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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 24(1): 76-100, ene. 2025. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1584679

ABSTRACT

"Gordolobo" (Gnaphalium sp) is a Mexican medicinal plant understudied for the treatment of diabetes; therefore, the aim was to evaluate the chloroformic extract of G sp. (CEG) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Sesquiterpene lactones, polyphenolic compounds, triterpenes and steroids, apigenin, and lauric and myristic acid were identified in CEG by phytochemical, HPLC and GC-MS analysis; and the antioxidant capacity evaluated by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS, inhibited the formation of free radicals. There was no lethality or toxicity at doses of 2000 mg/kg. At doses of 200 mg/kg it did not decrease hyperglycemia; however, it did decrease biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, oxidized proteins, superoxide dismutase) associated with diabetes in pancreas. The ß-cell function, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity were not improved. In conclusion, CEG showed no hypoglycemic activity, but antioxidantactivity in pancreatic tissue.


"Gordolobo" (Gnaphalium sp) es una planta medicinal mexicana poco estudiada para el tratamiento de la diabetes; por el cual, el objetivo fue evaluar el extracto clorofórmico de G sp. (CEG) en ratas diabéticas inducidas por aloxana. Lactonas sesquiterpénicas, compuestos polifenólicos, triterpenos y esteroides, apigenina, y ácido láurico y mirístico, fueron identificados en CEG por análisis fitoquímico, HPLC y GC-MS; y, la capacidad antioxidante evaluada por FRAP, DPPH y ABTS, inhibió la formación de radicales libres. No hubo letalidad o toxicidad a dosis de 2000 mg/kg. A dosis de 200 mg/kg no disminuyó la hiperglucemia; sin embargo, si disminuyó los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo (malondialdehído, proteínas oxidadas, superóxido dismutasa) asociados a la diabetes en páncreas. La función de las células ß, la resistencia a la insulina y la sensibilidad a la misma no se vieron mejoradas. En conclusión, CEG no mostró actividad hipoglucemiante, pero si actividad antioxidante en tejido pancreático.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Gnaphalium/metabolism , Gnaphalium/chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Rats, Wistar , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Medicine, Traditional/methods
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; Rev. biol. trop;72(1): e55957, ene.-dic. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | SaludCR, LILACS | ID: biblio-1559321

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Los vertidos de líquidos inflamables pueden producir accidentes graves, principalmente en plantas industriales y en carretera. Para prevenir la dispersión de derrames, se utilizan diversas formas de recolecta, como la absorción con sólidos porosos. Residuos agroindustriales pueden ser aprovechados como materiales sorbentes de líquidos inflamables. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de absorción de las biomasas residuales del pedúnculo de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y del endocarpio del fruto de coyol (Acrocomia sp.) para cuatro líquidos orgánicos inflamables. Métodos: Las biomasas residuales de E. guineensis y de Acrocomia sp. se evaluaron como sorbentes para combustibles derramados (diésel, queroseno de aviación, queroseno comercial y gasolina). Se midió la cantidad de líquido absorbida por las biomasas a 24 ºC durante una semana, y su cinética de desorción a 50 ºC, usando balanzas de secado. Resultados: La propiedad sorbente del material de Acrocomia sp. no fue satisfactoria, comparada con el pedúnculo de E. guineensis, debido a diferencias en arquitectura residual del material orgánico. Esta última biomasa muestra una capacidad de absorción para los combustibles de 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 a 24 ºC. La diatomita absorbe mayor cantidad de los combustibles estudiados, pero la difusión de estos fluidos a 50 ºC por la matriz mineral es solo 0.26 ± 0.09 veces lo observado para el material de E. guineensis, como resultado del mayor grado de tortuosidad de los poros de la diatomita. Conclusiones: El pedúnculo de palma aceitera (E. guineensis) mostró un adecuado potencial desempeño para la aplicación pasiva en la mitigación de los riesgos de incendio, con respecto a la diatomita. El endocarpio del fruto de Acrocomia sp. no resultó útil para esta operación de recuperación.


