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La investigación propone la aplicación de la escala APGAR diseñada por Gabriel Smilkstein (1978) adaptada al Perú por Castilla et al. (2014) para evaluar el Funcionamiento Familiar en escolares de Lima Norte en 2024, seleccionándola por su aplicabilidad y disponibilidad. Objetivo: determinar las propiedades psicométricas de esta escala en escolares peruanos. Método: tipo psicométrico, diseño de investigación instrumental y transversal, donde participaron 130 escolares media aritmética entre 11 a 16 años (M=14.09 y DS= 1.378) Lima Norte - Perú. Se analizó la evidencia basada en la estructura interna, confiabilidad, invarianza de medición según sexo, y se halló la validez convergente con la variable autoestima. Resultados: El APGAR indica buenos índices de bondad de ajuste (CFI= 0.974, TLI= 0.071; RMSEA= 0.071 y SRMR=0.067). La confiabilidad de la escala a través de dos coeficientes, el primero coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (α=0.872) y segundo el coeficiente Omega de McDonald (ω=0.844). Asimismo, la correlación entre Funcionalidad familiar y autoestima, el coeficiente de correlación es 0.216 (p <0.05). Conclusiones: La Funcionalidad Familiar es un instrumento multidimensional con aceptables valores de confiabilidad y diferentes fuentes de evidencias de validez. Por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizar APGAR como herramienta adicional para la evaluación de Funcionalidad Familiar en la población de escolares peruanos.
The research proposes the application of the APGAR scale designed by Gabriel Smilkstein (1978) adapted to Peru by Castilla et al. (2014) to assess Family Functioning in schoolchildren in North Lima in 2024, selecting it for its applicability and availability. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of this scale in Peruvian schoolchildren. Method: psychometric type, instrumental and cross-sectional research design, with the participation of 130 schoolchildren between 11 and 16 years of age (M=14.09 and SD= 1.378) Lima Norte - Peru. Evidence based on internal structure, reliability, and invariance of measurement according to sex was analyzed, and convergent validity was found with the self-esteem variable. Results: The APGAR indicates good goodness-of-fit indices (CFI= 0.974, TLI= 0.071; RMSEA= 0.071 and SRMR=0.067). The reliability of the scale through two coefficients, the first being Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.872) and the second being McDonald's Omega coefficient (ω=0.844). Likewise, the correlation between family functionality and self-esteem, the correlation coefficient is 0.216 (p <0.005). Conclusions: Family Functionality is a multidimensional instrument with acceptable reliability values and different sources of validity evidence. Therefore, it is recommended to use APGAR as an additional tool for the evaluation of Family Functionality in the Peruvian school population.
A pesquisa propõe a aplicação da escala APGAR desenhada por Gabriel Smilkstein (1978) adaptada ao Peru por Castilla et al (2014) para avaliar o Funcionamento Familiar em escolares do Norte de Lima em 2024, selecionando-a por sua aplicabilidade e disponibilidade. Objetivo: Determinar as propriedades psicométricas desta escala em escolares peruanos. Método: tipo psicométrico, instrumental e transversal, com a participação de 130 escolares entre 11 e 16 anos (M=14,09 e DP=1,378) Lima Norte - Peru. Foram analisadas evidências baseadas na estrutura interna, confiabilidade e invariância da medida segundo o sexo, e foi encontrada validade convergente com a variável autoestima. Resultados: O APGAR indica bons índices de bondade de ajuste (CFI= 0,974, TLI= 0,071; RMSEA= 0,071 e SRMR=0,067). A confiabilidade da escala através de dois coeficientes, sendo o primeiro o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (α=0,872) e o segundo o coeficiente Omega de McDonald's (ω=0,844). Da mesma forma, na correlação entre funcionalidade familiar e autoestima, o coeficiente de correlação é de 0,216 (p <0,005). Conclusões: A Funcionalidade Familiar é um instrumento multidimensional com valores de confiabilidade aceitáveis e diferentes fontes de evidência de validade. Portanto, recomenda-se a utilização do APGAR como uma ferramenta adicional para a avaliação da Funcionalidade Familiar na população escolar peruana.
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This study was conducted to explore the self- esteem in relation to self- regulation and resilience among school students. The sample of the study comprised of 100 school students from Patiala. The tools of Dhar and Dhar(2005) for self- esteem , Erickson et al. (2015) for self- regulation and Wagnild and Young (2009) for resilience were used in this research. The results of the study had exhibited that there was significant relationship between self- esteem and self- regulation. Moreover, significant association was found between self- esteem and resilience.
