Plantas medicinais da caatinga: uma revisão integrativa dos saberes etnobotânicos no semiárido nordestino / Medicinal plants from the caatinga: an integrative review of ethnobotanical knowledge in the northeastern semi- arid region / Plantas medicinales de la caatinga: una revisión integradora del conocimiento etnobotánico en la región semiárida nororiental

A vegetação da Caatinga é rica em uma diversidade de espécies vegetais utilizadas para satisfazer as necessidades humana. Muitas dessas espécies são utilizadas para fins terapêuticos por populações. As formas de uso dessas espécies podem ser registradas e resgatadas através de estudos etnobotânicos, os quais contribuem no levantamento das potencialidades dos recursos vegetais, bem como em planos de recuperação e conservação da vegetação. Assim, com base em uma revisão integrativa, o presente trabalho buscou copilar informações sobre como os trabalhos de etnobotânica das plantas medicinais estão sendo desenvolvidos, assim como a respeito das principais espécies e famílias botânicas de potencial medicinal descritas, em levantamentos realizados em áreas caatinga localizadas na região semiárida do Nordeste. Para isso, foram selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2022, que abordassem a temática relacionada. Foram considerados trabalhos publicados no formato de artigos originais, disponíveis de forma online, gratuito e completo, em língua portuguesa e inglesa. Esses artigos foram consultados em diferentes bases de dados. A análise integrativa evidenciou as características das publicações, como a concentração de estudos direcionados aos estados da Bahia, Paraíba e Pernambuco, bem como demonstrou uma rica diversidade de plantas medicinais que são utilizadas pela população no semiárido nordestino, destacando-se, principalmente, os saberes tradicionais sobre as suas formas de uso e propriedades terapêuticas.

The Caatinga vegetation is rich in a diversity of plant species used to satisfy human needs. Many of these species are used for therapeutic purposes by populations. The forms of use of these species can be registered and rescued through ethnobotanical studies, which contribute to the survey of the potential of plant resources, as well as plans for the recovery and conservation of vegetation. Thus, based on an integrative review, the present work sought to compile information on how ethnobotany works on medicinal plants are being developed, as well as on the main species and botanical families with medicinal potential described, in surveys carried out in caatinga areas located in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. For this, articles published between the years 2010 and 2022 that addressed the related theme were selected. Works published in the format of original articles, available online, free and complete, in Portuguese and English, were considered. These articles were consulted in different databases. The integrative analysis showed the characteristics of the publications, such as the concentration of studies directed to the states of Bahia, Paraíba and Pernambuco, as well as demonstrating a rich diversity of medicinal plants that are used by the population in the northeastern semi-arid region, highlighting, mainly, the knowledge traditional practices about their forms of use and therapeutic properties.

La vegetación de la Caatinga es rica en una diversidad de especies vegetales utilizadas para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Muchas de estas especies son utilizadas con fines terapéuticos por las poblaciones. Las formas de uso de estas especies pueden ser registradas y rescatadas a través de estudios etnobotánicos, que contribuyen al levantamiento del potencial de los recursos vegetales, así como a los planes de recuperación y conservación de la vegetación. Así, a partir de una revisión integradora, el presente trabajo buscó recopilar información sobre cómo se están desarrollando los trabajos etnobotánicos sobre plantas medicinales, así como sobre las principales especies y familias botánicas con potencial medicinal descritas, en relevamientos realizados en áreas de caatinga ubicadas en la región semiárida del Nordeste. Para ello, se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre los años 2010 y 2022 que abordaran la temática relacionada. Se consideraron trabajos publicados en formato de artículos originales, disponibles en línea, gratuitos y completos, en portugués e inglés. Estos artículos fueron consultados en diferentes bases de datos. El análisis integrador mostró las características de las publicaciones, como la concentración de estudios dirigidos a los estados de Bahía, Paraíba y Pernambuco, además de demostrar una rica diversidad de plantas medicinales que son utilizadas por la población de la región semiárida del nordeste, destacándose, principalmente, los conocimientos tradicionales sobre sus formas de uso y propiedades terapéuticas.

Efectos de las tecnologías educativas en la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera diabética: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Effects of educational technologies on the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de las tecnologías educativas en la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera diabética. Método: revisión sistemática realizada en siete bases de datos, un índice bibliográfico, una biblioteca electrónica y literatura gris. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados. La síntesis de los resultados fue descriptiva y mediante metaanálisis. Resultados: las tecnologías educativas predominantes fueron la capacitación y la orientación verbal, se destacaron las tecnologías blandas-duras. En comparación con la atención habitual, las tecnologías educativas demostraron ser un factor protector para prevenir la incidencia de úlcera diabética (RR=0,40; IC 95%=0,18-0,90; p=0,03) y la evaluación de certeza de evidencia fue baja. Las tecnologías educativas también demostraron ser un factor protector para prevenir la incidencia de amputación en miembros inferiores (RR=0,53; IC 95%=0,31-0,90; p=0,02) y la certeza de evidencia fue muy baja. Conclusión: tecnologías educativas blandas-duras, como orientación verbal estructurada, juegos educativos, clase expositiva, capacitación teórico-práctica, video educativo, folder, rotafolio educativo y dibujos lúdicos, y tecnologías duras, como calzado terapéutico, plantillas, termómetro infrarrojo digital, kits para el cuidado de los pies, aplicación de telemedicina y teléfono móvil, resultaron efectivas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la úlcera diabética, sin embargo, es necesario que se realicen estudios más robustos.

Objective: to analyze the effects of educational technologies in the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers. Method: a systematic review conducted in seven databases, a bibliographic index, an electronic library and the Gray Literature. The sample consisted of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials. The synthesis of the results was descriptive and through meta-analysis. Results: the predominant educational technologies were training sessions and verbal guidelines, with soft-hard technologies standing out. When compared to usual care, the educational technologies presented a protective factor to prevent the incidence of diabetic ulcers (RR=0.40; 95% CI=0.18-0.90; p=0.03) and the certainty of the evidence assessment was low. The educational technologies also had a protective factor to prevent the incidence of lower limb amputations (RR=0.53; 95% CI=0.31-0.90; p=0.02) and certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusion: soft-hard educational technologies such as structured verbal guidelines, educational games, lectures, theoretical-practical training sessions, educational videos, folders, serial albums and playful drawings, and hard technologies such as therapeutic footwear, insoles, infrared digital thermometer, foot care kits, Telemedicine app and mobile phone use, were effective for the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers, although more robust studies are required.

