EVALUATION OF INTRAOPERATIVE PAIN OCCURRENCE AND NEED FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ANESTHESIA DURING EMERGENCY DENTAL CARE

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the intraoperative pain (IOP) occurrence in situations of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). Materials and Methods: Patients who sought emergency care presenting a diagnosis of SIP or SAP were included. IOP was measured with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after five minutes of local anesthesia, during access to the pulp chamber, root canal exploration and at the end of procedures. In cases where pain was reported during treatment, supplementary anesthesia was performed. Pain scores were recorded and analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model with posthoc comparisons. Results: 56 patients were included. 35 had a diagnosis of SIP; and 21 a diagnosis of SAP. Mean preoperative pain scores for SAP and SIP were 6.69 (±1.54) and 6.39 (±1.48), respectively (p>0.05). In patients with SIP, significant differences were observed between: preoperative scores and other time points; scores after five minutes of local anesthesia and other time points; scores during pulp chamber access and at the end of procedures; and scores during root canal exploration and at the end of procedures (p<0.05). In patients with SAP, significant differences were observed between preoperative pain scores with all other time points (p<0.05). Chi-square test indicated an association between diagnosis and the need for supplementary anesthesia (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between reduction of moderate/severe pain after application of local anesthesia. The need for supplemental anesthesia is significantly associated to the diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Surveying Colombian Speech-Language Pathologists on their Reported Training & Practices of Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice

Objective: To explore the training and use of auditory perceptual evaluation of the voice reported by Colombian speech-language pathologists. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational research with a quantitative approach. Methods: A digital questionnaire was designed and distributed to gather information regarding professionals' training process and implementation of auditory-perceptual evaluation procedures. Descriptive statistics were applied, and several generalized linear models were adjusted to determine the influence of certain variables on others. Results: The survey received responses from 40 speech-language pathologists, revealing that the most used scales for training and evaluating vocal quality within this group are direct magnitude estimations (82.5% and 77.5%). Similarly, in this group, the tasks most frequently used to train and use as an evaluation strategy are vowel assessments (38%) followed by spontaneous speech (30%). Practitioners of this group were mostly trained using a conceptual framework involving multiple exposures to rating (42.5%). The use of direct magnitude estimation in training with a normal voice showed significance (p = 0.015), as did the use of the vowel /i/ in training with an equal-appearing interval (p = 0.013). The statistical models relating the scale used to the scale on which participants were trained were also significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The GRBAS scale is the training tool most used by the group of speech-language pathologists of the study group in Colombia. Future efforts should focus on improving training practices for auditory-perceptual evaluation, exploring alternative conceptual frameworks, and incorporating external references to enhance validity and reliability.

Objetivo: Explorar los reportes de fonoaudiólogos colombianos acerca del entrenamiento y uso de la evaluación perceptual auditiva de la voz. Diseño de estudio: Se eligió un diseño de investigación observacional transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo. Metodología: Se diseñó y distribuyó un cuestionario digital para recopilar información sobre el proceso de formación de los profesionales y la implementación de procedimientos de evaluación perceptual auditiva. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas y se ajustaron varios modelos lineales generalizados para determinar la influencia de ciertas variables en otras. Resultados: La encuesta recibió respuestas de 40 fonoaudiólogos, revelando que las escalas más utilizadas para la formación y la evaluación de la calidad vocal en el grupo son las estimaciones de magnitud directa (82.5% y 77.5%). Del mismo modo, en este grupo las tareas más frecuentemente utilizadas para la formación y el uso como estrategia de evaluación son las vocales (38%), seguidas por el habla espontánea (30%). La mayoría de los profesionales del grupo fueron formados utilizando un marco conceptual que involucra múltiples exposiciones a la calificación (42.5%). El uso de la estimación de magnitud directa en la formación con una voz normal mostró significancia (p = 0.015), al igual que el uso de la vocal /i/ en la formación con intervalos de igual apariencia (p = 0.013). Los modelos estadísticos que relacionan la escala utilizada con la escala en la que los participantes fueron entrenados también fueron significativos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La escala GRBAS es la herramienta de formación más utilizada por el grupo de fonoaudiólogos del estudio. Los esfuerzos futuros deberían centrarse en mejorar las prácticas de formación para la evaluación perceptual auditiva, explorar marcos conceptuales alternativos e incorporar referencias externas para mejorar la validez y la confiabilidad.