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Resumen En un contexto donde la dinámica familiar y la autoestima de los adolescentes se erigen como elementos fundamentales para su desarrollo, esta investigación propone desentrañar las intrincadas conexiones entre ambas variables a través de un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal, y teniendo como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la autoestima durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2022, en 870 estudiantes de bachillerato de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir del cuestionario de funcionamiento familiar FF-SIL y la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg aplicados previamente por el personal del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil. El análisis mostró el predominio de familias moderadamente funcionales en la población estudiada (43,3 % mujeres y 53,9 % hombres), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, la población femenina (45,54 %) y la masculina (47,90 %) con relación a la variable funcionamiento familiar. La autoestima valorada como baja prevaleció en ambos sexos (51,5 % mujeres y 38,8 % hombres), exhibiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la población femenina (25,54) y la masculina (27,54) respecto a esta variable. La correlación del funcionamiento familiar con la autoestima concluyó como estadísticamente significativa directamente proporcional y de baja intensidad. Estos resultados proporcionan una base significativa para futuras intervenciones y políticas destinadas a fortalecer el bienestar psicológico de los adolescentes.
Abstract In a context where family dynamics and adolescent self-esteem stand as fundamental elements for their development, this research proposes to unravel the intricate connections between both variables through a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional study and taking This study aimed to determine the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem during November and December 2022, in 870 high school students in the city of Guayaquil. The data were obtained from the FF-SIL family functioning questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale previously applied by the Student Counseling Department staff. The analysis showed the predominance of moderately functional families in the studied population (43.3% women and 53.9% men), with statistically significant differences between the female population (45.54 %) and the male population (47.90) concerning the family functioning variable. Self-esteem was valued as low prevailed in both sexes (51.5% women and 38.8% men), exhibiting statistically significant differences between the female population (25.54) and the male population (27.54 %) regarding this variable. The correlation of family functioning with self-esteem was statistically significant, directly proportional, and low intensity. These results provide a significant basis for future interventions and policies to strengthen adolescents' psychological well-being.
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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los niveles de depresión y autoestima. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 adultos mayores de entre 65 y 90 años con una media de edad de 71.38, de los cuales un 62% corresponde al género femenino (31 mujeres) y un 38 % al masculino (19 hombres) residentes de una colonia urbana de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México. Para la recolección de datos sobre la variable depresión se aplicó la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage y autoestima se empleó la Escala Rossemberg. Resultados: Para la Depresión el nivel "sin síntoma" fue el de mayor frecuencia con un 56% (n=28) y para la autoestima el nivel "alto" fue el más recurrente con un 54.0% (n=27). Se determino la existencia de una relación estadística negativa moderada entre las variables estudiadas (r=-0.54). Conclusiones: Se presenta una relación estadística negativa moderada entre las variables analizadas, existen una discrepancia de los hallazgos reportados en otras investigaciones, por esto se plantea la necesidad de seguir estudiando el fenómeno en otras poblaciones.
Abstract Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between levels of depression and self-esteem. Material and Methods: The study approach was quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 50 older adults between 65 and 90 years of age with a mean age of 71.38, of whom 62% were female (31 women) and 38% male (19 men) residents of an urban neighborhood in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico. For the collection of data on the variable depression, the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage was applied and the Rossemberg Scale was used for self-esteem. Results: For depression, the "no symptoms" level was the most frequency with 56% (n=28) and for self-esteem the "high" level was the most recurrent with 54.0% (n=27). The existence of a moderate negative statistical relationship between the variables studied was determined (r=-0.54). Conclusions: A moderate negative statistical relationship between the variables analyzed was obtained for the population studied; however, based on the review of the literature, this data still disagrees with the findings reported in other studies, which is why it is necessary to continue studying the phenomenon in other populations.