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética. Método: revisão sistemática conduzida em sete bases de dados, um índice bibliográfico, uma biblioteca eletrônica e na literatura cinzenta. A amostra foi constituída de 11 ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados. A síntese dos resultados foi descritiva e por meio de metanálise. Resultados: as tecnologias educativas predominantes foram os treinamentos e as orientações verbais, destacando-se as tecnologias leve-duras. Na comparação com o cuidado usual, as tecnologias educativas apresentaram fator de proteção para prevenção da incidência de úlcera diabética (RR=0,40; IC 95%=0,18-0,90; p=0,03) e a avaliação de certeza da evidência foi baixa. As tecnologias educativas também tiveram fator de proteção para prevenção da incidência de amputação em membros inferiores (RR=0,53; IC 95%=0,31-0,90; p=0,02) e a certeza da evidência foi muito baixa. Conclusão: as tecnologias educativas leve-duras, como orientações verbais estruturadas, jogos educativos, aula expositiva, treinamentos teórico-práticos, vídeo educativo, folder, álbum seriado e desenhos lúdicos, e as tecnologias duras, a exemplo do calçado terapêutico, palmilhas, termômetro digital de infravermelho, kits de cuidados com os pés, aplicativo de telemedicina e telefone móvel, foram efetivas para prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética, porém, estudos mais robustos são necessários.

Intervención educativa realizada por enfermeros para el control de la presión arterial: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis / Educational intervention performed by nurses for blood pressure control: a systematic review with meta-analysis / Intervenção educativa realizada por enfermeiros para controle da pressão arterial: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la intervención educativa que realizan los enfermeros para controlar la presión arterial en personas con hipertensión arterial, en comparación con los cuidados habituales. Método: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados realizada en seis bases de datos. Se incluyeron estudios en los cuales el enfermero llevó a cabo la intervención educativa en la persona con hipertensión arterial. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta Risk of Bias Tool, el metaanálisis se hizo utilizando el software Review Manager y la certeza de la evidencia se calculó usando el sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: se encontraron 1692 estudios revisados por pares y se incluyeron ocho artículos en el metaanálisis. El metaanálisis se calculó para el resultado presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica, subagrupados por tiempo y tipo de implementación de la intervención. Para la intervención educativa presencial, realizada d forma individual combinada con actividad grupal, la estimativa del efecto fue -12,41 mmHg (Intervalo de Confianza 95%, -16,91 a -7,91, p<0,00001) para la presión sistólica y -5,40 mmHg (Intervalo 95% Confianza, -7,98 a -2,82, p<0,0001) para la presión diastólica, con certeza de evidencia alta. Conclusión: a intervención educativa realizada por el enfermero, de forma individual combinada con la actividad grupal, tiene efecto clínico y estadísticamente significativo. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021282707.

Objetivo: to assess the effect of an educational intervention performed by nurses for blood pressure control in people with arterial hypertension, when compared to usual care. Método: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, conducted in six databases. The studies included were those in which an educational intervention was performed by nurses on people with arterial hypertension. The risk of bias was assessed by means of the Risk of Bias Tool, the meta-analysis was performed in the Review Manager software and certainty of the evidence was calculated in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Resultados: a total of 1,692 studies were found, which were peer-reviewed, including eight of them in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was calculated for the "systolic blood pressure" and diastolic blood pressure" outcomes, in subgroups by time and by intervention performance type. For the in-person educational intervention, performed individually combined with a group activity, the effect estimate was -12.41 mmHg (95% Confidence Interval: from -16.91 to -7.91, p<0,00001) for systolic pressure and -5.40 mmHg (95% Confidence Interval: from -7.98 to -2.82, p<0,00001) for diastolic pressure, with high certainty of evidence. Conclusión: the educational intervention performed by nurses, individually and combined with a group activity, presents a statistically significant clinical effect. PROSPERO registration No.: CRD42021282707.

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da intervenção educativa realizada por enfermeiros para controle da pressão arterial em pessoas com hipertensão arterial, comparada com cuidado habitual. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados realizada em seis bases de dados. Foram incluídos estudos em que a intervenção educativa foi realizada pelo enfermeiro à pessoa com hipertensão arterial. O risco de viés foi avaliado pela Risk of Bias Tool, a metanálise no software Review Manager e a certeza da evidência no sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: foram encontrados 1692 estudos, revisados por pares, e oito artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. A metanálise foi calculada para o desfecho pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica, em subgrupo por tempo e por tipo de execução da intervenção. Para a intervenção educativa presencial, realizada de modo individual combinada com atividade de grupo, a estimativa de efeito foi de -12.41 mmHg (Intervalo de Confiança 95%, -16.91 a -7.91, p<0.00001) para pressão arterial sistólica e -5.40 mmHg (Intervalo de Confiança 95%, -7.98 a -2.82, p<0.0001) para pressão arterial diastólica, com certeza da evidência alta. Conclusão: a intervenção educativa realizada pelo enfermeiro, de modo individual combinada com atividade de grupo, apresenta efeito clínico e estatisticamente significativo. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021282707.

O diagnóstico do HIV na atenção primária à saúde: uma revisão realista / HIV diagnosis in primary health care: a realistic review / El diagnóstico de VIH en atención primaria de salud: una revisión realista

É fundamental a identificação e a compreensão das estratégias empregadas na atenção primária à saúde para a oferta do diagnóstico do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), de modo a possibilitar o planejamento de políticas que promovam o início oportuno da terapia antirretroviral para garantir uma melhor qualidade de vida às pessoas que vivem com HIV. Desse modo, o estudo objetivou elaborar preceitos teóricos a partir das evidências científicas acerca das estratégias para a oferta do diagnóstico do HIV na atenção primária. Trata-se de uma revisão realista, realizada a partir de levantamento conduzido em seis bases de dados no ano de 2022, que teve como questão norteadora: quais são as estratégias para a oferta do diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV na atenção primária à saúde? Foram incluídos oito estudos. No que se refere a estratégias empregadas e público-alvo, observou-se o predomínio de testes de rotina (n = 5) nas unidades básicas de saúde para a população adscrita, sem especificação de idade e/ou grupo (n = 4). A partir disso emergiu o seguinte preceito teórico: estratégias para a oferta de testes de HIV na atenção primária à saúde, com abordagens holísticas, pautadas na relação profissional-usuário e em condições rotineiras apresentam melhor receptividade pela população adscrita e contribuem para a redução do estigma associado. Sugere-se, assim, que as ações de testagem de HIV valorizem práticas integrais ao usuário em suas consultas de rotina e sejam livres de discriminação e julgamento, a fim de que o estigma associado à infecção deixe de ser um fator limitador para a testagem.

