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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1018347

ABSTRACT

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of withdrawal therapy based on regulating nutritive qi and defensive qi(shortened to Tiaohe Yingwei method)in treating sedative-hypnotic dependent insomnia of disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi type.Methods Ninety patients with sedative-hypnotic dependent insomnia of disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi type were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 45 patients in each group.The control group was given oral use of Estazolam by 25%of weekly dose-reduction,while the treatment group was treated with Chinese medicinal decoction of Tiaohe Yingwei Zhumian Prescription based on Tiaohe Yingwei method together with Estazolam.The treatment course for the two groups lasted for 4 weeks.The changes of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores,total TCM syndrome scores,and Drug-withdrawal Syndrome Scale(DWSS)scores in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the efficacy for improving sleep efficiency value(IUSEV)and clinical safety in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the trial,2 cases fell off in the treatment group,and 43 cases included in the statistics;3 cases fell off in the control group,and 42 cases included in the statistics.(2)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for improving IUSEV of the treatment group was 88.37%(38/43),and that of the control group was 61.90%(26/42).The intergroup comparison by non-parametric rank-sum test showed that the efficacy for improving IUSEV in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,obvious reduction was shown in the overall PSQI scores and the scores of the items of sleep quality,time for falling asleep,sleep time,sleep efficiency,sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction in the two groups when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that except for the items of sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction,the treatment group had stronger effect on decreasing the scores of the remaining items and the overall PSQI scores than the control group(P<0.05).(4)After treatment,the total scores of TCM syndromes of both groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease of the total scores of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).(5)After treatment,the total DWSS scores of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the effect on lowering the scores in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).(6)During the course of treatment,no significant adverse reactions occurred in the two groups,or no abnormal changes were found in the safety indexes such as routine test of blood,urine and stool,liver and kidney function,and electrocardiogram of the patients.Conclusion Withdrawal therapy based on Tiaohe Yingwei method exerts certain effect for the treatment of sedative-hypnotic dependent insomnia of disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi type.The therapy is effective on improving the quality of sleep and reducing the incidence of drug-withdrawal syndrome,and has a high safety.

2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1014541

ABSTRACT

Esketamine is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and exerts antianxiety, hypnotic, sedative, and analgesic effects by interacting with NMDA receptors, opioid receptors, M - choline receptors, monoamine receptors, adenosine receptors, and other purine receptors. As the more potents isomer of ketamine, it is about twice as potent as ketamine. Compared with ketamine, esketamine has the characteristics of rapid onset and metabolism, strong analgesia, slight respiratory depression, rapid recovery of cognitive function, and low incidence of psychiatric side effects. It has become a new choice of pediatric anesthesia drugs. This article reviews the pharmacological properties of esketamine and its recent application in pediatric anesthesia, and provides reference for the safe use of esketamine in pediatric perioperative period.

3.
International Journal of Surgery ; (12): 692-697, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1018047

ABSTRACT

Objective:To study the half effective dose of propofol inhibiting pharyngeal response of elderly patients to inserted gastroscope under anesthesia by Dixon sequential method.Methods:In this prospective study, 31 elderly patients aged 75 to 84 years who planned to undergo painless gastroscopy at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from March to June 2021 were enrolled, American Society of Anesthesiologists class Ⅰ-Ⅱ. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), peripheral pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) were monitored. The propofol dose started at 1.1 mg/kg (the first patient), and the gap dose was 0.1 mg/kg. The sequential dose given to the patient increased by 0.1 mg/kg if the pharyngeal response to inserted gastroscope of the previous patient was not considered inhibited or decreased by 0.1 mg/kg if the pharyngeal response was inhibited, the positive pharyngeal response-inhibited pharyngeal response was regarded as one crossover, and this study stopped after the seventh crossover. The change of MAP, HR and SpO 2 prior to anesthesia, insertion of gastroscope, 2 minutes after insertion, after gastroscopy was recorded. Nausea and vomiting, cough and swallowing, and body movement were also recorded. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and the changes at different time points were compared by repeated measurement data ANOVA. Results:The half effective dose of propofol inhibiting pharyngeal response to inserted gastroscope was (1.11±0.16) mg/kg. The MAP prior to anesthesia, insertion of gastroscope, 2 minutes after insertion, after gastroscopy were (105.05±13.39) mmHg, (90.48±10.98) mmHg, (90.48±11.11) mmHg, (82.68±9.98) mmHg, respectively, and the MAP at each observation point after administration was significantly lower than that before anesthesia, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The HR prior to anesthesia, insertion of gastroscope, 2 minutes after insertion, after gastroscopy were 77.26±12.67, 72.81±10.39, 72.90±11.63, 68.32±9.42, respectively, and the HR at each observation point after administration was significantly lower than that before sedation, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The SpO 2 prior to anesthesia, insertion of gastroscope, 2 minutes after insertion, after gastroscopy were (96.48±1.81)%, (98.65±1.31)%, (97.36±2.14)%, (96.48±1.81)%, respectively, and the SpO 2 prior to anesthesia was statistically significant compared with insertion of gastroscope ( P<0.001), the SpO 2 of 2 minutes after insertion, and after gastroscopy were significant differences compared with insertion of gastroscope ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Half effective dose of propofol for inhibiting pharyngeal response to inserted gastroscope under anesthesia by Dixon sequential method was determined as (1.11±0.16)mg/kg .