Abstract Introduction: Spills of flammable liquids can lead to serious accidents, mainly in industrial plants and on roads. To prevent the spread of spills, various forms of collection are used, such as absorption with porous solids. Agroindustrial waste can be used as sorbent materials for flammable liquids. Objective: To determine the sorption capacity of the residual empty-fruit bunch of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) and the macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) nutshell for four organic flammable liquids. Methods: The residual biomasses of E. guineensis and Acrocomia sp. were assessed as sorbents for spilled fuels (diesel, jet fuel, commercial kerosene, and gasoline). Volumetric measurement of liquid-fuel absorption at 24 ºC was taken during a week. Desorption was measured at 50 ºC as the drying kinetics, by using moisture scales. Results: The sorption capacity of the Acrocomia sp. material was not satisfactory, compared to the E. guineensis residual material, due to differences in the residual architecture of the organic material. This last can absorb 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 at 24 ºC, during a one-week period. Diatomite absorbs greater quantities of the organic liquids but, the fluids diffusion at 50 ºC is 0.26 ± 0.09 times more slowly in the mineral matrix, because of the greater pore tortuosity in this mineral matrix. Conclusions: The oil-palm empty fruit bunch of E. guineensis, showed lesser but adequate performance than the sorbing behavior for fire hazard mitigation of diatomite. The nutshell of macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) did not prove to be useful for this recovery operation.


Subject(s)
Palm Oil/analysis , Fire Extinguishing Systems , Plant Oils/analysis , Kerosene
3.
J Biosci ; 2024 Oct; 49: 1-10
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-237886

ABSTRACT

Peanut is susceptible to many diseases; among them, peanut smut disease caused by Thecaphora frezzii is the most damaging, causing yield losses of 30%. Fungicide treatment is not effective to control this disease. In this scenario, biological control would be an alternative to diminish the disease. Systemic resistance induced by a biotic agent is known to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In this study we evaluated the effect of different inoculation strategies of Bacillus sp. CHEP5, a peanut native strain, on peanut smut incidence and severity in field experiments. Peroxidase activity and accumulation of phenolic compounds were measured as changes associated with induced defensive traits. After three consecutive field trials, we found that Bacillus sp. CHEP5 inoculation protects peanut from T. frezzii because incidence and severity were reduced in two field trials. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation in the furrow followed by foliar application around the date of peg development would be the best strategy to control the disease. In addition, a correlation was found between increase in plant phenolic content and decrease in smut disease parameters. Thereafter, we concluded that Bacillus sp. CHEP5 may reduce smut as a result of plant defence response induction.

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-241148

ABSTRACT

This study aims to thoroughly investigate the biology of a significant endo-larval parasitoid of muga silkworms, Blepharipa sp. (Walker). The research was conducted both in the field, where muga silkworms were reared under net conditions with temperature, humidity and rainfall levels ranging from 13.48-26.73 77%-78.5% and 0mm-86mm and allowed to be infested by the uzi fly, and in the laboratory at room temperature and humidity. The findings revealed that the life cycle of Blepharipa sp. is completed in an average of 30 days for males and 33 days for females, with an incubation period of 2.40 days, a larval period of 6.20 days, a pupal period of 12.40 days, and adult longevity of 10.80 days for males and 12.00 days for females. Additional aspects such as peak infestation season and oviposition sites were also studied. The mortality rate due to uzi fly infestation was 100%, with worms dying either before the spinning stage or inside their cocoons, resulting in defective cocoons unsuitable for reeling. Given the severe economic losses and demotivation caused to farmers by this pest, a thorough understanding of its biology is of utmost importance.

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-241595

ABSTRACT

Fusarium wilt of Tomato is considered as one of the most important diseases of Tomato both in eld and greenhouses worldwide. In present research four fungicides [Mn(PA)2(BH)2], [Mn(PA)2(BY)2], [Co(PA)2(BH)2] and [Co(PA)2(BY)2] were evaluated for their efcacy against the disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (in vitro). Five different concentrations (100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000ppm) were used for assessment of their inhibitory activities against the pathogen through mycelial growth innovation on Tomato. The result of tests revealed a different degree of efcacy of all tested fungicides in reducing disease infestation. Antifungal screening indicates that the complexes show enhanced antifungal activities against the fungal strains as compared with parent compound