It is essential to identify and understand the strategies employed in primary health care to offer diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to enable the planning of policies that promote the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy to guarantee a better quality of life for people who live with HIV. Thus, the study aimed to develop theoretical precepts based on scientific evidence about strategies for offering HIV diagnosis in Primary Care. This is a realistic review, carried out from a screening in six databases in the year 2022, which had as its guiding question: what are the strategies for offering the diagnosis of HIV infection in primary health care?. A total of eight studies were included. Regarding the strategies employed and the target audience, there was a predominance of routine tests (n = 5) in basic health units for the enrolled population, without specifying age and/or group (n = 4). From this, the following theoretical precept emerged: strategies for offering HIV tests in primary health care, with holistic approaches, based on the professional-user relationship and under routine conditions show more receptivity of the enrolled population and contribute to reduce the associated stigma. It is suggested, therefore, that HIV testing actions should value integral practices for the user in their routine consultations and be free of discrimination and judgments, so that the stigma associated with the infection ceases to be a limiting factor for testing.

Es fundamental identificar y comprender las estrategias empleadas en la atención primaria de salud para ofrecer el diagnóstico del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), con el fin de posibilitar la planificación de políticas que promuevan el inicio oportuno de la terapia antirretroviral y, así, garantizar una mejor calidad de vida a las personas que viven con el VIH. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar preceptos teóricos basados en evidencia científica sobre estrategias para ofrecer el diagnóstico de VIH en la atención primaria. Se trata de una revisión realista, realizada en seis bases de datos en el año 2022, que se basó en la siguiente pregunta orientadora: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias para ofrecer el diagnóstico de infección por VIH en la atención primaria de salud? Se incluyeron ocho estudios. En cuanto a las estrategias empleadas y el público objetivo, hubo predominio de las pruebas de rutina (n = 5) en las unidades básicas de salud para la población en estudio, sin precisar edad y/o grupo (n = 4). De allí surgió el siguiente precepto teórico: las estrategias de oferta de pruebas de VIH en la atención primaria de salud, con enfoques holísticos, basadas en la relación profesional-usuario y en condiciones de rutina son más receptivas a la población inscrita y contribuyen a la reducción del estigma asociado. Se recomienda, por tanto, que las acciones de prueba del VIH deben valorar prácticas integrales para el usuario en sus consultas de rutina y estar libres de discriminación y juicios, para que el estigma asociado a la infección deje de ser un factor limitante para la prueba.

Main recent study topics on teacher-student interaction / Principales temas de estudio recientes sobre la interacción profesor-estudiante

Abstract Teacher-student interaction is a fundamental element in the training process at different educational levels (basic, technical, and professional) since it has a significant impact on academic performance, as well as on the socio-emotional areas of students and teachers. The objective of this article is to present a review of the main research topics of teacher-student interaction in recent years. The theoretical review was carried out in specialized databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. The results suggest that the main topics studied with respect to the teacher-student interaction can be classified into: the characteristics of the interaction, the effects of the interaction, and the influence on the interaction. Interaction characteristics: studies have focused on both general and specific aspects. Interaction effects: three large areas were found in which interaction effects arise, attitudes and behavior, academic development, and psychosocial risks. Influence on interaction: it arises from the influences of both the student and the teacher. This new and original classification of studies on teacher-student interaction can serve as a contribution to researchers and teachers to consider the various characteristics of the teacher-student relationship, as well as its influences on students and teachers, and some factors that can affect it. The limitations of the study and future lines of research are presented.

Resumen La interacción profesor-estudiante es un elemento fundamental en el proceso de formación en los diferentes niveles educativos (básico, técnico, profesional), ya que tiene un impacto significativo en el rendimiento académico, así como en las áreas socioemocionales de alumnos y docentes. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los principales temas de investigación de la interacción profesor-alumno en los últimos años. La revisión teórica se realizó en bases de datos especializadas y se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados sugieren que los principales temas estudiados con respecto a la interacción profesor-alumno se pueden clasificar en tres categorías: las características de la interacción, los efectos de la interacción y la influencia en la interacción. Características de la interacción: los estudios se han centrado tanto en aspectos generales como específicos. Efectos de interacción: se encontraron tres grandes áreas en las que surgen efectos de interacción: actitudes y comportamiento, desarrollo académico y riesgos psicosociales. Influencia en la interacción: surge de las influencias tanto del alumno como del profesor. Esta nueva y original clasificación de los estudios sobre la interacción profesor-alumno puede servir de aporte a los investigadores y profesores para tener en cuenta las diversas características de la relación profesor-alumno, así como sus influencias en alumnos y profesores, y algunos factores que pueden afectarla. Se presentan las limitaciones del estudio y futuras líneas de investigación.

Revisión sistemática del compromiso escolar en educación secundaria / A systematic review of methodological aspects of student engagement research in secondary students