4.
Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine ; (12): 1175-1178, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1035934

ABSTRACT

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated involuntary eating and drinking. The clinic of this disease is not rare, but few reports are noted in China; doctors and patients lack of knowledge. This paper reviews the literature on SRED, summarizes the shortcomings of existing research, and proposes future research directions, aiming to provide references for researchers to further explore this field.

5.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1014596

ABSTRACT

Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly used drugs in the field of anesthesia. Remazolam is a newly developed ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, which has the characteristics of rapid onset, rapid recovery, high safety, and less side effects such as hypotension and respiratory depression. The aim of this review is to summarize the progress of pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology mechanism of action and clinical application of remazolam.

6.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 4295-4301, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008684

ABSTRACT

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) is an edible TCM derived from the dried ripe seeds of Ziziphus jujube Mill. var. spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H. F. Chou(Rhamnaceae), which has the effects of nourishing the heart, tonifying the liver, calming the heart, tranquilizing the mind, arresting sweating, and promoting fluid production, and is widely used in the treatment and health care of diseases related to cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Jujuboside B(JuB), one of the main active ingredients of ZSS, possesses various pharmacological effects with application values. This paper reviewed the chemical structure and pharmacological effects of JuB. JuB has sedative, hypnotic, antitumor, anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities, which shows the potential thera-peutic effects on insomnia, tumors, coronary artery disease, airway inflammation, and liver injury. However, there are some limitations to the results of current studies. More comprehensive studies, including basic research and clinical trials, need to be carried out to provide more reliable evidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Saponins/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Ziziphus/chemistry
7.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-987874

ABSTRACT

@#Introduction: Benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) are among the most frequently used psychotropic medications worldwide. We aim to understand the pattern of prescription of BZRA in the government healthcare facilities and identify factors affecting the likelihood of BZRA prescription and duration of use. Method: This is a retrospective study. Data was obtained from record of outpatient clinical notes. Medications studied were midazolam, alprazolam, lorazepam, bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam and zolpidem. Mean duration per prescription, mean dosage per prescription and duration per patient per year were calculated for each sedative hypnotic. The likelihood of factors affecting duration of prescription were also analysed. Results: The prevalence of sedative hypnotic use in psychiatry outpatient clinic was 12.16%. Clonazepam was found to have the longest duration per patient per year (306.5 days). Insomnia and anxiety are the two most common reasons for sedative hypnotic prescription. Factors found to affect duration of prescription were unemployment, borderline personality disorder, alcohol and substance use disorders. Conclusion: Implementation of effective monitoring system on sedative hypnotic prescribing and increase use of non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia and anxiety are necessary to curb prolonged use of sedative hypnotic.