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-239771

ABSTRACT

Aims: The present work is aimed to prepare microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder from cotton linters by an eco-friendly bio-chemical process and to evaluate the prepared MCC as tablet excipients. Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Ginning Training Center, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India during June to December, 2019. Methodology: The MCC was prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic and chemical methods and compared with commercial grade MCC (Avicel® PH101). The crude enzyme extract of Aspergillus sp. VM-1 was obtained by solid-state fermentation and used for hydrolysis of cotton linters at 60? for 60 min. In the chemical process, 10% alkali was used for hydrolysis at boiling temperature for 60 min. In both the processes, the hydrolyzed cotton linters were bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The MCC powders were characterized for physico-chemical and tableting properties based on Indian Pharmacopeia (IP) and Untied States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. Results: The ?-cellulose content (%) in the synthesized MCC by enzymatic process was 98.1 while the commercial grade MCC, Avicel® PH101 had 98.5. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized MCC by enzymatic process were comparable with Avicel PH101 and meet the IP standards. The degree of polymerization (DP) of prepared MCC and Avicel PH101 were 215 and 157, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of synthesized MCC had similarity to that of Avicel® PH101. The tableting properties of prepared MCC met USP standards. The MCC prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic was found to be superior to chemical process with respect to cellulose yield, degree of polymerization and tablet dissolution property. Conclusion: The results showed MCC synthesized from cotton linters through enzymatic route is a promising candidate for direct compressible excipient of tablet. The present study highlights that the enzymatic process significantly reduces the alkali usage and heating temperature and thus saves the chemicals and energy in the process.

7.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-242211

ABSTRACT

Background: An estimated 200 million people worldwide have osteoporosis, which causes 8.9 million fractures. Menopausal estrogen insufficiency promotes bone resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) is measured by DXA, which does not detect skeletal activity. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) like PINP improve prognosis and therapy monitoring. Due to its stability and sensitivity, the IOF/IFCC recommends using the PINP test to evaluate bone development. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Govt Doon Medical College & Hospital, in collaboration with the Orthopaedics department, Govt Doon Medical College & Hospital. A total of 172 postmenopausal women from Uttrakhand were included in this study, and the duration was 24 months to evaluate P1NP, osteocalcin, and BMD levels. The women were without menstruation and >40 UI/L FSH. P1NP blood samples were collected within a two-week timeframe after DXA testing. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess BMD at different locations. Results suggested bone turnover indicators might be used clinically alongside BMD. Results: Quarterlies of postmenopausal serum P1NP concentrations: 38.1 to 54.0 ng/mL in the 1st quartile, 30.2 to 54.1 in the 4th . Negative s-P1NP-BMD normalized correlation coefficients at various sites. Comparison of P1NP levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and healthy controls, categorized by demographic factors. Compare s-P1NP levels across BMD quartiles and study and control groups. Sensitivity analysis compares P1NP levels across groups and conditions. Conclusion: The study has concluded that increased s-P1NP concentrations are associated with reduced BMD.

8.
J Biosci ; 2024 May; 49: 1-11
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-237971

ABSTRACT

Bacterial species referred to as magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize iron oxides and iron sulphides inside the cell. Bacteria can arrange themselves passively along geomagnetic field lines with the aid of these iron components known as magnetosomes. In this study, magnetosome nanoparticles, which were obtained from the taxonomically identified MTB isolate Providencia sp. PRB-1, were characterized and their antibacterial activity was evaluated. An in vitro test showed that magnetosome nanoparticles significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Magnetosomes were found to contain cuboidal iron crystals with an average size of 42 nm measured by particle size analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis. The energy dispersive X-ray examination revealed that Fe and O were present in the extracted magnetosomes. The extracted magnetosome nanoparticles displayed maximum absorption at 260 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The distinct magnetite peak in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra was observed at 574.75 cm?1. More research is needed into the intriguing prospect of biogenic magnetosome nanoparticles for antibacterial applications.

9.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-236693

ABSTRACT

A significant environmental problem that has recently gained global notoriety is heavy metal pollution. Therefore, removal techniques are required. The environmental dissemination of heavy metals (HMs) can result in serious ecological and health risks. A possible alternative to traditional physical and chemical approaches is bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to eliminate contaminants. The ability of Bacillus species to create biosurfactants, siderophores, and enzymes that can sequester, solubilize, and convert HMs sets them apart from other microbes employed in bioremediation, which has led to their discovery as one of the most efficient. This review paper highlights the application of Bacillus species for the remediation of HMs in the environment. The paper focuses on elucidating the diverse heavy metal remediation mechanisms employed by Bacillus bacteria and provides an overview of the factors that influence the efficacy of bioremediation utilizing Bacillus sp. The benefits and drawbacks of employing Bacillus sp. for bioremediation are also discussed in the paper, along with recent advancement and difficulties in this area. The findings of this review demonstrate that Bacillus sp. has a significant potential for bioremediation of HMs, as evidenced by several studies. A cost-effective, sustainable, and ecologically acceptable method for bioremediation, Bacillus sp. has the added benefit of being able to remove a variety of HMs. This review paper comes to the conclusion that Bacillus sp. may be an effective choice for use in the bioremediation of heavy metal contamination in the years to come.