Relación entre índice cintura cadera, índice cintura talla y la Escala FINDRISC en adultos de Guatemala / Relationship between waist-hip index, waist-height index and the FINDRISC Scale in adults from Guatemala

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una amenaza para la salud por las complicaciones derivadas de un diagnóstico tardío, donde la identificación oportuna es primordial. Con el objetivo de establecer la relación entre índice cintura talla (ICT), índice cintura cadera (ICC) y puntaje de la escala FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) como determinantes del riesgo de padecer DM2 a largo plazo, se realizó este estudio predictivo transversal con adultos de 18 y 60 años atendidos en el Centro de Salud Primero de Julio del municipio de Mixco, Guatemala. Participaron 80 adultos, seleccionados por un muestreo aleatorio simple. El instrumento de recolección de datos estuvo conformado por tres secciones: información general de la persona, parámetros antropométricos y la encuesta de FINDRISC. Se generaron modelos lineales generalizados para identificar relaciones entre índice cintura talla (ICT), índice cintura cadera (ICC) y puntaje de la escala FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score). El 36.2% presentó riesgo de desarrollar DM2 a largo plazo; encontrándose un 21.2% en el nivel de riesgo alto y muy alto. Se comprobó que únicamente existe relación significativa entre el ICT y el puntaje de la escala de FINDRISC como determinante del riesgo de padecer DM2 a largo plazo. Se concluye que la implementación de la medición del ICT constituye una herramienta útil para identificar personas con riesgo de desarrollar DM2, siendo su aplicación sencilla, no invasiva, económica y de fácil acceso en los servicios de salud.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a health threat due to the complications derived from a late diagnosis, where timely identification is essential. This study aimed to establish the relationship between waist-height index (WHR), waist-hip index (WHR) and the FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score)scale as determinants of the risk of suffering from T2DM in the long term. A cross-sectional predictive study was carried out with a simple random sample of 80 adults between 18 and 60 years old treated at the Primero de Julio Health Center in Mixco, Guatemala. The data collection instrument was structured into three sections: general information, anthropometric parameters and the FINDRISC survey. Generalized linear models were generated to identify relationships between waist-height ratio (WHR), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and the FINDRISC scale score (Finish Diabetes Risk Score). The results shows that 36.2% of the participants were at risk of developing T2DM in the long term; 21.2% being at the high and very high risk level. It was found that there is only a significant relationship between the WHR and the FINDRISC scale score as a determinant of the risk of suffering from T2DM in the long term. The implementation of the waist height index measurement constitutes a useful tool to identify people at risk of developing T2DM, its application being simple, non-invasive, economical and easily accessible in health services.