Resumen La investigación sobre el compromiso escolar de los estudiantes ha crecido significativamente en la última década y su medición es de gran interés en la investigación educativa. Esto se podría explicar por su potencial para comprender problemas educativos importantes con respecto a las trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes, incluida la adaptación a la escuela, el rendimiento y los logros académicos, las tasas de finalización y la deserción escolar. Se ha evidenciado que los estudiantes que se sienten más comprometidos con su escuela experimentan una trayectoria escolar más positiva y tienen una vida más exitosa, por lo que se considera que el compromiso escolar es una variable protectora vinculada a tasas más bajas de delincuencia, abuso de sustancias y depresión. Para obtener una comprensión más profunda del cuerpo de investigación actual sobre el compromiso escolar de los estudiantes, esta revisión de la literatura tuvo por objetivo analizar las características metodológicas de la investigación empírica cuantitativa sobre ese compromiso de los estudiantes en la escuela secundaria. Como método se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y SciELO del período 2013 a 2020. Cuarenta y siete artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los resultados evidenciaron que casi todos los estudios se realizaron en Estados Unidos, mientras que ninguno de los artículos analizados fue desarrollado en América Latina. Con respecto al tamaño de la muestra, se identificó que la mayoría de los estudios revisados ​​tenían un tamaño de muestra entre 501 y 5000 participantes. En cuanto a los diseños de investigación utilizados en estos estudios, la mayoría utilizó un diseño correlacional, pero solo unos pocos implementaron diseños longitudinales o cuasi experimentales. Se identificó la coexistencia de diferentes marcos conceptuales sobre el compromiso escolar; sin embargo, la investigación concuerda en comprenderlo como un constructo multidimensional que implica el involucramiento del estudiante en actividades relacionadas con la escuela y su estudio. La diversidad conceptual del constructo de compromiso escolar se refleja en los numerosos instrumentos identificados en esta revisión, en los que las dimensiones más prevalentes del compromiso escolar fueron la dimensión conductual, cognitiva y emocional. Respecto de los tipos de variables incluidas en los estudios de compromiso escolar, se observó que se han incluido un gran número que cubren diferentes aspectos y temas relacionados con las experiencias académicas de los estudiantes, como las relacionadas con los propios estudiantes, así como las relacionadas con los padres, compañeros, profesores y escuelas. En conclusión, dado que el compromiso escolar de los estudiantes es una variable que se ha considerado crítica en contextos académicos, a medida que se realicen estudios futuros en este campo, será importante examinar la correlación de diferentes tipos de variables con el compromiso escolar de los estudiantes. Se podrían examinar las potenciales variables moderadoras que podrían surgir al realizar estudios en nuevos entornos educativos o culturalmente diversos, por ejemplo, con estudiantes con necesidades especiales. Esto es especialmente importante cuando se considera a la región Latinoamericana. Dado que la mayoría de los estudios se han realizado en Estados Unidos, se requiere considerar aspectos importantes antes de su implementación, como la validez de los instrumentos de medida, los que podrían estar sesgados si no se adaptan a la cultura Latinoamericana. Además, los estudios futuros deberían definir con precisión el constructo de compromiso escolar de los estudiantes y lograr un consenso en la investigación.

Abstract Student engagement research has grown significantly in the past decade and measuring it is of high interest in educational research. To gain a deeper understanding of the current body of research on student engagement, this review aims to analyze the design characteristics of empirical quantitative research on student engagement in secondary school. A systematic review was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases from the period 2013 to 2020. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that most studies were performed in North America and none in Latin America; the designs were mainly measuring variable associations. Teacher-related variables are the least examined variables. The instruments used to measure the student engagement and the constructs employed, shows there is substantial theoretical heterogeneity among studies. Future studies need to accurately define student engagement; give further attention to variables related to teachers, peers, families, and institutional conditions.

Revisão sobre características de meninos e meninas que praticam bullying escolar / Revisión sobre características de niños y niñas que practican acoso escolar / Review on characteristics of boys and girls who are bully school

Bullying at school affects the health and development of children and adolescents. This study aimed to describe evidence about the characteristics of boys and girls identified as bullies in bullying situations. This is a review with publications from 2015 to 2020, operationalized in SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and submitted to methodological quality assessment. The corpus was composed of 27 primary studies. It was found that boys do more bullying and are more engaged in physical aggression. Girls engage more in verbal or psychological type violence. Social/cultural issues are factors consistently associated with such differences. Regarding the consequences of the aggression perpetrated, bullies, regardless of gender, may also have mental health problems. This study gathers quantitative evidence on characteristics of boys and girls who engage in bullying at school. Differences/similarities should be considered in anti-bullying intervention programs.

El acoso afecta a la salud y el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes. Este estudio tenía como objetivo describir las características de los chicos y chicas identificados como agresores. Se trata de una revisión desarrollada entre 2015-2020 en las bases SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science y PsycINFO. Dos revisores extrajeron los datos y los sometieron a una evaluación de la calidad metodológica. La revisión incluyó 27 estudios primarios. Se descubrió que los chicos practican más el acoso y se dedican más a la agresión física. Las chicas ejercen más violencia de tipo verbal o psicológico. Las cuestiones sociales/culturales son factores que se asocian sistemáticamente a estas diferencias. En cuanto a las consecuencias de la agresión perpetrada, los agresores, independientemente del sexo, también pueden presentar problemas de salud mental. Este estudio reúne pruebas cuantitativas sobre las características de los chicos y chicas agresores. Los datos deben tenerse en cuenta en los programas de intervención.

O bullying escolar afeta a saúde e desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Este estudo objetivou descrever evidências sobre as características de meninos e meninas identificados como agressores(as) em situações de bullying. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura que abarcou publicações entre 2015 e 2020, operacionalizada nas bases SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science e PsycINFO. Os dados foram extraídos de forma independente por dois revisores e submetidos à avaliação de qualidade metodológica. O corpus foi composto por 27 estudos primários. Verificou-se que meninos praticam mais bullying e estão mais engajados em agressões físicas. Meninas envolvem-se mais em violência do tipo verbal ou psicológica. Questões sociais/culturais são fatores consistentemente associados a tais diferenças. Sobre as consequências das agressões praticadas, agressores, independentemente do sexo, também podem apresentar problemas de saúde mental. Este estudo reúne evidências quantitativas sobre características de meninos e meninas que praticam bullying na escola. Diferenças/semelhanças devem ser consideradas em programas de intervenção antibullying.

Patrones de violencia en las relaciones de pareja en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Patterns of Teen Dating Violence. A Systematic Review of the Literature

Resumen Un grupo creciente de investigaciones ha sugerido la existencia de diferentes patrones de violencia en las relaciones de pareja durante la adolescencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar y sintetizar la evidencia científica respecto a patrones de violencia en las relaciones de pareja en adolescentes, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, SCIELO, EBSCO, Web of Science, Sage Journals, Taylor and Francis Journals, Wiley, y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico; no hubo restricciones en el año de publicación. Se incluyeron investigaciones que analizaron la violencia desde una perspectiva centrada en la persona (e.g., uso de análisis de clases latentes). Para evaluar la calidad de los estudios transversales se usó la herramienta Axis de 20 ítems, y para los estudios longitudinales, la lista de verificación de Tooth et al. (2005) de 33 ítems. Se identificaron 212 estudios y después de elegir por criterios de elegibilidad, se incluyeron 27. Los patrones de violencia con mayor frecuencia fueron: violencia multiforme (34%), victimización o perpetración por violencia psicológica y física (26%), violencia bidireccional psicológica/verbal (26 °/o), baja violencia (26 °%) y alta violencia (23 °/o). Los patrones de violencia se relacionaron con diferentes variables tales como experiencias adversas en la infancia, variables sociodemográficas, relación familiar e indicadores de salud mental. Estos patrones evidencian que la violencia en las relaciones de pareja durante la adolescencia son un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial.