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Abstract: In recent years taking selfies and posting them on social media has become a social, cultural phenomenon globally. But this behaviour can be detrimental to a person’s mental health, if they are regularly indulging in it. In this study we estimated the prevalence of selfitis and investigated its relationship with self-esteem, appearance anxiety and narcissistic personality trait among 403 students of a medical college in south India, using a cross-sectional study design. Standardised tools such as Selfitis Behaviour Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Appearance Anxiety Inventory and Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 were used to collect data and Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilised to investigate relationship between the study variables. The prevalence of selfitis was found to be 68.4%, with 51.1% having borderline, 16.13% acute, 1.24% chronic-selfitis. A mild positive correlation was found between selfitis and appearance anxiety (r = 0.376). This could be due to the need to seek approval and reassurance about their appearance through increased engagement with selfie-taking behaviour. Also, since the majority of students had features of selfitis (borderline, acute and chronic), they would be spending a large part of each day taking selfies and uploading them on social media. This could interfere with their academic performance and also impede social interactions. We recommend that adolescents need to be educated about the consequences of indulging in excessive selfie-taking behaviour and its negative impact on their perceived self-image.
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Background: Now-a-days, Smartphone offers people great opportunities and luxuries. According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI); in 2021, India had roughly 180.96 million mobile users, and issues by mobile phone use have been significantly increased in recent years Nomophobia is a modern phobia that appeared in this digital era. It is the conjunction of "nonmobile" and "phobia� and refers to the worry, anxiety, and discomfort associated with not having a mobile device when needed. The objectives of this study are to understand (a) prevalence of nomophobia in medical students; (b) association of Nomophobia with self-esteem among medical students; and (c) association of nomophobia with life satisfaction among medical students. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-centred, self-assessable questionnaire-based study. 700 students (pursuing MBBS, internship or residency) from the government medical college, Bhavnagar were enrolled. The participants were assessed by proforma containing demographic details, a questionnaire of Nomophobia (NMPQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The statistical analysis was done with Graph Pad Instat version 3.06 (San Diego, California, US). Proportions were compared by using the Chi-square test while NMPQ, RSES, and SWLS scores were compared by the Students t test. Results: We found all participants had some degree of nomophobia (29% mild, 31.29% moderate, and 5.43% severe). Nomophobia had a significant association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life. Conclusions: Participants with nomophobia are more likely to experience low self-esteem and poor satisfaction with life.
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Cosmetic rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the nose, with implications beyond physical changes. This review synthesizes evidence regarding the psychological effects and quality of life outcomes post-cosmetic rhinoplasty. Through a comprehensive literature review, it explores the psychological aspects, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), the development of assessment tools like the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire, the Derriford assessment scale (DAS), and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The review concludes that while cosmetic rhinoplasty positively impacts psychological well-being and quality of life, further research is needed to understand long-term effects and optimize patient care.
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Background: Women empowerment is an important strategy to reduce maternal and child undernutrition, which continues to be a major health burden in low- and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to assess the effect of women empowerment on their dietary intake in the two selected blocks of Sultanpuri urban slums, West Delhi. Methods: The baseline was conducted using a cross-sectional research method with girls and women (15-35 years). The research was conducted through a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire to capture the information on socio-demographic profiles along with knowledge on social skills, self-esteem, and decision-making. The data were collected on the consumption of food groups in the last 24 hours from 2402 girls and women. We employed unadjusted and adjusted step-wise regression models to assess the effect of domains of women empowerment on dietary intake. Results: The median (interquartile range) age of the women was 27 (22-31) years. We found a 0.17-point increase in the dietary diversity score per one-unit increase in the self-esteem score of the women. Similarly, there was a 0.06-unit increase in the dietary diversity score per one-unit increase in the social skills score of the women. The association remained statistically significant even after adjustments for co-variates like age, education status, and socio-economic status. Conclusions: The present study recommends that focusing on women's empowerment dimensions, particularly social skills, self-esteem, and decision-making power, can be an effective strategy for improving dietary intake among women.
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Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica relacionada con la influencia que tiene la autoestima en el consumo de cannabis de los adolescentes. Materiales y método: Durante el periodo de febrero-abril de 2022 se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura científica publicada en los últimos diez años (2012-2022). Se utilizó la metodología de seis pasos propuesta por Toronto y Remington en los motores de búsqueda de la BVS, PubMed, TRIP y Dialnet, así como, en las bases de datos de Redalyc, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science y CUIDEN. Se encontraron un total de 1,491 artículos, al aplicar criterios de inclusión y eliminación se contemplaron un total de diez estudios cuantitativos en la muestra final. Resultados: Se encontró que los adolescentes con baja autoestima están propensos a influencias que fomentan el inicio de consumo de cannabis. Al considerarse como una actitud positiva de la persona hacia sí misma, favorece el sentimiento de seguridad y regula la conducta mediante un proceso de autoevaluación, de modo que posibilita la adecuación de los adolescentes a su entorno. En este sentido se observaron tres categorías principales: variable moderadora en el consumo de cannabis; variable predictora del consumo de cannabis; y componente de intervención. Conclusiones: Se demostró el papel protector y predictivo de la autoestima para el consumo de cannabis en los adolescentes, asimismo, la detección temprana y las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar las habilidades para la regulación de emociones influenciadas por factores cognitivos son efectivas en la promoción y prevención de consumo de cannabis en el adolescente.