8.
J. forensic med ; Fa yi xue za zhi;(6): 694-698, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984073

ABSTRACT

Drug poisoning has a high incidence and serious consequences in medical institutions; its epidemiological characteristics also directly affect the changes in national laws and policies and the implementation of local management policies. Chinese statistics on drug-related abnormal death cases generally come from judicial appraisal centers and medical units. However, due to differences in work content and professional restrictions, there are differences in information management forms, which makes it difficult for appraisers to conduct a professional and systematic analysis of drug-related cases. This article focuses on the analysis of epidemiological characteristics of sedative-hypnotics and opioid painkillers and their exposure patterns in cases of poisoning death by analyzing the annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Center, combined with the characteristics of drug exposure in China.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , China/epidemiology , Databases, Factual , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Poison Control Centers , United States
9.
J. forensic med ; Fa yi xue za zhi;(6): 788-795, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984076

ABSTRACT

Abuse of pharmaceutical drugs is a major public health and social problem worldwide. Mostly abused drugs mainly include opioids such as morphine, tramadol, methadone and fentanyl, sedative-hypnotics such as benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines, and central stimulants such as Ritalin (methylphenidate), Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) and modafinil. Abuse of pharmaceutical drugs not only causes direct damage to multiple systems of the body, but also significantly increases risks of mental and physical diseases, imposing a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Therefore, the prevention and control of pharmaceutical drug abuse are of vital importance. The Chinese government has taken strict administration measures for pharmaceutical drugs with abuse risk. However, confronting endless new drugs and changing abuse trends, it is necessary to further strengthen management and prevention of pharmaceutical drugs, monitor the trend of abuse, establish rapid response mechanisms, popularize relevant knowledge, and develop specific therapeutic drugs and intervention means, in order to promote prevention and treatment of pharmaceutical drug abuse.


Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
10.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-209740

ABSTRACT

The high prevalence and disease burden of anxiety disorders against the paucity and liabilities of existing anxiolytics indicates a need for the discovery of additional/new anti-anxiety agents. However, it is necessary to further screen these new/putative anxiolytic compounds/extracts to rule out the unwanted neurobehavioural toxicities inherent in the existing anti-anxiety drugs. Aqueous methanol leaf extract of Tapinanthus globiferusgrowing on Azadirachta indicahost tree has previouslydemonstrated significant (p<0.05) anxiolytic effects in mice. This study, therefore, set out to counter-screen this extract for locomotion-suppressant, acute amnesic, sedative (myorelaxant) and hypnotic effects using standard mouse behavioural and biochemical paradigms. The leaf extract (150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg) did not cause significant (p>0.05) alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity, motor coordination/balance, sleep onset or duration,but dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) increases (63.28±5.63, 65.63±4.12 and 69.18±3.69) in novel object recognition indices of extract-treated compared to 51.54±4.03 and 61.06±2.91 scores in diazepam-and aqua-treated mice, respectively.These findings indicate the aqueous methanol leaf extract is mostly devoid of the evaluated neurobehavioural toxicities and may possess short-term memory enhancement property in mice. These findings may justifythe traditional use of Tapinanthus globiferusextracts for memory enhancement

11.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; Braz. arch. biol. technol;63: e20200206, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132262

ABSTRACT

Abstract The high prevalence of anxiety disorders associated with pharmacotherapy side effects have motivated the search for new pharmacological agents. Species from Citrus genus, such as Citrus limon (sicilian lemon), have been used in folk medicine as a potential therapy to minimize emotional disorders. In order to searching for new effective treatments with fewer side effects, the present study evaluated the anxiolytic mechanism of action and the hypnotic-sedative activity from the Citrus limon fruit's peels essential oil (CLEO). Adults male Swiss mice were submitted to barbiturate-induced sleep test; elevated plus-maze (EPM) and light-dark box (LDB) (evaluation of the mechanism of action); rotarod; and catalepsy tests. CLEO oral treatment decreased latency and increased the sleep total time; moreover it induced in animals an increased the number of entries and percentage of time spent into open arms of the EPM; an increased the number of transitions and the percentage of time into light compartment in the LDB; which were only antagonized by flumazenil pretreatment, with no injury at motor function. Thus, results suggest that CLEO treatment induced an anxiolytic behavior suggestively modulated by the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor or by an increase of GABAergic neurotransmission, without cause impairment in the motor coordination.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Anxiety/drug therapy , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Citrus/chemistry , GABA Modulators/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Anti-Anxiety Agents/isolation & purification , Maze Learning/drug effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/isolation & purification
12.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-799672

ABSTRACT

In 2018, the Society of Critical Care Medicine(SCCM) and the Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine(CSCCM) drawn up guidelines for analgesic and sedative treatment in adult patients in the intensive care unit successively.In 2019, the emergency group of Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association published "the experts′ consensus on sedation and analgesia for children in pediatric intensive care unit of China" . The new guidelines have been revised and updated on the basis of the previous ones.Especially, some new concepts have been gradually implemented.This paper seeked to summarize these new concepts and aid clinicians in clinical decision-making in intensive care unit.