Evaluación del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / Evaluation of fall risk assessmentin in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / Avaliação do risco de quedas em idosos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus 2 es una enfermedad frecuente en adultos mayores, con múltiples complicaciones que pueden llegar a afectar el equilibrio y la marcha e incrementar el riesgo de caída. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de caídas en dos grupos de adultos mayores, uno con padecimiento de DM2 y otro sin este padecimiento. Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo, diseño observacional, y de cohorte transversal; muestra poblacional de 120 adultos mayores en la ciudad de Guayaquil divididos en dos grupos: grupo A con 60 adultos mayores que no padecían DM2 y grupo B con 60 adultos mayores con DM2; que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y a quienes se evalúan mediante las técnicas: observación, evaluación y entrevista; y los instrumentos: Escala de Berg, Mini-BESTest y formulario estándar. Se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi cuadrado para la comparación de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Los resultados indican que, en la determinación del riesgo de caídas, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p0.05). El estudio además encontró que los resultados obtenidos, en las dos pruebas de riesgo de caídas, difieren entre sí. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores diabéticos presentan un mayor riesgo de caída a comparación de adultos mayores no diabéticos.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus 2 is a common disease in older adults, with multiple complications that can affect balance and gait and increase the risk of falling. Objective: To determine the risk of falls in two groups of older adults, one with and the other without DM2. Methodology: Quantitative approach study, descriptive scope, observational design, and cross-sectional cohort; population sample of 120 older adults in the city of Guayaquil divided into two groups: group A with 60 older adults who did not suffer from DM2 and group B with 60 older adults with DM2; who meet the inclusion criteria and who are evaluated by means of the techniques: observation, evaluation and interview; and the instruments: Berg scale, Mini-BESTestest and standard form. The Chi-square statistical test was used to compare the results obtained. Results: The results indicate that, in the determination of the risk of falls, statistically significant differences (p0.05) were found. The study further found that the results obtained, in the two fall risk tests, differed from each other. Conclusions: Diabetic older adults present a higher risk of falling compared to non-diabetic older adults.

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença comum em idosos, com múltiplas complicações que podem afetar o equilíbrio e a marcha e aumentar o risco de quedas. Objetivo: Determinar o risco de quedas em dois grupos de idosos, um com DM2 e outro sem essa condição. Metodologia: Estudo com abordagem quantitativa, escopo descritivo, desenho observacional e coorte transversal; amostra populacional de 120 idosos da cidade de Guayaquil dividida em dois grupos: grupo A com 60 idosos que não sofriam de DM2 e grupo B com 60 idosos com DM2; que atendam aos critérios de inclusão e que sejam avaliados pelas técnicas: observação, avaliação e entrevista; e os instrumentos: Escala de Berg, Mini-BESTest e formulário padrão. O teste estatístico Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparação dos resultados obtidos. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, na determinação do risco de quedas, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p0,05). O estudo também constatou que os resultados obtidos nos dois testes de risco de queda diferem entre si. Conclusões: Idosos diabéticos apresentam maior risco de queda em comparação aos idosos não diabéticos.

Cobertura de MRS e indicación de terapia hormonal en Pedro Aguirre Cerda, septiembre de 2019 / MRS coverage and hormone replacement therapy indication at Pedro Aguirre Cerda, September 2019

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población en todo el mundo es un fenómeno progresivo y Chile no se queda atrás frente a esto. Actualmente existe un subprograma de climaterio mujeres entre los 45 a 64 años, que presenta diversas acciones y propósitos. Objetivo: Describir la cobertura de la aplicación de la Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) e indicación de terapia de reemplazo hormonal en mujeres inscritas en los CESFAM de la comuna de Pedro Aguirre Cerda. Método: Descriptivo transversal. Resultados: La cobertura de aplicación de MRS en mujeres entre 45-64 años fue de un 62,6%. Un 34,3% de mujeres presentaron un puntaje MRS alterado, indicándose terapia hormonal en un 37,8% de los casos, en las indicaciones un 21,8% eran usuarias candidatas acorde a criterios médicos y un 78,2% no lo eran. Conclusiones: Se debe aumentar la cobertura de MRS y recursos para exámenes de laboratorio, de imágenes y capacitaciones, esto para mejorar la entrega de las prestaciones en el subprograma climaterio.