Abstract Objective: To identify the scientific evidence related to the influence of self-esteem on adolescent cannabis use. Materials and method: During the period of february-april 2022, an integrative review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years (2012-2022) was carried out. The sixstep methodology proposed by Toronto and Remington was used in the BVS, PubMed, TRIP and Dialnet search engines, as well as in the Redalyc, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and CUIDEN databases. A total of 1,491 articles were found, when applying inclusion and elimination criteria, a total of ten quantitative studies were considered in the final sample. Results: It was found that adolescents with low self-esteem are prone to influences that encourage the initiation of cannabis use. When considered as a positive attitude of the person towards himself, it favors the feeling of security and regulates behavior through a process of self-evaluation, so that it enables adolescents to adapt to their environment. In this sense, three main categories were observed: moderator variable in cannabis use; predictor variable of cannabis use; and intervention component. Conclusions: The protective and predictive role of self-esteem for cannabis use in adolescents was demonstrated, likewise, early detection and interventions aimed at improving skills for the regulation of emotions influenced by cognitive factors are effective in the promotion and prevention of cannabis use in adolescents.
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Antecedentes existe una relación entre el uso de Instagram y diferentes influencias e interacciones con el bienestar y salud mental de este grupo etario. Objetivo Reconstruir las representaciones sociales acerca de la red social Instagram de adultos emergentes con diferentes niveles de bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal. Método redes semánticas naturales y entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron aplicadas a N=12 adultos emergentes (19 - 27 años) divididos en dos grupos según sus niveles de autoestima corporal y bienestar psicológico. El análisis de datos estuvo basado en análisis de redes semánticas naturales y algunos procedimientos de codificación teórica. Resultados se muestra la presencia del concepto de "acoso" como núcleo central de la representación social de Instagram en el grupo con baja autoestima corporal y bajo bienestar psicológico, a diferencia del grupo con alta autoestima corporal y alto bienestar psicológico en donde el núcleo central fue "red social". Conclusiones en los grupos estudiados, se encontraron dos representaciones sociales diferentes respecto de Instagram. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para aportar a llenar el vacío de conocimiento sobre los significados subjetivos colectivos de los adultos emergentes, teniendo implicancias en la mejor comprensión de las diversas formas de relación que establecen con esta y otras redes sociales.
Background There is a relationship between the use of Instagram and various influences and interactions with the well-being and mental health of this age group. Objective To reconstruct the social representations of the Instagram social network among emerging adults with different levels of psychological well-being and body esteem. Method Natural semantic networks and semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=12 emerging adults (19 - 27 years old) divided into two groups based on their body self-esteem and psychological well-being levels. Data analysis relied on natural semantic network analysis and theoretical coding. Results The concept of "harassment" is revealed as the central core of the social representation of Instagram in the group with low body self-esteem and low psychological well-being, unlike the group with high body esteem and high psychological well-being where the central core was the "social network" itself. Conclusions Two different social representations of Instagram were found in the studied groups. These results could contribute to filling the knowledge gap about the collective subjective meanings of emerging adults, impacting the better understanding of the diverse relationships they establish with this and other social networks.
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La adolescencia es un período crítico para el desarrollo de la autoestima, por ello, es importante que las instituciones educativas promuevan su desarrollo con la finalidad de que los estudiantes tengan los suficientes recursos protectores, de ajuste psicológico y social. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la autoestima y la agresividad en un grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiales y métodos. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes, el número de la muestra por selección aleatoria fue de 324 adolescentes, varones entre 11 y 17 años de edad. Se utilizó la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el cuestionario de agresión-AQ de Buss y Perry; el estudio es de nivel correlacional y el diseño de campo, transversal. Resultados. Mostraron que no existe relación significativa entre las variables, ambas se comportan independientemente, los niveles obtenidos en el estudio fueron medios altos y altos, la agresividad física y verbal fueron predominantes. Conclusiones. Los resultados señalan que no necesariamente por poseer niveles bajos de autoestima, el constructo agresividad se encuentra presente en niveles elevados.
