomical Research Farm (plot no. 5) of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi (RPCAU, Pusa) during Kharif 2019. The experiment was laid out in a ‘split-plot design’ with tillage practices under main plot treatments and nutrient management practices as subplot treatments. The results revealed that both tillage and nutrient management practices significantly influenced all the growth parameters of rice. Significantly higher plant height, no. of tillers/m2, dry matter production and superior CGR at all the stages of crop growth were recorded in Zero tillage + Residue management over conventional tillage among tillage practices which was statistically at par with Zero tillage and in SSNM based on Nutrient expert over RDF among nutrient management treatments which was statistically at par with 60 % RDN + GSGN + 100% PK of RDF. Zero tillage + Residue management and Zero tillage increased the grain yield of direct seeded rice to the tune of 14.03 and 10.15 per cent over Conventional tillage, respectively. While SSNM based on Nutrient expert and 60 % RDN + GSGN + 100% PK of RDF increased grain yield of direct seeded rice to the tune of 14.91 and 12.07 per cent over RDF, respectively.

Potencial de mineralización de nitrógeno en suelos con aplicación de cáscara de semilla de girasol / Potential nitrogen mineralization in soils with sunflower seed husk application

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial de mineralización de nitrógeno (N) de suelos contrastantes luego del aporte de diferentes dosis de cascaras de semillas de girasol (CG) (Helianthus annuus L.), residuo abundante del sudoeste bonaerense (SOB). Se realizaron incubaciones aeróbicas de largo plazo (37 semanas), utilizando tres suelos diferentes (0-20 cm) y distintas dosis de CG calculadas con base en su contenido de N orgánico: 100 (D1), 200 (D2) y 400 (D3) kg N ha-1. Los suelos contrastaron en el contenido de fracciones granulométricas (S1: arena 509 g kg-1; limo 320 g kg-1 y arcilla 171 g kg-1; S2: arena 351 g kg-1; limo 448 g kg-1 y arcilla 201 g kg-1; S3: arena 827 g kg-1, limo 107 g kg-1 y arcilla 66 g kg-1). Las características químicas de CG: conductividad eléctrica= 1,6 dS m-1; pH= 5,6; materia orgánica (MO) = 958 g kg-1; N total= 7,8 g kg-1, relación C:N= 79. Los suelos demostraron diferencias significativas en el N potencialmente mineralizable (N0) con valores que fueron S1>S2>S3, al igual que en la tasa de mineralización (k) (S1 y S3= 0,0036 semana-1, S2=0,0056 semana-1). Se halló una interacción significativa en los aportes de CG y suelos, por lo que se analizó la incorporación en cada suelo. Cuando se aplicó CG, se observó una respuesta positiva sobre S3 con D1 y D2. Para S1 y S2, la aplicación de CG no aumentó el N0, aunque tampoco produjo un detrimento. La dinámica de la mineralización de N acumulada demostró efectos diferentes al aporte de CG con respecto al tipo de suelo. El aporte de CG al suelo incrementó el potencial de mineralización de N en el suelo arenoso-franco, sin disminuir el potencial en los suelos restantes, por lo que podría ser utilizada como enmienda orgánica bajo estas condiciones.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential nitrogen (N) mineralization of contrasting soils after the addition of different sunflower seed hulls (CG) (Helianthus annuus L.) doses, an abundant residue of the southwest of Buenos Aires Province (SOB). Long-term aerobic incubations (37 weeks) were performed, using three different soils (0-20 cm) and various CG levels based on their organic N content: 100 (D1), 200 (D2) and 400 (D3) kg N ha-1. Soils differs in granulometric fractions (S1: sand 509 g kg-1; silt 320 g kg-1 and clay 171 g kg-1; S2: sand 351 g kg-1; silt 448 g kg-1 and clay 201 g kg-1; S3: sand 827 g kg-1, silt 107 g kg-1 and clay 66 g kg-1). The CG chemical characteristics: electrical conductivity= 1.6 dS m-1; pH= 5.6; organic matter (MO) = 958 g kg-1; total N= 7.8 g kg-1, C:N ratio = 79. Significant differences were found in potentially mineralizable N (N0) for three soils, whose values were S1>S2>S3; as well as in the mineralization rate (k) (S1 and S3= 0.0036 week-1, S2=0.0056 week-1). Significant interaction was found with the CG contribution and soils, so the contribution was analyzed for each soil. When GC was applied, a positive response was observed on S3 with D1 and D2. For S1 and S2, the application of GC did not increase the potential for N mineralization, however, it had not a detrimental effect on the potential. Dynamics of accumulated N mineralization showed different effects of CG addition with respect to soil type. The CG addition to soil increased the potential N mineralization in the sandy-loam soil, without reducing the potential in the remaining soils, which is why it could be used as an organic amendment under these conditions.