10.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-241231

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the microbiological and nutrient composition of naturally fermented apple cider. Place and Study Duration: Department of Microbiology, between June and August 2023. Methodology: The purchased apples were weighed, cut into dice, cleaned, and incorporated into distilled water. Subsequently, they were allowed to ferment spontaneously at room temperature in a 500 mL conical flask. The sample was inoculated onto sterilized glucose yeast carbonate agar and subsequently incubated at 30°C for 48 hours. The colony characteristics of the isolates on glucose yeast carbonate agar were observed. Gram’s staining and other standard biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolates. During the fermentation period, the pH of the sample was determined. The proximate content (moisture, protein, crude fat, and carbohydrate) of the apple cider was also analyzed. Results: Microscopy revealed the isolates to be Gram-negative bacteria with rod-shaped morphology. The growth characteristics of the isolates on selective media and the results of biochemical tests suggested the presence of Acetobacter sp. The pH of the sample tends towards 4.0, suggesting the production of acidic compound. The apple cider produced had a high moisture content (78.04%), and the protein content was 20.04%. The results showed low concentrations of ash content (0.49%), carbohydrate (0.44%), and lipid (0.99%). Conclusion: The presence of macro and micronutrients in apple cider has been associated with some positive health effects, which are enhanced through fermentation, making them a valuable option for health-conscious consumers.

11.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-239754

ABSTRACT

Present investigation on Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato was carried out at department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Latur to find out antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles produced from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Characterization of silver nanoparticles were carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which revealed that synthesized nanoparticles were having the UV absorption peak at 420 nm and nanoprticle size was 50 nm. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato by using Agar well diffusion method and Poisoned food technique. In Agar well diffusion method, the highest zone of inhibition 18.66 mm was recorded at 100 ppm concentration than other treatments. In poisoned food technique, the suspension of silver nanoparticles at 100 ppm concentration recorded highest (75.19%) inhibition. This was followed by 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 10 ppm conc. and Trichoderma culture filtrate which recorded 66.67%, 58.89%, 54.45% and 51.45% inhibition, respectively. Growth of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato decreased drastically with increase in the concentration of the silver nanoparticles.

12.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-237592

ABSTRACT

Marine fish oils contain various fatty acids (FAs) which are important for human health. Due to the variation of species and origins, the FA compositions were truly affected. This research aimed to quantify FAs of fish oils from various Epinephelus sp. and Lutjanus sp. obtained from different locations around Southeast Sulawesi coast Indonesia using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and to create classification models using chemometrics techniques. Different locations affected the amounts of FAs from each type of fish oil. The FA composition of fish oil consisted of 45%–61% saturated FAs, 19.16%–39.30% monosaturated FAs, and 11.51%–30.20% polyunsaturated FAs. Supervised pattern recognition chemometrics such as partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), sparse PLS-DA, and orthogonal PLS-DA could be used for the classification of fish oils extracted from Epinephelus sp. and Lutjanus sp. FAs of tricosanoate (C23:0), trans-9-elaidate (C18:1t), linolelaidate (C18:2t), cis-11,14,17- eicosatrienoate (C20:3), palmitate (C16:0), stearate (C18:0), cis-9 oleate (C18:1), and myristate (C14:0) were considered for their significant contributions in discriminating Epinephelus fish oils and Lutjanus fish oils (variable importance in projection score > 1). Heatmap analysis showed that the distribution of each FA in all fish oil samples. This study could be very useful for the authentication and quality control of fish oils based on their FA compositions and classification analysis using chemometrics.