Introduction: The aging of the population worldwide is a progressive phenomenon and Chile is not lagging behind in this. Currently, there is a climacteric subprogram for women between 45 and 64 years of age, which has various actions and purposes. Objective: To describe the coverage of the application of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and indication of hormone replacement therapy in women enrolled in the CESFAM of the commune of Pedro Aguirre Cerda. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: The coverage of the MRS application in women between 45-64 years old was 62.6%. A 34.3% of women presented an altered MRS score, indicating hormone therapy in 37.8% of the cases, 21.8% of the indications were candidates according to medical criteria and 78.2% were not. Conclusions: There is a lack of labs and images tests in the climacteric controls, resulting in a mayor number of women no candidates to the hormonal therapy according to medical criteria.

Complicaciones y mortalidad en pacientes neurocríticos / Complications and mortality in neurocritic patients

Objetivo: Relacionar las complicaciones y el riesgo de muerte en pacientes neurocríticos admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Universitario de Caracas durante un período de 5 meses. Métodos: investigación observacional, prospectiva, descriptiva. La muestra estuvo conformada por 65 pacientes neurocríticos, ≥ 18 años, con patologías médicas o quirúrgicas, ingresados en la UCI. El análisis estadístico incluyó la determinación de frecuencias, promedios, porcentajes y medias para descripción de variables y el T de Student. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 50,98 ± 16,66 años; la población masculinarepresentó el 50,76%. Entre las complicaciones, la mayor incidencia correspondió a las no infecciosas (70,77 %) y los trastornos ácido-básicos de tipo metabólico, la anemia y las alteraciones electrolíticas fueron las más frecuentes; el 29,23% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones infecciosas, y la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica fue la más frecuente (73,91 %). La comorbilidad con mayor incidencia fue hipertensión arterial sistémica (53,84%). El 90.70% requirió ventilación mecánica y el tiempo en VM fue 4.29 ± 6.43 días. La estancia en UCI fue 5.96 ± 7.72 días. El 29,23% presentó un puntaje en la escala APACHE II entre 5-9; el SAPS II presentó mayor incidencia entre los 6-21 y 22-37 puntos con (66,70%); el SOFA al ingreso se reportó < 15 puntos en 98,46% y > 15 en 1,53%. La mortalidad del grupo fue 23,08 % (n=15). Conclusiones: Las complicaciones no infecciosas predominaron sobre las infecciosas las primeras íntimamente relacionadas con la mortalida(AU)

Objective: To relate complications and the risk of death in neurocritical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Caracas during a period of 5 months. Methods: observational, prospective, descriptive research. The sample was made up of 65 neurocritical patients, ≥ 18 years old, with medical or surgical pathologies, admitted to the ICU.The statistical analysis included the determination of frequencies, averages, percentages and meansfor description of variables and Student's T.Results: The average age was 50.98 ± 16.66 years; the male population represented 50.76%. Among the complications, the highest incidence corresponded to non-infectious complications (70.77%) and metabolic acid-base disorders, anemia and electrolyte alterations were the most frequent; 29.23% of patients presented infectious complications, and pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation was the most frequent (73.91%). The comorbidity with the highest incidence was systemic arterial hypertension (53.84%), 90.70% required mechanical ventilation and the time on MV was 4.29 ± 6.43 days. The ICU stay was 5.96 ± 7.72 days. 29.23% had a score on the APACHE II scale between 5-9; SAPS II presented the highest incidence between 6-21 and 22-37 points with (66.70%); The SOFA upon admission was reported to be < 15 points in 98.46% and > 15 in 1.53%. The mortality of the group was 23.08% (n=15). Conclusions: Non-infectious complications predominated over infectious complications, the former being closely related to mortalit(AU)

Research progress of medication-related patient-reported outcome scales / 药物流行病学杂志

Drug therapy is a common method to cure diseases and relieve symptoms.The value of patient-reported outcome(PRO)in evaluating the effect of drug therapy has been increasingly paid attention.The PRO scale is a standardized questionnaire,which can scientifically evaluate the experiences and subjective effects of drug use from a patient-centered perspective,and help patients and clinicians make more reasonable medication decisions.By reviewing and sorting out relevant global literature,this paper found that the content of the PRO scales relevant to drug therapy focused on five fields:"medication satisfaction""medication adherence""drug treatment burden""medication-related quality of life"and"adverse drug reactions".This paper described the basic information,measurement characteristics and application of common scales in recent years respectively,and summarized and analyzed the problems and enlightenment of scale development,aiming to provide theoretical reference for the selection,application and development of PRO scales.