Abstract A growing body of research has suggested different patterns of teen dating violence. The aim of this study was to review and synthesize the scientific evidence on patterns of teen dating violence, through a systematic review of the literature. The search was conducted in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, SCIELO, EBSCO, Web of Science, Sage Journals, Taylor and Francis Journals, Wiley, and the Google Scholar search engine; there were no restrictions on the year of publication. Studies that indicate analyzing violence from a person-centered perspective (e.g., use of latent class analysis) were included. The 20-item Axis tool was used to assess the quality of the cross-sectional studies, and the 33-itemTooth et al. (2005) Checklist was used for longitudinal studies. Two hundred and twelve studies were identified and after screening for eligibility criteria, 27 studies were included. The most frequent patterns of violence were multiform violence (34%), victimization or perpetration by psychological and physical violence (26%), bidirectional psychological/verbal violence (26%), low violence (26%) and high violence (23%). Violence patterns were related to different variables such as adverse childhood experiences, sociodemographic variables, family relationship, and mental health indicators. These patterns show that teen dating violence is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon.

As práticas profissionais realizadas em situações de maus-tratos infantis: uma revisão integrativa / Professional practices in situations of child abuse: an integrative review

Resumo A violência infantil é um problema que afeta crianças no mundo todo. O presente estudo objetiva identificar e analisar os principais resultados apresentados em artigos publicados no Brasil sobre as práticas profissionais desenvolvidas em situações de maus-tratos infantis. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, no SciELO Brasil, nos Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior do Ministério da Educação (CAPES/MEC), no MEDLARS ONLINE (Medline), na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS Saúde) e nos Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (Pepsic), abrangendo publicações de 2017 a 2022. Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 24 artigos foram selecionados para a análise. Os resultados apontam a dificuldade na proteção integral da criança devido à deficiência na formação do profissional, que influencia na identificação e notificação do abuso infantil. O presente estudo revela o lugar que os maus-tratos infantis ocupam na formação dos profissionais e subsidia pesquisas futuras sobre práticas profissionais para o enfrentamento da violência infantil.

Abstract Child abuse is a problem that affects children all over the world. The present study therefore aimed to identify and analyze the main findings relating to professional practices for dealing with situations of child maltreatment in articles published in Brazil. To this end, we conducted an integrative literature review of articles published between 2017 and 2022 based on searches of the following databases: Google Scholar, SciELO Brasil, the periodicals database of the Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), MEDLINE, the Virtual Health Library, and Electronic Journals in Psychology (PePSIC). A total of 24 publications were selected for the review after screening the titles and abstracts. The findings reveal several challenges to ensuring the protection of children caused by shortcomings in professional training, which have a negative influence on the identification and reporting of child maltreatment. The present study reveals the lack of priority given to the issue of child maltreatment in professional training and provides important inputs to inform future research on professional practices for dealing with child violence.

Acoustic Change Complex as a Neurophysiological Tool to Assess Auditory Discrimination Skill: A Review

Abstract Introduction Acoustic change complex (ACC) is a type of event-related potential evoked in response to subtle change(s) in the continuing stimuli. In the presence of a growing number of investigations on ACC, there is a need to review the various methodologies, findings, clinical utilities, and conclusions of different studies by authors who have studied ACC. Objectives The present review article is focused on the literature related to the utility of ACC as a tool to assess the auditory discrimination skill in different populations. Data Synthesis Various database providers, such as Medline, Pubmed, Google, and Google Scholar, were searched for any ACC-related reference. A total of 102 research papers were initially obtained using descriptors such as acoustic change complex, clinical utility of ACC, ACC in children, ACC in cochlear implant users, and ACC in hearing loss. The titles, authors, and year of publication were examined, and the duplicates were eliminated. A total of 31 research papers were found on ACC and were incorporated in the present review. The findings of these 31 articles were reviewed and have been reported in the present article. Conclusions The present review showed the utility of ACC as an objective tool to support various subjective tests in audiology.

Complicaciones Asociadas a la Remoción Estética del Cuerpo Adiposo de la Boca (de Bichat) - Revisión Narrativa

El cuerpo adiposo de la boca (CAB) es un componente adiposo multilobulado bien delimitado, localizado de manera bilateral en la región facial íntimamente relacionado a estructuras nerviosas y vasculares. La remoción de CAB es un procedimiento ampliamente estudiado en el campo de la cirugía maxilofacial, utilizado principalmente para cubrir defectos. Su influencia en la estética facial ha iniciado una popularización de la remoción de la extensión bucal de CAB para obtener un rostro más estilizado, intervención difundida como poco invasiva y sin complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue recopilar y evaluar estudios que reporten y evalúen complicaciones asociadas a la remoción por razones estéticas de CAB. Se revisó la evidencia en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Epistemonikos, Scopus y Google Scholar, utilizando términos predefinidos, seleccionando estudios primarios de reportes de casos. Se incluyeron 7 artículos con un total de 10 pacientes; de estos, ocho pacientes se realizaron este procedimiento en Brasil, uno en Estados Unidos y uno en Chile. La distribución de la población fue de 3:7 entre hombres y mujeres con edad promedio de 35 años y un rango entre los 23 a los 49 años. En relación a las complicaciones reportadas, 100 % de los pacientes presentaron asimetría facial, un 80 % presentó edema facial, 30 % manifestaron sialocele, Trismus 20 %, 40 % presentó hematoma, 20 % compromiso del estado general, 20 % presentaron disfagia, en los casos de hipoestesia, parestesia, absceso, seroma, parálisis facial, odinofagia, fiebre se expresaron en 10 % de la población estudiada. En todos los estudios se describió una reintervención quirúrgica posterior a la remoción estética del cuerpo adiposo de bichat. La escasa literatura y la baja calidad de esta, no permite estimar el porcentaje real de posibles complicaciones, tampoco es posible determinar sus resultados a largo plazo ya que no existe en la evidencia un seguimiento apropiado para estos pacientes.