13.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-236681

ABSTRACT

Geobacillus is a thermophilic bacterium known for its ability to produce various metabolites, including thermostable enzymes, chemical compounds, and antimicrobial peptides, particularly bacteriocins. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial potential of Geobacillus subterraneus Tm6Sp1, isolated from the crater of Mount Kamojang in Indonesia, as a novel approach for combating pathogenic bacteria. The utilization of cell immobilization techniques provided an environment conducive to antibacterial substance production and facilitated higher cell density for enhanced communication. Antibacterial preparations were carried out by cultivating G. subterraneus in Mueller- Hinton Broth supplemented with CaCl2 and MgSO4 for 18 h. The antibacterial activity of free and immobilized cells was evaluated at 55°C, with culture broth collected at 18-h intervals for up to four repeated batch fermentations. The resulting G. subterraneus filtrates were then tested for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The findings revealed that the maximum antibacterial activity was observed in the first batch of free cells, exhibiting inhibition zones of 6.90 mm, 10.05 mm, and 16.54 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritica, and Escherichia coli, respectively. Conversely, immobilized cells in the fourth batch demonstrated higher inhibition zones of 8.54 mm, 19.75 mm, and 18.04 mm against S. aureus, S. enteritica, and E. coli, respectively. In conclusion, immobilized cells of G. subterraneus exhibited optimal antibacterial substance production in the fourth batch of fermentation, showing antagonistic activity against several pathogenic bacteria.

14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1021571

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:Congenital clubfoot mainly manifests as abnormal bone itself and abnormal cartilage development.The bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein(Smad)signaling pathway can direct the development of bone and cartilage during embryonic period,but its role in the field of clubfoot etiology has not been confirmed in animal experiments. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which the BMP/Smad signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of foot and ankle chondroplasia in a rat congenital clubfoot model. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats at 10 days of gestation with the same growth condition were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was intragastrically given 135 mg/kg retinoic acid to make the clubfoot model,while the control group was given the same amount of vegetable oil.The fetal rats were taken out after 21 days of gestation by cesarean section.In the experimental group,the 27 of 41 fetal rats had clubfoot,with a deformity rate of 65.9%;in the control group,no clubfoot was observed in all the 36 fetuses.The ankles tissues of the rats were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot assay,RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression levels of Smad5 and P-Smad5,the core proteins of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway,as well as SP7 and Sox9,the downstream proteins of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the cartilage matrix in the foot and ankle tissues increased and the gap between the bones increased in the experimental group.Immunohistochemical findings showed that the expression levels of Smad5 and SP7 decreased in the experimental group,while the mRNA expression of Sox9 increased.RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of Smad5 and SP7 decreased,while the mRNA expression of Sox9 increased in the foot and ankle tissues of rats in the experimental group.Western blot results showed that P-Smad5/Smad5 expression and SP7 expression were decreased and Sox9 expression was increased in the ankle of rats in the experimental group.To conclude,the occurrence of cartilage abnormalities in the foot and ankle of the rat model of congenital clubfoot is associated with impaired transmission of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.

15.
Chinese Journal of Immunology ; (12): 513-518, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1024755

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate effect of acacetin on alveolar epithelial cell damage caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)infection by regulating sirtuin 1(Sirt1)-mediated 5'-AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.Methods:Alveolar epithelial cells A549 cultured in vitro were infected with SP to establish a cell damage model.After treatment with acacetin at final concentrations of 0,5,25,50,100,150,200 μmol/L,CCK-8 was performed to detect cell viability of each treatment group and optimal concentration of acacetin was screened.A549 cells cultured in vitro were ran-domly separated into five groups:control group,model group,acacetin(150 μmol/L)group,EX527(Sirt1 inhibitor,40 μmol/L)group,acacetin(150 μmol/L)+EX527(40 μmol/L)group,control group was not treated,other groups were infected with SP to establish a cell damage model,and then treated with 150 μmol/L acacetin and 40 μmol/L EX527,CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rate in each group;kits were performed to measure levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and IL-10,IL-1β,TNF-α levels of cells in each group;Western blot was performed to measure proliferation-related proteins Ki-67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),apoptosis-related proteins caspase-9,Bax,Sirt1 and AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway proteins p-AMPK/AMPK,Nrf2 expres-sions of cells in each group.Results:Model group had decreased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and increased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels than control group(P<0.05).Compared with model group and acacetin+EX527 group,acacetin group had increased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and decreased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05);EX527 group had decreased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and increased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acnestin can activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling by up-regulating Sirt1 expression,thereby promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory factors,reducing production of ROS and pro-inflammatory factors,reducing inflammation and oxidative stress,and finally alleviating neuronal damage.