Addition of grape marc improves the silage of aerial parts of cassava plant / La adición de orujo mejora el ensilaje de las partes aéreas de la planta de yuca / A adição de bagaço de uva melhora a silagem da parte aérea da mandioca

Abstract Background: Although it is possible to preserve the aerial part of cassava in the form of silage, as demonstrated in previous studies, its low dry matter content can result in undesirable fermentation and increased effluent losses during silage, leading to a reduction in the final quality of the silage. A possible way to get around this problem would consist in mixing this silage with dehydrated by-products from the agroindustry. Objective: To evaluate the addition of dehydrated grape marc (DGM) to a silage of aerial parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the chemical composition, degradability and in vitro gas production of silage. Methods: A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments: (I) silage of the aerial part of cassava without additive; (II) silage of the aerial part of cassava added with 10% dehydrated grape marc (DGM) in the natural matter, as an additive. After 30 days of fermentation, silages were evaluated to estimate the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), as well as pH, in vitro degradability, and cumulative gas production by semi-automatic in vitro gas production. Results: Addition of DGM did not affect CP, EE, NDF, nor TDN levels in silage. The DGM, however, promoted an increase in DM content (32.61 vs 30.31%) and a reduction in pH (4.00 vs 4.75) of the silage. The silage that received DGM presented higher degradability coefficients of soluble and potentially degradable fractions, which led to higher values of potential and effective degradability. Similarly, DGM promoted a reduction in particle colonization time (6.74 vs 10.01 h) and increased cumulative gas production (62.03 vs 57.82 mL/g DM). Conclusion: Addition of 10% dehydrated grape marc in the silage of aerial parts of cassava can be useful to reduce pH and increase dry matter contents of the silage.

Resumen Antecedentes: Si bien es posible preservar la parte aérea de la yuca en forma de ensilaje, como se demostró en estudios anteriores, el bajo contenido de materia seca puede resultar en fermentaciones indeseables y mayores pérdidas de efluentes durante el ensilaje, levando a una reducción en la calidad final del ensilaje. Una de las formas de solucionar este problema sería el ensilaje mixto de la parte aérea de la yuca con subproductos deshidratados de la agroindustria. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la adición de bagazo de uva deshidratado (BUD) a la parte aérea del ensilaje de yuca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) sobre la composición química, degradabilidad y producción de gas in vitro del ensilado. Métodos: El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos consistieron en: (I) ensilado de brotes de yuca sin aditivos; (II) ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca con 10% de BUD en materia natural, como aditivo. Luego de 30 días de fermentación, los ensilajes fueron evaluados para materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), extracto de éter (EE), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT), pH, degradabilidad in vitro y producción acumulada de gas mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro semiautomática. Resultados: La adición de BUD no cambió los contenidos de PB, EE, FDN y NDT del ensilaje. Sin embargo, BUD promovió un aumento en el contenido de MS (32,61 vs 30,31%) y una reducción en el pH (4,00 vs 4,75) del ensilaje. El ensilado que recibió la BUD mostró mayores coeficientes de degradabilidad de las fracciones solubles y potencialmente degradables, lo que resultó en mayores valores de degradabilidad potencial y efectiva. De manera similar, BUD promovió una reducción en el tiempo de colonización de partículas (6,74 vs 10,01 h) y un aumento en la producción acumulada de gas (62,03 vs 57,82 mL/g MS). Conclusiones: La adición de 10% de bagazo de uva deshidratado al ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca puede ser útil para reducir el pH y aumentar el contenido de materia seca del ensilaje.