The buccal adipose body (BAB) is a well- defined multilobulated adipose component, located bilaterally in the facial region, closely related to nervous and vascular structures. BAB removal is a widely studied procedure in the field of maxillofacial surgery, used mainly to cover defects. Its influence on facial aesthetics has started to popularize the removal of the BAB buccal extension to obtain a more stylized face, an intervention widely known as minimally invasive and without complications. The objective of this study was to collect and evaluate studies that report and evaluate complications associated with the removal of BAB for cosmetic reasons. The evidence was reviewed in the Medline databases via PubMed, Epistemonikos, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using predefined terms, selecting primary studies from case reports. 7 articles with a total of 10 patients were included; Of these, eight patients underwent this procedure in Brazil, one in the United States, and one in Chile. The distribution of the population was 3:7 between men and women with an average age of 35 years and a range between 23 to 49 years. In relation to the reported complications, 100 % of the patients presented facial asymmetry, 80 % presented facial edema, 30 % manifested sialocele, trismus 20 %, 40 % presented hematoma, 20 % compromised general state, 20 % presented dysphagia, in the cases of hypoesthesia, paresthesia, abscess, seroma, facial paralysis, odynophagia, fever were expressed in 10 % of the studied population. All the studies described a surgical reintervention after cosmetic removal of the bichat adipose body. The scarce literature and its low quality do not allow estimating the real percentage of possible complications, nor is it possible to determine their long-term results since there is no evidence of appropriate follow-up for these patients.

Growth hormone effect on body composition of children born small for gestational age: a systematic review

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GH treatment on the body composition of children born with SGA. Methods This study is a systematic review of the literature. CINAHL, Embase; Medline/Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2022. Results Four studies met the inclusion criteria, with an intervention time of 1 to 3 years, using doses from 0.03 to 0.07 mg/kg/day of GH. Bone densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with whole-body scans was the most used method to assess body composition. Most studies (n= 3) had SGA children as a control group with the same characteristics as the case group; the mean age was similar between the groups (minimum of 5.1 ± 1.4 years and maximum of 6.7 ± 1 0.8 years) and all participants had an average height ≤ -3DP. The Lean Mass (LM) and Fat Mass (FM) outcomes of the studies were not presented in a standardized manner; thus, they cannot be compared. There was a significant increase in LM in the group treated with GH in relation to the pre-treatment period and in comparison, to the untreated control group. Three studies showed a significant decrease in FM at the end of the intervention period, and in two studies, this decrease occurred in the control group. Conclusions Despite the differences in the presentation of results and in the evaluation periods, the results of the studies showed that growth hormone favors the gain and maintenance of lean mass, and it also affects fat mass reduction and redistribution.

Tiroiditis subaguda asociada a COVID-19: revisión narrativa / Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19: A narrative review

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 podría gatillar la ocurrencia de numerosas patologías, algunas de ellas de tipo endocrinológico. Se presenta una revisión narrativa sobre la asociación entre COVID-19 y tiroiditis subaguda, en la que se describen aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio, tratamiento y pronóstico. La prevalencia de alguna disfunción tiroidea en pacientes COVID-19 fluctúa entre 13 y 64%, específicamente en relación con tiroiditis subaguda se describe un cambio en la prevalencia de 0,5% a 10% entre los años 2019 y 2020. La tiroiditis subaguda se produce por la unión del virus SARS-CoV-2 con la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE-2) ampliamente expresada en la glándula tiroides, generando manifestaciones clínicas tipo tirotoxicosis, aunque la presentación de la tiroiditis subaguda asociada a COVID-19 puede ser atípica. Los elementos centrales del tratamiento son similares a los empleados ante cualquier tiroiditis subaguda. Se concluye la necesidad de considerar esta entidad en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes actual o previamente infectados por SARS-CoV-2 que presenten síndrome febril, elevación de parámetros inflamatorios o taquicardia persistente, sin etiología precisada.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger the occurrence of numerous pathologies, some of them endocrinological. The present narrative review works on the association between COVID-19 and subacute thyroiditis, which describes epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, clinical and laboratory manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 patients fluctuates between 13 and 64%, explicitly concerning subacute thyroiditis; it has been described as a change in prevalence from 0.5% to 10% between 2019 and 2020. The binding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE-2) widely expressed in the thyroid gland causes subacute thyroiditis, generating thyrotoxicosis-like clinical manifestations. However, the presentation of subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 may be atypical. The central elements of the treatment are similar to those used in any subacute thyroiditis. We conclude that this entity must be considered in differential diagnoses of patients currently or previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 that present a febrile syndrome, elevated inflammatory parameters, or persistent tachycardia without a specified aetiology.

An Appraisal of Behavioural and Non-Behavioural Factors Influencing the Male Infertility: Narrative Approach

Male infertility implies a man can't begin a pregnancy with his female accomplice. Male infertility can have many causes. You may not make sufficient sperm or sound sperm. You might have a hereditary issue like cystic fibrosis. You might have a blockage in your genital plot. According to the latest WHO statistics, approximately 50– 80 million people worldwide suffer from infertility, and male factors are responsible for approximately 20– 30% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of infertility in men is mainly based on semen analysis. the incidence of male infertility has increased worldwide. Infertility is characterized as the failure of couples to have a child following one year of customary unprotected intercourse, influencing 10 to 15% of couples. It is necessary to study the factors that influence male infertility in each area/region for better management. This paper represents various factors based on behavioral and non-behavioral conditions prompting for male infertility augmentation rapidly.

Importance of so called "novel cardiovascular risk factors" in severity of coronary artery calcification; how serious they should be taken: a systematic review and metaanalysis / Importancia de los denominados "factores novedosos de riesgo cardiovascular" en la severidad de la calcificación de las arterias coronarias; qué tan serios deben tomarse: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are among important causes of death. Atherosclerosis is an important etiology for coronary artery diseases in which coronary artery calcification plays a principal role. Recently novel cardiovascular risk factors in coronary calcification are under attention. In this study, we investigated possible association between novel cardiovascular risk factors and coronary calcification. This is a prospectively registered systematic review and meta-analysis in PROSPERO and was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Medical databases were searched. Primary papers were screened and studies reporting our outcomes of interest were selected for data extraction. Quantitative data syntheses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Ver.3. In this study, 5252 papers were screened and finally 28 papers including 31241 patients underwent data extraction. Based on our findings, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (8 out of 10), red cell distribution width (r = 0.250, p < 0.0001), and interleukin 6 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.101 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.210], p = 0.047) were associated with severity of coronary calcification while C-reactive protein (one out of eight) was not associated with coronary calcification. Results of lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (r = -0.120, p < 0.001), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.47 [95% CI: 0.89-2.41, p = 0.124]), and MPV (r = 0.017, p = 0.814 vs. OR: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.28-2.85, p = 0.002]) remained controversial due to few number of included studies or contrary results. We can conclude that neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, and interleukin-6 are significantly associated with coronary calcification and C-reactive protein is not significantly associated with severity of coronary calcification. Our results about mean platelet volume, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio are not reliable and require further investigations.