Chinese version of sensory processing measure-preschool scale:reliability and validation / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:The sensory processing measure-preschool scale(SPM-P)was transformed into Chinese,and its re-liability and validity were tested in preschool children. Method:According to Brislin's translation model,the SPM-P source scale was translated into Chinese and the Chinese version of SPM-P scale was formed.From September 2021 to December 2021,395 preschool children were investigated by cluster stratified random sampling method to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Result:The Chinese version of the SPM-P scale includes 8 dimensions of social participation,vision,hear-ing,touch,body awareness,balance and movement,planning and conception,and overall sensory system,with a total of 75 items.Cronbach alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.899,the split half reliability coefficient was 0.700;the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.899.The item content validity(I-CVI)value was 0.920,the average content validity(S-CVI/Ave)value was 0.984,and the content validity was good;the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the construct validity was good;The results of confirma-tory factor analysis showed that the construct validity was good(x2/df=2.41,CFI=0.992,TLI=0.960,RMSEA=0.060,SRMR=0.046);The Chinese version of SPM-P scale was negatively correlated with the corresponding evaluation dimensions of the screening questionnaire for children's sensory integration disorder,and the correla-tion coefficient was between-0.585 and-0.399,with good criterion validity. Conclusion:The Chinese version of SPM-P scale has good reliability and validity and can be used for stan-dardized evaluation of sensory integration ability of preschool children in China.

Research on Health-related Quality of Life Assessment Based on Response Shift / 中国卫生经济

Health-related quality of life is one of the important concepts for developing research and practice in medicine and health.Considering the phenomenon of response shift in relevant studies can help to accurately grasp the Quality of Life change and provide more specialized analytical and causal interpretive pathways,and improve the scientific understanding of the quality of life of different groups.Starting from the connotation analysis of health-related quality of life and response shift,it discusses the existence of response shift phenomenon and its impact on the design,implementation and specific evaluation of quality of life evaluation scale on the basis of a systematic review of its mainstream research paradigm.Then,the improvement suggestions for health-related quality of life evaluation in China are put forward from the aspects of improving the design of the quality of life scale,optimizing the scale evalua-tion process,expanding the scale evaluation group,and introducing international mainstream reaction transfer detection methods.

Practice and Exploration of the Performance Allocation Program of TCM Disciplines in General Hospitals / 中国卫生经济

The RBRVS performance evaluation mechanism introduced from the U.S.does not match the research system of China's specialty Chinese medicine service programs in the process of domestic use.It aims to find a more suitable performance supplement for TCM disciplines based on the RBRVS performance accounting model of the case hospitals,in order to encourage TCM depart-ments to inherit and develop TCM.

The Optimization Path and Practice of Public Hospital Performance Appraisal System from the Perspective of Value Co-creation / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To improve the public welfare attributes of public hospitals through the optimization of the performance ap-praisal system of public hospitals,stimulate the enthusiasm of medical staff,and continuously improve the quality and level of medi-cal services.Methods:From the perspective of value co-creation,the three-party value subjects of hospitals,patients and depart-ments are considered,and the core indicators of Diagnosis Related Group(DRG)and Resource-based Relative Value Scale(RBRVS)accounting methods are introduced to construct a performance appraisal system at the level of medical departments in public hospi-tals.Results:The sample hospital applied DRG and RBRVS-based medical department performance appraisal system,and found that the equity of performance evaluation,the efficiency of hospital operation ability,and the satisfaction of patients and medical staff were significantly improved.Conclusion:Based on the theory of value co-creation,the performance appraisal system of the case hos-pital is optimized into three dimensions:cost control assessment,KPI index assessment and workload assessment,so as to achieve consistency between performance appraisal work objectives,and the the result variables of value co-creation,promote the balance of service quality and quantity of medical service providers,and promote the optimization of the effect of hospitals,departments and pa-tients.