Adolescence is a critical period for the development of self-esteem; therefore, it is important that educational institutions promote its development so that students have sufficient protective, psychological and social adjustment resources. Objective. To determine the relationship between self-esteem and aggressiveness in a group of Peruvian adolescents. Materials and methods. The population consisted of students, the number of the sample by random selection was 324 adolescents, males between 11 and 17 years of age. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Buss and Perry aggression-AQ questionnaire were used; the study was correlational and the field design was cross-sectional. Results. They showed that there is no significant relationship between the variables, both behave independently, the levels obtained in the study were medium high and high, physical and verbal aggression were predominant. Conclusions. The results indicate that the aggressiveness construct is not necessarily present at high levels because of low levels of self-esteem.
A adolescência é um período crítico para o desenvolvimento da autoestima, pelo que é importante que as instituições educativas promovam o seu desenvolvimento para que os alunos disponham de recursos de proteção, psicológicos e de ajustamento social suficientes. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre a autoestima e a agressividade num grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiais e métodos. A população foi constituída por estudantes, o número da amostra por seleção aleatória foi de 324 adolescentes, do sexo masculino, entre os 11 e os 17 anos de idade. Foi utilizada a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg e o questionário de agressividade-AQ de Buss e Perry; o estudo foi correlacional e o desenho de campo foi transversal. Resultados. Mostraram que não há relação significativa entre as variáveis, ambas se comportam de forma independente, os níveis obtidos no estudo foram médio alto e alto, predominando a agressão física e verbal. Conclusões. Os resultados indicam que o constructo agressividade não está necessariamente presente em níveis elevados devido aos baixos níveis de autoestima.
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Humans , Child , Adolescent , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: The adolescent transition phase, spanning ages 10 to 19, is a critical period for development. Assertiveness, characterized by confident expression of rights, and self-esteem, a fundamental human need, are integral aspects of adolescent behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational research design involving 100 adolescents from Basaweshwara Commerce College in Bagalkot was employed. Stratified proportional random sampling was used, and data were collected through the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale and Rathus Assertiveness Scale. Statistical analyses included Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and chi-square tests. Results: Most (87%) of adolescents exhibited poor self-esteem, while a significant portion (87%) displayed positive assertiveness. A negative correlation (-0.074) between self-esteem and assertive behavior was identified. Significant associations were found between self-esteem and sex (?2= 11.89; p<0.05) but not between assertive behavior and sex (?2=0.03; p>0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and adolescent assertive behaviour. Additionally, sex showed a significant association with self-esteem, emphasizing the need for nuanced considerations in understanding the interplay of self-esteem, assertiveness, and socio-demographic factors in this adolescent population.
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Introducción: La autoestima es la valoración que las personas se hacen sobre sí mismas; manifiesta una actitud aprobatoria que señala la medida en que se consideran importantes, capaces, dignas y exitosas, es decir, un juicio de mérito. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de autoestima en adultos mayores. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en 59 pacientes. Se estudiaron las variables sexo, grupos de edades, antecedentes patológicos personales y nivel de autoestima. Resultados: Se observó mayor representación del rango etario entre los 71 y 80 años de edad (n= 29; 49,1 %), sexo femenino (n= 30; 50,8 %). El antecedente patológico personal más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial; se observó predominio del nivel medio de autoestima (n= 38; 64,4 %) y ningún paciente con baja autoestima (n= 0). Conclusiones: El nivel de autoestima predominante en adultos mayores es medio.
Introduction: Self-esteem is the assessment that people make about themselves; manifests an approving attitude that indicates the extent to which they consider themselves important, capable, worthy and successful, that is, a judgment of merit. Objective: To evaluate the level of self-esteem in older adults. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in 59 patients. The variables sex, age groups, personal pathological history and level of self-esteem were studied. Results: Greater representation was observed in the age range between 71 and 80 years of age (n= 29; 49.1%), female (n= 30; 50.8%). The most common personal pathological history was high blood pressure; A predominance of the medium level of self-esteem was observed (n= 38; 64.4%) and no patient with low self-esteem (n= 0). Conclusions: The predominant level of self-esteem in older adults is medium.
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Abstract Introduction Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population. Objective a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Method Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.
Resumen Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal [EPDS] ≥ 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). Método Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados La DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima.