13.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-837770

ABSTRACT

Modern military actions and non-military operations characterized by high-intensity, sudden emergencies and long continuous working inevitably lead to sleep deprivation of military personnel. High-intensity actions require military personnel to maintain excellent action abilities all the times; sudden emergencies need them to maintain alert; and the continuous work need them to maintain a healthy mental state. Therefore, how to effectively combat sleep deprivation, keep alert and have high stress ability have become the focus of modern military medical research. This article reviews the research progress of central nervous system stimulants, preventive sleep medications, sleep induction and rapid recovery drugs, and non-drug measures to combat sleep deprivation.

14.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 1124-1131, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-821505

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the safety of Chloral hydr ate(CH)oral solution for sedative and hypnotic in children,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical use. METHODS :Retrieved from 9 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library ,Embase,CINAHL,International Pharmaceuticals ,CNKI,CBM,Wanfang Database ,VIP),3 clinical trial registry platforms (Clinical Trials ,Cochrane Clinical Trial Database ,WHO Clinical Trial Database )and 18 adverse drug reaction (ADR)monitoring systems (ADR monitoring websites of WHO ,USA,Switzerland,China and other countries/areas/international organizations),during the date of database establishment to March 2019,the reports of randomized controlled trials ,cohort studies,case-control studies ,case series studies ,case reports , cross-sectional studies and adverse reactions monitoring network of chloral hydrate versus other interventions (blank 85503205。E-mail:chenzhehx@163.com control,placebo or other sedative hypnotics )for children ’s sedative and hypnotic safety were collected. After data extraction of included literatures met inclusion criteria ,quality mail:zhanglingli@scu.edu.cn evaluation of included s tudies with Cochrane bias risk evaluation manual (RCT),Newcastle-Ottawa scale evaluation tool (Cohort study and case control study ),Australian JBI quality assessment tool (case series study and case report study ),Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.3 software,or descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS :A total of 54 studies were included ,among which there were 13 RCTs,9 cohort studies ,17 case series studies ,13 case reports ,and 2 reports from ADR monitoring network. Based on the results of RCT and cohort studies , the incidence of Chloral hydrate oral solution adverse events was 7.25%. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of digestive system [RR =0.87,95% CI(0.14,5.42),P=0.88],nervous system [RR =0.13,95% CI(0.01,2.41),P=0.17], cardiovascular system [RR =2.12,95% CI(0.08,56.57),P=0.65] adverse event between Chloral hydrate oral solution and midazolam. The incidence of respiratory system adverse events induced by Chloral hydrate oral solution was higher than that of midazolam [RR =3.07,95%CI(1.94,4.86),P<0.01]. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of digestive system adverse events between Chloral hydrate oral solution and diazepam [RR =0.71,95%CI(0.47,1.10),P=0.13]. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of digestive system ,nervous system and cardiovascular system adverse events between Chloral hydrate oral solution and barbiturates (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS :Chloral hydrate oral solution is similar to midazolam , diazepam and barbiturates in terms of digestive ,nervous and cardiovascular systems adverse events ,but the incidence of respiratory system adverse events is higher than midazolam.