Exploring doctors'motivation of value-based health care delivery in public hospitals in China:Concept construction and measurement / 中国卫生政策研究

The Healthy China construction initiative highlights the concept of patient-centered value-based health care,and the value appeal of doctors'medical service is also increasing.This study attempts to introduce the concept of public service motivation in general public organizations into professional public healthcare organizations——public hospitals,and proposes the concept of"value-based medical service motivation"as an expression of public service motivation for doctors in public hospitals.Through qualitative analysis and quantitative measurement,this paper constructs the concept of"public hospital doctors'value-based medical service motivation",finds its conceptual structure,namely responsibility commitment,professional adherence,reputation maintenance,and norm compliance,and finally forms a value-based medical service motivation scale.This paper confirms that doctors in public hospitals in China have multi-dimensional value-based medical service motivation,present different motivational expressions or behavioral tendencies,and constantly deal with and balance the public value tensions in the practice of realizing the patient-centered value-based medical goal.This scale provides an effective tool for measuring doctors'value-based service motivation,and provides theoretical and practical support for further investigating the influencing factors of doctors'motivation for value-based medical services,improving the medical service capacity of public hospitals,adjusting medical behavior,and advancing doctor-patient trust.

Clinical characteristics and related factors of patients with schizophrenia in different ages of onset / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and related socio-demographic factors of schizo-phrenia patients with different ages of onset.Methods:Totally 2 016 patients with schizophrenia aged 15 to 70 were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.All of the patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview to diagnose schizophrenia,Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to assess symptoms.The cut-off points were 18 and 25 years old for three age groups,i.e.early onset(EOS),youth onset(YOS)and adult onset(AOS).Statistical analy-ses were performed by analysis of variance Pearson correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results:The early-onset patients had the highest total PANSS score(73.8±28.0)and CRDPSS score(11.7±5.4).Fe-male gender,high education level,Han ethnicity,early onset age,and slower onset of illness were negatively corre-lated with the total and dimension score of PANSS scale and CRDPSS scale(standardized regression coefficient:0.04-0.47),and income level and smoking were negatively correlated with those score(standardized regression coefficient:-0.04--0.14).Conclusion:Early-onset schizophrenia patients have more severe symptoms,and fe-male,high education level,early-onset disease,and chronic onset are the risk factors of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.

Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale in patients with brief insomnia disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To test the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale(PSAS)in patients with brief insomnia disorder(BID).Methods:Totally 170 patients with BID and 150 normal sleepers(NS)were recruited.All participants were assessed with the PSAS,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI).After 3 months,72 patients with BID were retested with the PSAS,HADS and ISI.Results:The PSAS scores of BID group were characteristic of a normal distribution.The PSAS total scores were positively correlated with the scores of HADS and ISI(r=0.55,0.40,Ps＜0.01).Two factors of so-matic and cognitive arousal were extracted in PSAS by the exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis,interval variance value was 55.84％,and the load scores of items were 0.46-0.89.The scores of PSAS and its subscales were higher in the BID group than in the NS group(Ps＜0.001).The best cut-off score for the overall PSAS was found at 32/33 and had high sensitivity(0.72)and specificity(0.81).The Cronbach's α coefficient and the Spearman Brown split reliability were 0.91 and 0.76,respectively,the correlation coefficients between the items and total score ranged from 0.46 to 0.89(Ps＜0.01),and the test-retest reliability was 0.37(P＜0.01).Addi-tionally,rate of change of PSAS scores was positively correlated with the rate of change of HADS scores and ISI scores(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of PSAS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess pre-sleep arousal in patients with brief insomnia disorder.