Resumen Las enfermedades cardiovasculares se encuentran entre las primeras causas de mortalidad. La aterosclerosis es una etiología importante de las enfermedades de las arterias coronarias en la que la calcificación de las arterias coronarias juega un papel principal. Recientemente, se están prestando atención a factores novedosos de riesgo cardiovascular en la calcificación coronaria. En este estudio investigamos la asociación posible entre los factores novedosos de riesgo cardiovascular y la calcificación coronaria. Esta es una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis registrados de forma prospectiva en PROSPERO y se realizó de acuerdo con las pautas de PRISMA. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos médicas. Se examinaron los artículos primarios y se seleccionaron para la extracción de datos los estudios cuyos resultados fueron de nuestro interés. Las síntesis de datos cuantitativos se realizaron utilizando Comprehensive Meta-analysis Ver.3. En este estudio se seleccionaron 5252 artículos y finalmente se extrajeron los datos de 28 artículos que incluían 31241 pacientes. Según nuestros hallazgos, la proporción de neutrófilos/linfocitos (8 de 10), el ancho de distribución de glóbulos rojos (r = 0,250, valor de p < 0.0001) y la interleucina 6 (OR: 1.101 [IC del 95%: 1.001-1.210], valor p = 0.047) se asociaron con la gravedad de la calcificación coronaria, mientras que la proteína C reactiva (1 de 8) no se asoció con la calcificación coronaria. Resultados de la proporción linfocitos/monocitos (r = -0,120, valor p < 0,001), la proporción plaquetas/linfocitos (OR: 1,47 [IC 95%: 0.89-2.41, valor p = 0.124]) y el volumen plaquetario medio (r = 0.017, valor p = 0.814 C. OR: 1.91 [IC 95%: 1.28-2.85, valor p = 0.002]) siguieron siendo polémicos debido al escaso número de estudios incluidos o resultados contrarios. Podemos concluir que la proporción de neutrófilos/linfocitos, el ancho de distribución de los glóbulos rojos y la interleucina 6 se asocian significativamente con la calcificación coronaria y la proteína C reactiva no se asocia significativamente con la gravedad de la calcificación coronaria. Nuestros resultados sobre el volumen plaquetario medio, la proporción de plaquetas/linfocitos y la proporción de linfocitos/monocitos no son confiables y requieren más investigaciones.

Pregabalin and gabapentin for chronic low back pain without radiculopathy: a systematic review / Pregabalina e gabapentina para dor lombar crônica sem radiculopatia: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Background Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a global health problem, and gabapentin and pregabalin are often used in the treatment of patients without associated radiculopathy or neuropathy. Therefore, determining their efficacy and safety is of enormous value. Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of using gabapentin and pregabalin for CLBP without radiculopathy or neuropathy. Methods We performed a search on the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science data bases for clinical trials, cohorts, and case-control studies that evaluated patients with CLBP without radiculopathy or neuropathy for at least eight weeks. The data were extracted and inserted into a previously-prepared Microsoft Excel spreadsheet; the outcomes were evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the quality of evidence, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results Of the 2,230 articles identified, only 5 were included, totaling 242 participants. In them, pregabalin was slightly less efficacious than amitriptyline, the combination of tramadol/acetaminophen, and celecoxib, and pregabalin added to celecoxib showed no benefit when compared to celecoxib alone (very low evidence for all). On the other hand, although one study with gabapentin did not support its use in a general sample of patients with low back pain, another found a reduction in the pain scale and improved mobility (moderate evidence). No serious adverse events were observed in any of the studies. Conclusion Quality information to support the use of pregabalin or gabapentin in the treatment of CLBP without radiculopathy or neuropathy is lacking, although results may suggest gabapentin as a viable option. More data is needed to fill this current gap in knowledge.

Resumo Antecedentes Dor lombar crônica (DLC) é um problema de saúde global, e a gabapentina e a pregabalina são frequentemente utilizadas no tratamento de pacientes sem radiculopatia ou neuropatia associada. Por isso, determinar sua eficácia e segurança é de enorme valor. Objetivo Examinar a eficácia e segurança do uso de gabapentina e pregabalina no tratamento da DLC sem radiculopatia ou neuropatia. Métodos Realizamos uma pesquisa nas bases de dados CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS e Web of Science por ensaios clínicos, coortes e estudos de caso e controle que avaliassem pacientes com DLC sem radiculopatia ou neuropatia por pelo menos oito semanas. Os dados foram extraídos e inseridos em uma planilha previamente elaborada no programa Microsoft Excel; os desfechos foram avaliados com a ferramenta RoB 2 tool da Cochrane, e a qualidade das evidências, pelo sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Resultados Dos 2.230 artigos identificados, apenas 5 foram incluídos, com um total de 242 participantes. Neles, a pregabalina foi ligeiramente menos eficaz do que a amitriptilina, a combinação de tramadol/acetaminofeno, e o celecoxibe, assim como a pregabalina adicionada ao celecoxibe não mostrou benefício em comparação ao uso isolado de celecoxibe (evidência muito baixa para todos). Quanto à gabapentina, embora um estudo não respalde seu uso para uma amostra geral de pacientes com lombalgia, outro encontrou redução na escala de dor e melhora da mobilidade (evidência moderada). Nenhum evento adverso grave foi observado nos estudos. Conclusão Há carência de informações de qualidade que sustentem o uso de pregabalina ou gabapentina no tratamento da DLC sem radiculopatia ou neuropatia, embora resultados possam sugerir que a gabapentina é uma opção viável. Mais dados são necessários para preencher essa atual lacuna no conhecimento.