15.
Chin. j. integr. med ; Chin. j. integr. med;(12): 434-441, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-827460

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To study the sedative and hypnotic effects and underlying mechanisms of Polygala tenuifolia (PT) on treating aged insomnia rats.@*METHODS@#Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 6 groups by a random number table, including control group, model group, diazepam group (0.92 mg/kg), as well as PT low-, medium- and high-dose groups (0.0875, 0.175, 0.35 g/kg, respectively), 10 rats in each group. Aged insomnia rat model was established with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose for 42 days and then intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine for 3 days. PT and diazepam were respectively given to aged insomnia rats by intragastric administration for 7 days after model establishment. Then the rats were investigated by body weight, Morris water maze test, pentobarbital test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and transcriptome sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, PT increased the body weight, improved memory ability, and prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep time of aged insomnia rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The medium dose of PT also increased the neurotransmitter levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and decreased the level of Glu in the hippocampus of aged insomnia rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Twenty-four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were overlapped among model group, medium-dose PT group, and diazepam group in transcriptome analysis. Fuom and Pcp2 were down-regulated by the treatment of medium-dose PT (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The metabolic pathways of PT were relatively less than diazepam (91 vs. 104).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The sedative and hypnotic effects of PT in aged insomnia rats might be related to neuro, metabolism pathways, especially through GABAergic signaling pathway. It provided more effective herb choice for the treatment of senile insomnia.

16.
J. forensic med ; Fa yi xue za zhi;(6): 45-51, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985085

ABSTRACT

Objective To establish an analysis method for simultaneous determination of 13 sedative substances and their metabolites in blood by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology and to apply the method to actual cases. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate after an internal standard was added. The extract was condensed until it was nearly dry and then its residues were dissolved with methanol, filtered through 0.22 μm filter and finally determined. The 13 sedative substances and their metabolites were separated through the C18 chromatographic column, then gradient elution was performed on them with methanol and 20 mmol/L ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) solution. After that, they were determined in the electrospray positive ion mode and quantified by internal standard method. Results The 13 sedative substances and their metabolites in blood showed good linearity in the range of 5-200 μg/L with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.990 3 to 0.999 8. The detection limits were 0.1-1.0 μg/L. Recovery rates of sedative substances were in the range of 71.2%-93.4% when solutions with concentrations of 10, 50 and 200 μg/L were added. The deviations of intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were not more than 8.6%. Accuracies (bias) were within ±9.8%. Conclusion This method is rapid, simple, effective and sensitive, and can be applied to analysis of 13 sedative substances and their metabolites in blood in forensic toxicology.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Liquid , Forensic Toxicology , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Tandem Mass Spectrometry
17.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;39(2): 142-147, Feb. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-990244

ABSTRACT

In feline veterinary practice sedation is often needed to perform diagnostic or minimally invasive procedures, minimize stress, and facilitate handling. The mortality rate of cats undergoing sedation is significantly higher than dogs, so it is fundamental that the sedatives provide good cardiovascular stability. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist utilized in cats to provide sedation and analgesia, although studies have been utilized high doses, and markedly hemodynamic impairments were reported. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how the sedative and electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX performing in cats. Eleven healthy cats were recruited; baseline sedative score, systolic arterial pressure, electrocardiography, and vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) were assessed, and repeated after ten minutes of DEX 5μg/kg intramuscularly (IM). A smooth sedation was noticed, and emesis and sialorrhea were common adverse effects, observed on average seven minutes after IM injection. Furthermore, electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX mainly include decreases on heart rate, and increases on T-wave amplitude. The augmentation on VVTI and appearance of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, as well as sinus bradycardia in some cats, suggesting that DEX enhances parasympathetic tonus in healthy cats, and therefore will be best avoid in patients at risk for bradycardia.(AU)


Na rotina clínica da medicina veterinária felina a sedação é frequentemente requerida para realização de procedimentos diagnósticos ou minimamente invasivos, para minimizar o estresse e facilitar o manuseio dos pacientes. A taxa de mortalidade de gatos submetidos à sedação é mais elevada do que em cães, por esse motivo, é fundamental que os sedativos confiram estabilidade hemodinâmica. A dexmedetomidina (DEX) é um α2-agonista utilizado em felinos para promover sedação e analgesia, porém os estudos têm utilizado doses elevadas, e com isso prejuízos hemodinâmicos importantes foram relatados. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e eletrocardiográficos da baixa dose de DEX em gatos. Para tal, onze felinos saudáveis foram recrutados, foram obtidos valores basais para escore de sedação, pressão arterial sistólica e eletrocardiografia, além do índice de tônus vaso vagal (ITVV). Após dez minutos da aplicação intramuscular (IM) de DEX 5μg/kg todos os exames foram repetidos. Após a DEX, sedação suave foi detectada, e a êmese e sialorreia foram efeitos adversos comuns, observados em média 7 minutos após a injeção IM. Ademais, os principais efeitos eletrocardiográficos foram redução na frequência cardíaca e aumento na amplitude da onda T. O ITVV mais elevado e surgimento de arritmia sinusal respiratória, bem como bradicardia sinusal em alguns gatos, sugerem que a DEX eleva o tônus parassimpático, e por esse motivo deve ser utilizada com cautela em pacientes com predisposição à bradicardia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cats , Dexmedetomidine , Deep Sedation , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists , Bradycardia/veterinary
18.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 3830-3836, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-773645