16.
Chinese Journal of Immunology ; (12): 519-523, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1024756

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore effect and molecular mechanism of transcription factor SP1 on apoptosis and inflammatory response of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:To construct a DR model of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMECs),cells were divided into Control group,HG group,HG+si-NC group,HG+si-SP1 group,HG+si-SP1+oe-NC group and HG+si-SP1+oe-MAP3K1 group by transfection.RT-qPCR was used to detect expressions of SP1 and MAP3K1;flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis;ELISA was used to detect contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in cells;binding site between SP1 and MAP3K1 promoter were found by bioinformatics,and ChIP-qPCR was used to detect binding of SP1 to the MAP3K1 promoter.Results:Compared with control group,expressions of SP1 and MAP3K1 in hRMECs treated with HG were increased(P<0.05).Inhibition of SP1 expression,apoptosis rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Inhibition of SP1 reduced expression of MAP3K1.Further overexpression of MAP3K1 reversed inhibitory effect of si-SP1 on HG-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses in hRMECs.Conclusion:Transcription factor SP1 promotes apoptosis and inflammatory response of DR cells by promoting expression of MAP3K1.

17.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1030545

ABSTRACT

Aims@#Melon Manis Terengganu, MMT is one of the economically important fruits in Terengganu, which contains numerous nutritional values and bioactive compounds that benefit human health. The major problem is MMT has been affected by Fusarium sp., which is the common fungus in the Cucurbitaceae family resulting in Fusarium wilt disease and lowering melon production. It may also affect the antioxidant value of MMT; however, limited study has been conducted on this issue. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic activities in response to Fusarium sp. (S2 and S4) infection. @*Methodology and results@#In this study, MMT leaves were incubated in culture filtrate (CF) obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. The antioxidative responses were assayed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days of treatment. In response to Fusarium infection, the ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and carotenoid content were significantly stimulated at the early stages of the experiment and slowly reduced afterward. This current study also demonstrated that the CAT-specific activities were initially induced in S2 CF-treated leaves. Similar APX and gPOD specific activity patterns were observed in both S2 and S4 CFs treatments. The APX and gPOD-specific activities were induced at the later stages of infection in S4 CF-treated leaves. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study: @#The results revealed that enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants worked together to fight against stress caused by the fungal infection, with the activation of the plant defense system.

18.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469294

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atmospheric plasma application on the inactivation of fungi on the surface of Erythrina velutina seeds and on isolated fungal colonies. Two experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. First, plasma was applied to the surface of the seeds using helium gas and atmospheric plasma for 3, 6, and 9 min in addition to the control (untreated seeds), constituting seven treatments with five repetitions each. In the second experiment, Petri dishes containing the inoculum of different fungi were treated with atmospheric air plasma for 3, 6, and 9 min (Air-3, Air-6, and Air-9) and were compared with untreated fungi in Petri dishes without treatment (control), totaling four treatments and five repetitions each. We found that the application of atmospheric air plasma to E. velutina seeds for 9 min had an antimicrobial effect on the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Brachysporium sp., and Rhizopus sp. The formation of fungal colonies isolated from E. velutina seeds was also inhibited by 3 min of exposure to atmospheric air plasma, except for A. niger, whose inhibition occurred after 6 min of exposure to atmospheric plasma.


Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de plasma atmosférico na inativação de fungos na superfície de sementes de Erythrina velutina e em colônias fúngicas isoladas. Dois experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado: no primeiro, o plasma foi aplicado na superfície das sementes usando gás hélio e plasma atmosférico por três, seis e nove minutos, além do controle (sementes sem tratamento), constituindo sete tratamentos com cinco repetições cada; no segundo experimento, placas de Petri contendo o inóculo de diferentes fungos foram tratadas com plasma atmosférico por três, seis e nove minutos (Air-3, Air-6 e Air-9) e comparadas com fungos não tratados em placas de Petri sem tratamento (controle), totalizando quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições cada. Descobrimos que a aplicação de plasma atmosférico nas sementes de E. velutina por nove minutos teve efeito antimicrobiano sobre os fungos Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Brachysporium sp. e Rhizopus sp. A formação de colônias fúngicas isoladas de sementes de E. velutina também foi inibida por três minutos de exposição à aplicação de plasma atmosférico, exceto para A. niger, cuja inibição ocorreu a partir de 6 minutos de exposição à aplicação de plasma atmosférico.

19.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469324

ABSTRACT

Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.


Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.

20.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e253598, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355857

ABSTRACT

Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.


Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Aphids , Malpighiales , Trees , Ecosystem , Insecta
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