Resumo Antecedentes: Embora seja possível preservar a parte aérea da mandioca na forma de silagem, conforme demonstrado em estudos anteriores o baixo teor de matéria seca, pode resultar em fermentação indesejável e aumento das perdas de efluentes durante a silagem, levando à redução da qualidade final da silagem. Uma das formas de contornar esse problema seria a silagem mista da parte aérea da mandioca com subprodutos desidratados da agroindústria. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da adição do bagaço desidratado de uva (BDU) na ensilagem da parte aérea de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) sobre a composição química, degradabilidade e produção de gases in vitro da silagem. Métodos: O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos constituíram-se por: (I) silagem da parte aérea da mandioca sem aditivo; (II) silagem da parte aérea da mandioca com 10% de bagaço desidratado de uva (BDU) na matéria natural, como aditivo. Após 30 dias de fermentação, as silagens foram avaliadas quanto aos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), pH, degradabilidade in vitro e produção cumulativa de gases por meio da técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. Resultados: A adição do BDU não alterou os teores de PB, EE, FDN e NDT da silagem. No entanto, o BDU promoveu aumento no teor de MS (32,61 vs 30,31%) e redução no pH (4,00 vs 4,75) da silagem. A silagem que recebeu o BDU apresentou maiores coeficientes de degradabilidade das frações solúvel e potencialmente degradável, o que acarretou em maiores valores de degradabilidade potencial e efetiva. Do mesmo modo, o BDU promoveu uma redução no tempo de colonização da partícula (6,74 vs 10,01 h) e um aumento na produção cumulativa de gás (62,03 vs 57,82 mL/g MS). Conclusões: A adição de 10% do bagaço desidratado de uva na silagem da parte aérea de mandioca pode ser útil para reduzir o pH e aumentar os teores de matéria seca da silagem.

Determination of antibiotic residues in chicken meat using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry / 预防医学

Objective@#To optimize the sample pretreatment and establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) assay based on the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode for determination of antibiotic residues in chicken meat.@*Methods@#Blank matrix-spiked chicken meat samples were extracted with 95% acetonitrile aqueous solution containing Na2EDTA and formic acid. The extraction solutions were cleaned up using different combinations of C18, PSA and GCB fillers, and the combinations with a higher antibiotic recovery rate was screened. The residues of 32 antibiotics were determined using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based on the PRM mode.@*Results@#If the extraction solution was cleaned up using the C18 filler, the largest number of antibiotics with a spiked recovery rate of >80% was seen, with matrix effects of 82.2% to 112.6%. The detection limits of 32 antibiotics were 0.8 to 5.8 μg/kg, with linear correlation coefficients of >0.99, spiked recovery rates of 71.3% to 111.5% and relative standard deviations of 3.2% to 14.2%.@*Conclusion@#The UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS assay is suitable for determination and quantitative analysis of multiple antibiotics in chicken meat. Key words： high-resolution mass spectrometry orbitrap antibiotic residue parallel reaction monitoring

Monitoring results of veterinary drug residues in chicken and eggs in Xinjiang in 2019 - 2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To know the residues of 13 veterinary drug residues in chicken and eggs foods in some areas in Xinjiang. Methods A total of 170 chicken and egg samples were randomly selected from supermarkets and farmers' markets in seven cities in Xinjiang. Eleven quinolone antibiotics, two tetracycline antibiotics, ribavirin and metronidazole were examined for veterinary drug residues using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) . Results The overall detection rate of veterinary drug residues in eggs and chicken were 20%（18/90）and11.25%（9/80）. The overall over-standard rate were 18.89%（17/90）and 0（0/80）. Veterinary drug residues in chicken are heavier than eggs. Veterinary drugs were detected and over-standarded in all seven cities in Xinjiang monitored. Conclusion The veterinary drug contamination in chicken and eggs in Xinjiang is relatively serious. It is recommended to strengthen the standardization of production and supervision to ensure food safety.