ABSTRACT

The peeled root,stem or twig of Syringa pinnatifolia is a representative Mongolian folk medicine with the effects of antidepression and pain relief. It has been used for the treatments of heart tingling,heart palpitations,upset,insomnia and other symptoms. Inspired by Mongolian medical theory and clinical practices,this study evaluated the analgesic effect of S. pinnatifolia ethanol extract( T) through three analgesic models including acetic acid writhing test,formalin test,and hot plate test,and the sedative effect of T was evaluated by locomotor activity and synergistic sleeping experiments,and furthermore the effects of T on the GABAergic nervous system were investigated by ELISA,immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and PCR methods. The results showed that T can significantly reduce the number of writhing,the time of paw licking and extend the thermal threshold of mice,suggesting the analgesic effect of T.T also can indicate its sedative effect by reducing the number of activities,decreasing latency of sleeping and extending sleeping time of mice. ELISA results showed that T can increase the content of GABA/Glu in rat cortex,hippocampus,and hypothalamus,and the most significant increase in hypothalamus. The immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that T can up-regulate the expression of GAD67 protein in hypothalamus,and the PCR results showed that T can up-regulate the expression of GABAA Rα1,α2,α3,α5,β1-3,γ1-3 genes,suggesting a sedative effect through the GABAergic nervous system. In conclusion,this study shed insight into the theoretical basis and clinical application of S. pinnatifolia,and also provides inspiration for subsequent development and application.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Analgesics , Pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Pharmacology , Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Pain , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Syringa , Chemistry
19.
Zhongcaoyao ; Zhongcaoyao;(24): 4031-4040, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-850872

ABSTRACT

Volatile oil is the representative effective component of aromatic Chinese materia medica (CMM), which has pharmacological activities such as anti-anxiety, antidepressant, sedative and neuroprotective effects. They can regulate people’s mood through olfactory, skin and other ways of administration, play a role in regulating consciousness, and have unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of emotional diseases such as depression, anxiety, insomnia and so on. As a unique health service resource, it can also play an auxiliary role in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of other physical and mental diseases. However, at present, there are some problems, such as weak basic research, lack of effective and high-quality preparations and products. In this paper, the relevant research literature is summarized, the administration route, efficacy and action mechanism are systematically combed, the existing problems are analyzed and the countermeasures are put forward, so as to provide reference for its in-depth research, further development and utilization.

20.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 4225-4233, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008284

ABSTRACT

Nelumbinis Plumula has the traditional sedative effect,but its mechanism is unclear. In this study,the relationship between traditional sedative effect and hypnotic effect of Nelumbinis Plumula was taken as the starting point to study the hypnotic mechanism of the major medicinal components in Nelumbinis Plumula by the network pharmacology method. Targets of active Nelumbinis Plumula alkaloids were screened by Swiss Target Prediction server,TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM. Targets of hypnotic drugs approved by FDA were screened from Drug Bank,OMIM,TTD databases. The common targets were screened by GO and KEGG pathways. Cytoscape 3. 7. 1 software was used to construct the network of " active component-target-pathway-disease". The results of network analysis showed that 21 active compounds were associated with 44 targets and 28 pathways. Among them,21 compounds,35 targets and 15 pathways were predicted to be related to sedative hypnosis. Nelumbinis Plumula showed the hypnotic effect by acting on neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway,regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway,calcium signaling pathway,cholinergic synapse pathway.This study preliminarily revealed the potential active compounds and possible mechanisms of traditional sedative effect of Nelumbinis Plumula,which provided a theoretical basis for further experimental studies on medicinal materials and its mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hypnotics and Sedatives
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