Development of the Suicide Outcomes Scale for Undergraduates with Suicidal Ideation / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To develop the Suicide Outcomes Scale for Undergraduates with Suicidal Ideation(SO-SUSI)and test its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on semi-structured interview,literature review and expert discussion,main aspects and indicator system were defined.The initial version of SOSUSI was formed,and items were either modified from existing scales targeting the relevant constructs,or compiled according to previous inter-view results.A total of 607 undergraduates with suicidal ideation were enrolled.The sample was randomly divided in half,one half(n=317)was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,and another half(n=290)for confirmatory factor analysis.All data were used for reliability analysis.The Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Suicidal Intent(SI)were used for criterion validity.Results:The SOSUSI included 39 items in 4 dimensions(nega-tive reinforcement of suicide,negative consequences of suicide,loss of suicide,and positive reinforcement of sui-cide)which explained 50.10％of the total variance.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor struc-ture model fitted well(x2/df=3.27,CFI=0.92,TLI=0.91,IFI=0.92,SRMR=0.09).The scores of negative re-inforcement and positive reinforcement of suicide were positively correlated with the SDS and SI scores(ICC=0.15-0.33,Ps＜0.05),while the scores of negative consequences and loss of suicide were negatively correlated with the SI scores(ICC=-0.42--0.56,Ps＜0.05).The Cronbach's α coefficients of each dimension ranged from 0.79 to 0.91.Conclusion:The Suicide Outcomes Scale for Undergraduates with Suicidal Ideation(SOSUSI)has good validity and internal consistency reliability.

Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 in adults / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2(BAOS-2)in adults.Methods:Totally 616 adults(aged 18-56 years)were selected to test the structural validity,and internal consistency reliability of the scale.The Body Appreciation Scale-2(BAS-2),Func-tionality Appreciation Scale(FAS),Self-Compassion Scale(SCS),Self-Esteem Scale(SES)and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS)were used as criteria to test criterion validity.A sample of 55 adults was retested 2 weeks later for the test-retest reliability.Results:The exploratory factor analysis extracted one factor,and the factor loading range of each item was 0.59-0.76.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor model fit indices were acceptable(x2/df=2.99,CFI=0.91,GFI=0.90,TLI=0.89,RMR=0.04,RMSEA=0.08).The scores of the Chinese version of BAOS-2 were positively correlated with the scores of BAS-2,FAS,SCS,SES and SWLS(r=0.43-0.66,Ps＜0.001).The Cronbach a of the Chinese version of BAOS-2 was 0.90,and the test-retest reliabili-ty(ICC)was 0.65.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2(BAOS-2)has i-deal validity and reliability.

Reliability and validity of general procrastination scale in the application of middle school students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of the general procrastination scale (GPS) in the application of middle school students.Methods:The Chinese version of GPS, the irrational procrastination scale(IPS), and the Maslach burnout inventory(MBI) were utilized to survey 10 825 middle school students in Harbin City through stratified random sampling, and 4 498 students were retested after 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.0.Results:The entries were well differentiated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GPS was composed of two factors, including active avoidance and lack of planning.The model fit was good (CFI=0.914, TLI=0.901, RMSEA=0.069, SRMR=0.072). GPS was positively correlated with the total scores of IPS and MBI ( r=0.753, 0.677, both P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient of GPS was 0.864, the folded half reliability was 0.870, and the retest reliability after 4 weeks was 0.756. Conclusion:The GPS has good reliability and validity among middle school students, which provides a standard for measuring the procrastination level of middle school students and carrying out related research.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and feasibility of exercise interventions as adjunctive therapy for patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of aerobic exercise intervention in schizophrenia patients.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on exercise interventions for patients with schizophrenia were searched in eight databases from built up to March 2023, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), WanFang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and its sub-scales were used as primary outcome indicators, and the negative symptom scale (SANS) and body mass index (BMI) were used as secondary indicators, and Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.1.0 and Stata 14.0.Results:Forty-seven studies including 3 139 patients with schizophrenia were included. Results of a network Meta-analysis based on 24 studies showed that aerobic exercise may be the most effective measure for reducing total PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia. Compared to conventional treatment, combining aerobic exercise intervention improved patients' PANSS total score (MD= -5.09, 95% CI: -5.90~-4.28), SANS (MD= -12.17, 95% CI: -14.25~-10.10), and BMI (MD=-1.59, 95% CI: -1.93~-1.25). Meanwhile, subgroup analysis showed that 2 months of intervention was more appropriate (MD=-6.12, 95% CI: -7.22~-5.02) and the weekly total exercise time for 140-260 min was more appropriate (MD=-8.59, 95% CI: -12.93~-4.25) in terms of total PANSS score. The adherence rates between the trial and control groups showed no significant difference between the aerobic exercise intervention combined with conventional treatment and conventional treatment alone( P>0.05). Conclusion:Aerobic exercise intervention is an effective measure to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia patients and has good compliance among inpatients.