Rapid maxillary expansion in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an umbrella review

Abstract Objective To compare polysomnographic parameters with others from the literature in order to provide more accurate information about Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) for treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children, through raising the question: Is RME a good option for treating OSA in children? Prevention of mouth breathing during children's growth remains a challenge with significant clinical consequences. In addition, OSA induces anatomofunctional changes during the critical period of craniofacial growth and development. Methods The Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus electronic databases were searched up to February 2021 for systematic reviews with meta-analysis in the English language. Among 40 studies on RME for treating OSA in children, we selected seven in which polysomnographic measurements of the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) had been made. Data were extracted and examined in order to clarify whether any consistent evidence exists for indicating RME as a treatment for OSA in children. Results We found no consistent evidence favoring RME for long-term treatment of OSA in children. All the studies presented considerable heterogeneity due to variability of age and length of follow-up. Conclusion Through this umbrella review, the need for methodologically better studies on RME is supported. Moreover, it can be considered that RME is not recommended for treating OSA in children. Further studies and more evidence identifying early signs of OSA are necessary in order to achieve consistent healthcare practice.

Síndrome congênita do zika e impactos para as famílias: uma revisão integrativa / Congenital zika syndrome and family impacts: an integrative review

Resumo Em 2015, um espectro de anomalias congênitas, incluindo microcefalia, acometeu recém-nascidos como resultado da transmissão vertical pelo vírus zika, posteriormente denominada síndrome congênita do zika (SCZ). Desde então, cerca de 4 mil crianças foram afetadas em 27 países, sendo o Brasil o mais atingido. Cuidadores familiares também têm sido impactados. Esse estudo analisa publicações científicas que investigam as maneiras como a doença afetou as dinâmicas de vida de cuidadores familiares de crianças com SCZ. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Embase. Após as etapas de triagem, foram identificados 31 artigos. Os principais resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a) impactos sociais que evidenciaram mudanças nas relações familiares, nos projetos de vida e no convívio social; b) impactos subjetivos - sentimentos de resiliência, solidão, luto, sobrecarga, medo, incerteza e relação com a espiritualidade; c) impactos econômicos e materiais - perda de renda, aumento de despesas, mudança de moradia e desemprego e d) impactos na saúde - despreparo dos serviços, renúncia do cuidado de si, modificações dos padrões nutricionais e de sono, repercussão para a saúde mental e níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão.

Abstract In 2015, a range of congenital anomalies resulting from mother-to-child transmission of the zika virus emerged. Later called congenital zika syndrome (CZS), the condition includes microcephaly. Since then, around 4,000 children have been affected in 27 countries, with Brazil accounting for the largest proportion of cases. Family caregivers have also been affected. This study analyzes the literature on caregivers of children with CZS and how the disease has affected their everyday lives. We conducted an integrative review using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Embase databases. Thirty-one articles were identified for analysis after screening. The findings were grouped into four categories: a) social impacts - changes in family relationships, life projects, and social life; b) subjective impacts - feelings of resilience, loneliness, grief, overburdening, fear, uncertainty, and spirituality and religion; c) economic and material impacts - loss of income, increased household expenses, change of residence, and unemployment; and d) health impacts - service unpreparedness, selflessness, self-care, changes in nutritional and sleep patterns, and mental health problems, including stress, anxiety and depression.

Sobrecarga del cuidador familiar en Colombia: revisión sistemática exploratoria / Family caregiver's overburden in Colombia: An exploratory systematic review / Sobrecarga do cuidador familiar na Colômbia: revisão sistemática exploratória

Objetivo:describir las tendencias metodológicas, las poblaciones estudiadas y los desafíos futuros reportados en la literatura sobre lasobrecarga delcuidador familiar colombiano.Métodos:revisión sistemática exploratoria en donde se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO y BVS, específicamente artículos originalespublicados del 2016 al 2021. Resultados:en 20 artículos revisados, se encontró una relación directa entre condiciones socioeconómicas y la sobrecarga del cuidador. El contexto cultural y las condiciones socioeconómicas son factores que influyen en la percepción de la sobrecarga del cuidador. Conclusiones:son necesarias las intervenciones de enfermeríadirigidasa los cuidadores familiares para mejorar su percepción de la sobrecarga y consecuentemente la calidad de vida

Objective: To describe methodological trends, populations studied, and future challenges reported in the literature on Colombian family caregivers' overburden. Methods: An exploratory systematic review using PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO, and VHL databases was conducted, specifically original articles published between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. Results:In 20 articles reviewed, a direct relationship was found between socioeconomic conditions and caregiver's overburden. Cultural context and socioeconomic conditions are factors that influence the perception of caregiver's overburden. Conclusions:Nursing interventions aimed at family caregivers are needed to improve their perception of overburden and, consequently, their quality of life

Objetivo:Descrever as tendências metodológicas, as populações estudadas e os desafios futuros relatados na literatura desobrecarga do cuidador familiar colombiano. Métodos:Revisão sistemática exploratória na qual foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO e BVS, com artigos originais, publicados de 2016 a 2021. Resultados:Em 20 artigos revisados, foi encontrada uma relação direta entre condições socioeconômicas e a sobrecarga do cuidador. O contexto cultural e as condições socioeconômicas são fatores que influenciam na percepção da sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusões:As intervenções de enfermagem voltadas a cuidadores familiares são necessárias para melhorar sua percepção de sobrecarga e, consequentemente, sua qualidade de vida.

Evaluation of the agreement and reliability of Transpalpebral Tonometers compared with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer – A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

In 2020, the global prevalence of glaucoma was estimated to be 76 million and it was projected to increase to 111.8 million by 2040. Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is imperative in glaucoma management since it is the only modifiable risk factor. Numerous studies have compared the reliability of IOP measured using transpalpebral tonometers and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the existing literature with a reliability and agreement comparison of transpalpebral tonometers against the gold standard GAT for IOP measurement among individuals presenting for ophthalmic examinations. The data collection will be performed using a predefined search strategy through electronic databases. Prospective methods-comparison studies published between January 2000 and September 2022 will be included. Studies will be deemed eligible if they report empirical findings on the agreement between transpalpebral tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry. The standard deviation and limits of agreement between each study and their pooled estimate along with weights and percentage of error will be reported using a forest plot. Cochrane’s Q test and the I2 statistic will be used to assess heterogeneity, and the publication bias will be investigated using a funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The review results will provide additional evidence on the reliability of transpalpebral tonometers that, in turn, could possibly assist practitioners to make informed decision about using it as a screening or diagnostic device for clinical practice, outreach camps, or home-based screening. Institutional Ethics Committee registration number: RET202200390. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022321693.