Development and verification of high performance liquidchromatography for determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt residue in NMM tumor DNA vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop and verify a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA-2Na) residues in the bulk of NMM tumor DNA vaccine for the quality control of DNA vaccine.Methods After NMM tumor DNA vaccine bulk was complexed with copper sulfate,a HPLC method for the determination of EDTA-2Na residues was developed with Agilent ZORBA XSB-C18(150 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) as the chromatographic column,water,tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 10% and acetonitrile solution(74.5:0.5:25)as the mobile phase.The detection method was as follows:the detection wavelength was 254 nm,the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min,the column temperature was 20 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 μL.The method was verified for the specificity,linear range,limit of detection(LOD),limit of quantification(LOQ),solution stability,durability,accuracy and precision,and used to detect the EDTA-2Na residues in several batches of DNA vaccine bulk.Results When EDTA-2Na control and DNA vaccine bulk with EDTA-2Na reacted with copper sulfate,the absorption peak appeared at around 5.3 min,while no absorption peak was observed when DNA vaccine bulk reacted with copper sulfate;In the range of 4～400 μg/mL,the control solution concentration showed a good linear relationship with the peak area,R~2=0.999 9;The LOD of the method was 10 ng/mL,and the LOQ was 40 ng/mL;The solution of control and sample was stable after placed for 12 h;When the detection conditions changed slightly(different mobile phase ratio,flow rate and column temperature),the influence on the detection results was within acceptable range;The average recovery rate of EDTA-2Na in low,medium and high concentration standard added samples was 101.38% with the RSD of 0.39%;0.1 mg/mL control solution was injected continuously for 6 times,and the peak area RSD was 0.04%.EDTA-2Na was not detected in 6 sample solution,and the peak area RSD of DNA vaccine bulk with EDTA-2Na solution was 0.02%,indicating a good intermediate precision.EDTA-2Na residue was not detected in these batches of DNA vaccine bulk.Conclusion The developed method is simple,accurate,reliable with good specificity,which can be used for the determi-nation of EDTA-2Na residues in DNA vaccine bulk.

Prokaryotic expression and activity detection of insulin-degrading enzyme mutant T142A / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To express insulin-degrading enzyme(IDE)mutant T142A in prokaryotic cells and detect its activity.Methods According to the results of multi-sequence alignment and IDE substrate co-crystal structure,an active residue in β6-strand structure of IDE were predicted.The recombinant plasmid ppSUMO-T142A,with the site mutation of threonine 142 to alanine,was constructed by point mutation technique and expressed by E.coli prokaryotic expression system.After purification by nickel ion column affinity chromatography,ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography,the mutant T142A was obtained and determined for the activity by fluorescence method.Results IDE amino acid sequence is highly conserved among 16 species.T142 directly participates in substrate binding,interacts with substrate cleavage sites,and is close to important structures such as catalytic active sites and door-subdomains.The mutation of recombinant plasmid ppSUMO-T142A was proved to be correct by sequencing.The expressed fusion protein His-SUMO-T142A was mainly existed in soluble form in the supernatant at a concentration of 18 mg/mL,with a relative molecular mass of about 131 000;After three steps of purification,the purity of mutant T142A reached 86%.The maximum reaction rate(V_(max))of T142A catalytic degradation of fluorescent substrate V was 501.06 min~(-1) and the Michaelis constant(K_m) was 9.01μmol/L.Compared with wild-type IDE(V_(max) was 2 814.32 min~(-1),K_m was 11.93μmol/L),the activity of T142A decreased significantly.Conclusion The activity of IDE mutant T142A expressed in this study greatly decreases,while T142 is an important residue for IDE to play its enzymatic function,which provides an experimental basis for the development of new IDE activity regulatory molecules.