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@#Introduction: Cancer diagnosis may shift an individual’s food choices as well as self-esteem mainly due to the side effects of treatment, which will influence their nutritional status and perception about themselves. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary changes and self-esteem among cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Among the data collected were socio-demographic background, clinical characteristics, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, dietary changes questionnaire before and after cancer diagnosis, self-esteem. Spearman correlation was employed for determining the relationship between dietary changes and self-esteem. Results: Out of 113 subjects, 98 subjects (86.7%) made changes in their dietary intake after being diagnosed with cancer. A total of 58.4% and 45.1% of the subjects reported a decrease in their intake of sugar and condensed milk, while 52.2% stopped consuming red meat. The mean self-esteem score was reported to be average (29.33 ± 3.52). However, no statistically significant association was found between socio-demographic, clinical parameters, and self-esteem with dietary changes. Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrated that cancer patients had made drastic dietary changes following cancer diagnosis especially consumption of red meat and food high in sugar. Most cancer patients had average self-esteem level. Although no association had been found between dietary changes and self-esteem level, it is suggested for more studies should be carried out to provide clear understanding of the factors affecting dietary changes among cancer patients.
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Objective:To explore the features of self-serving bias among adolescents with different tspes of high self-esteem.Methods:A total of 1 027 adolescents were sampled.Among them 230 adolescents with explicit high self-esteem were selected with the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale(RSES),36 adolescents with secure high self-esteem and 36 adolescents with fragile high self-esteem were selected with the Implicit Self-esteem Test(IAT).A 2x2 two factors mixed experimental design by using Face Working Memory Task was conducted to study the self-serving bias of 72 different high self-esteem adolescents.Results:The self-serving bias of different high self-esteem adolescents had statistically significance[F(1,35)=85.41,P＜0.001,η2=0.23].Secure high self-esteem adoles-cents did not show self-serving bias with correct[t(35)=-6.51,P＜0.001,d=5.44]and wrong feedback[t(35)=-10.79,P 0.001,d=6.50].Similarly,fragile high self-esteem adolescents did not show self-serving bias with correct feedback[t(35)=-2.85,P＜0.05,d=2.5],but they showed self-serving bias with wrong feedback[t(35)=6.99,P＜0.001,d=4.49].The interaction between heterogeneous high self-esteem groups and feedback types was significant[F(1,35)=28.65,P＜0.001,η2=0.14].Conclusion:The adolescents with fragile high self-es-teem show obvious self-serving bias with false feedback.The heterogeneity differentiation of high self-esteem is the factor for different self-serving bias among adolescents.
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Objective To explore the predictive effect of family functioning on mobile phone dependency and clarify the mediating role of peer relationships and self-esteem.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect data related to family functioning,self-esteem,and mobile phone dependency of 1 326 middle school students.SPSS 25.0 software was used to describe the data statistically and compare the differences among the demographic characteristics.Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-esteem on family functioning and mobile phone dependency of middle school students and the moderating effect of peer relation-ships.Results Family functioning negatively predicted the mobile phone dependency of middle school students(β=-0.291;95%CI:-0.361--0.224;P<0.001),self-esteem mediated the relationship between family functioning and mobile phone dependency(β=-0.066;95%CI:-0.096--0.044;P<0.001),and peer relationship moderated the mediating role of self-esteem between family func-tioning and mobile phone dependency(β= 0.117;95%CI:0.046-0.188;P= 0.001).Conclusion Family functioning directly affected mobile phone dependency and impacted mobile phone dependency through self-esteem.The mediating effect of self-esteem increases as peer relationships improve.