Correlation between high cholinergic pathway signal and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson disease accompanied with sleep disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between high cholinergic pathway signaling and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson disease(PD) accompanied with sleep disorder.Methods:PD patients admitted from 2017 to 2022 were divided into PD with sleep disorder group (PD-SD group) ( n=56) and PD without sleep disorder group (PD-NSD group) ( n=41) according to the Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS) score. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination.All patients were evaluated by the PDSS, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), and cholinergic pathways hyper intensities scale (CHIPS). The difference of cognitive function between the two groups and the correlation between CHIPS and cognitive function were analyzed.Independent sample t-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and binary Logistic regression analysis were performed on the data by SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Results:(1)The MoCA score of the PD-SD group (22.00 (5.00)) was lower than that of the PD-NSD group (26.00 (5.00)) ( Z=-3.830, P<0.05). The total and all aspects scores of CHIPS in PD-SD group were higher than those in PD-NSD group(the total score of the low external capsule: 12.00(8.00), 0(8.00), the total score of the high external capsule: 12.00(2.00), 6.00(9.00), the total score of the radial crown: 8.00(0), 4.00(4.00), the total score of the centrum semiovale: 3.00(4.00), 0(2.00), the total score of the right side: 16.00(9.00), 5.00(10.00), the total score of the left side: 17.00(6.00), 7.00(9.00), the total score of CHIPS: 32.00(14.00), 14.00(20.00))( Z=-5.081, -5.873, -4.933, -3.211, -5.562, -6.232, -5.995, all P<0.05). (2)The correlation analysis between the score of CHIPS and cognitive function in the PD-SD group showed that, the total score of the low external capsule ( r=-0.286), the total score of the centrum semiovale ( r=-0.307), the total score of the right side ( r=-0.376), the total score of the left side ( r=-0.284) and the total score of CHIPS ( r=-0.349) were negatively correlated with MoCA(all P<0.05). (3)Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that white matter lesions in centrum semiovale, low inner capsule, right and left leukodystrophy were not influence factors for cognitive impairment (all P>0.05). Conclusion:PD patients with sleep disorders have lower cognitive function scores, higher CHIPS scores, and significant changes in white matter lesions compared to those without sleep disorders. In PD patients with sleep disorders, the higher the CHIPS score, the lower the cognitive function score, and the more significant the rate of cognitive impairment occurrence and development.

Operation principle and failure case analysis of Gambro Prismaflex continuous renal replacement therapy equipment / 中国医学装备

By analyzing the design principles and treatment modes of Gambro Prismaflex CRRT device,based on the basic structure and treatment process,and the typical failure cases of pressure joints and scale zeroing test failures in continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)equipment were analyzed,the targeted solution and maintenance strategies were proposed to ensure the stable and efficient operation of CRRT equipment.