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BackgroundMobile phone addiction has attracted widespread attention in society， and psychological abuse and neglect is an important factor in predicting mobile phone addiction， whereas limited research has been done to evaluate its impact on mobile phone addiction. ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of psychological abuse and neglect with mobile phone addiction， and to test the pathway of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation， so as to provide references for preventing and curbing mobile phone addiction in junior high school students. MethodsIn May 2022， a cluster sampling was utilized to select 800 students in two middle schools in a county of Hainan Province， and all students were assessed using Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale （CPANS）， Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI）， Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale （SES） and Interpersonal Alienation Scale of Adolescent StudentsAlienation Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to determine the correlation among the above-mentioned scales， and Process Macro 3.5 for SPSS was used to test the mediation effect. ResultsCPANS score was negatively correlated with SES score （r=-0.278， P<0.01）， and positively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score （r=0.471， 0.372， P<0.01）. SES score was negatively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score （r=-0.438， -0.196， P<0.01）. Interpersonal Alienation Scale score was positively correlated with MPAI score （r=0.392， P<0.01）. Interpersonal alienation （indirect effect value was 0.104） played a mediation role in the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction. Self-esteem and interpersonal alienation exhibited a chained mediation effect on the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction （indirect effect value was 0.026）， accounting for 6.99% of the total effect. ConclusionPsychological abuse and neglect can not only directly predict mobile phone addiction， but also can indirectly affect mobile phone addiction through separate mediation of interpersonal alienation or chained mediation of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation. ［Funded by High-level Talent Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation （number， 721RC511）］
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Abstract Background Sexual function plays a very important role in the sexual health of people, and the determination of their related factors reflects the importance of paying attention to sexual function in the cultural context. Objective The present study aimed to the role of sexual self-esteem, sexual desire, and sexual assertiveness in the female sexual function. Methods In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 592 married women of reproductive age referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht city (North of Iran) and eligible for the inclusion criteria were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information form, Halbert's Sexual Rights Questionnaires, Women's Sexual Self-Esteem (short form), Halbert's Sexual Desire, and Female Sexual Function Index. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significant level (p < 0.05). Results The mean and standard deviation of sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, and sexual self-esteem scores were 56.79 ± 18.24, 49.12 ± 26.04, and 98.52 ± 6.11, respectively. Sexual assertiveness (p < 0.01, r = 0.13), sexual desire (p < 0.001, r = 0.178), sexual self-esteem (p < 0.01, r = 0.34) of the participants with the total score, and all areas of female sexual function had a significant positive correlation. Conclusion Based on the findings, there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, the adaptability of sexual self-esteem, and family income with sexual function in participants. However, the unemployment of the spouse had a negative effect on the female sexual function.
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RESUMO A aplicação do Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais (THS), no contexto escolar, pode ser eficaz e relevante para o aumento da autoestima em adolescentes. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo foi revelar, no formato de um estudo de caso único, as técnicas de intervenção aplicadas e analisar as evoluções comportamentais e emocionais de uma adolescente no grupo de THS. A participante deste estudo cursava o nono ano do ensino fundamental II de uma escola privada. Por meio de medidas qualitativas e quantitativas obtidas em avaliações pré e pós-teste, foi possível descrever o processo terapêutico de intervenção do THS e observar, como resultado, o aprimoramento de habilidades sociais acompanhado do aumento do nível de autoestima. No caso analisado, o processo do THS contribuiu para a superação de dificuldades interpessoais. Discute-se que o THS realizado pode ser considerado recurso técnico viável para elevar a autoestima de adolescentes no contexto escolar.
RESUMEN La aplicación de un Entrenamiento en Habilidades Sociales (EHS) en el contexto escolar puede ser efectiva y relevante para aumentar la autoestima en los adolescentes. Siendo así, el objetivo de este artículo fue revelar, en el formato de un estudio de caso único, las técnicas de intervención aplicadas y analizar las evoluciones comportamentales y emocionales de una adolescente del grupo de EHS. La participante en este estudio es una adolescente, en el noveno grado de una escuela privada de Enseñanza Fundamental. A partir de las mediciones cualitativas e cuantitativas obtenidas de las evaluaciones pre e pos entrenamiento fue posible observar la mejoría de sus habilidades sociales y el aumento de los niveles de autoestima. Se concluyó que, en el caso estudiado, el EHS contribuyó para la superación de dificultades interpersonales. Se considera que el Entrenamiento en Habilidades Sociales (EHS), realizado en el contexto escolar, puede considerarse un recurso técnico efectivo para elevar la autoestima de los adolescentes.
ABSTRACT. Social Skills Training (SST) in the school context can be effective and relevant for increasing adolescents' self-esteem. Therefore, this article aimed to reveal, in a single case study format, the intervention techniques applied and to analyze a teenager's behavioral and emotional achievements in an SST group. The participant of this study was a female adolescent in the ninth grade of elementary school at a private school. Qualitative and quantitative data obtained at pre and post-test evaluations allowed us to describe the therapeutic intervention process and observe the improvement of social skills accompanied by increased self-esteem. In the studied case, the SST process contributed to overcoming interpersonal difficulties. The SST applied can be considered a viable technical resource to increase adolescents' self-esteem in the school context.