La educación ambiental y para el cambio climático en Latinoamérica: una revisión de alcance / Environmental and climate change education in Latin America: A scoping review

Resumen Introducción/objetivo: La educación ambiental y la educación para el cambio climático son dos iniciativas fundamentales para Latinoamérica; sin embargo, pocos trabajos han descrito a profundidad la investigación disponible en la región sobre estas. Método: Se implementó una revisión de alcance tipo Prisma de trabajos empíricos (análisis cuantitativo, cualitativo y mixto), en español, inglés o portugués, en Scielo, Redalyc y Scopus. Resultados: un total de 66 artículos conformaron la base final. En general, la educación ambiental y la educación para el cambio climático han sido abordadas interdisciplinariamente, aunque con un predominio del campo educación. Los dominios incluyen el conocimiento ambiental, actitudes proambientales, prácticas de siembra y cuidado animal. Hay reportes en todos los niveles de formación, con una mayoría en educación superior. Los efectos de las intervenciones son positivos; sin embargo, solo en una investigación se reporta el registro de seguimientos y en pocas hay registro de comportamientos. Conclusiones: las implicaciones para el diseño de actividades educativas de educación ambiental y educación para el cambio climático consisten en que estas aborden problemáticas ambientales locales, integren diferentes disciplinas, incluyan actividades de interacción con la naturaleza y duren más de un semestre lectivo.

Abstract Introduction/objective: Environmental education and climate change education are two fundamental initiatives for Latin America, however, few works have described in depth the research available in the region on them. Method: A Prisma-type scoping review of empirical papers (quantitative, qualitative and mixed analysis), in Spanish, English or Portuguese, was implemented in Scielo, Redalyc and Scopus. Results: a total of 66 articles made up the final database. In general, environmental education and climate change education have been approached interdisciplinarily, although with a predominance of the field of education. The domains include environmental knowledge, pro-environmental attitudes, planting practices and animal care. There are reports at all levels of education, with a majority in higher education. The effects of the interventions are positive; however, only one research reports a record of follow-ups and in few there is a record of behaviors. Conclusions: the implications for the design of environmental education and climate change education activities are that they should address local environmental problems, integrate different disciplines, include interaction activities with nature and last more than one school semester.

Una odontología sustentable para Chile: revisión narrativa desde una perspectiva ecológica y sustentable

Introducción: la gestión inadecuada de residuos en el sector de la salud, especialmente en odontología, conlleva riesgos para la salud y el medio ambiente. En Chile, el reglamento sobre manejo de residuos de establecimientos de atención de salud (REAS) clasifica los residuos según su riesgo. La odontología sostenible, mediante prácticas como las 3 R y un modelo ampliado de 5 R, reduce impactos ambientales y costos, atrayendo a pacientes ecoconscientes. Objetivos: identificar el impacto ambiental de residuos en odontología y, utilizando el modelo de 5R, proponer acciones ecológicas basadas en evidencia, que se puedan aplicar en Chile. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre el manejo de residuos generados en servicios dentales y prácticas sustentables durante la atención. Se utilizaron 30 artículos para lograr los objetivos. Resultados: los residuos odontológicos, en especial los quirúrgicos, provocan un impacto desmesurado en el medio ambiente. La generación y gestión de estos residuos dependen directamente de los profesionales. La odontología ecológica se centra en la adopción de prácticas sustentables y diferentes tecnologías e innovaciones para reducir el consumo de energía y la generación de residuos. Se presentan alternativas basadas en las 5R (reducir, reutilizar, reciclar, reflexionar e investigar) para disminuir la huella ambiental en la odontología. Conclusión: abordar el impacto ambiental de la odontología es crucial. La odontología sostenible requiere un enfoque interdisciplinario, prácticas más ecoamigables y políticas públicas adecuadas. La educación continua, la investigación y la concienciación ambiental son esenciales para este cambio. El método de las 5R es clave para fomentar la sostenibilidad en la odontología.

Introduction: Inadequate waste management in the healthcare sector, especially in dentistry, poses risks to health and the environment. In Chile, regulations on waste management from health care facilities (REAS) classify waste according to its risk level. Sustainable dentistry, through practices such as the 3 Rs and an expanded model of the 5 Rs, reduces environmental impacts and costs, appealing to eco-conscious patients. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was performed on the management of waste generated in dental services and sustainable practices during care. Thirty articles were used to achieve the objectives. Results: Dental waste, especially surgical waste, has a disproportionate impact on the environment. The generation and management of these wastes depend directly on professionals. Ecological dentistry focuses on adopting sustainable practices and different technologies and innovations to reduce energy consumption and waste generation. Alternatives based on the 4 Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle, and reflect) are presented to reduce the environmental footprint in dentistry. Alternatives based on the 5Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, and research) are presented to reduce the environmental footprint in dentistry. Conclusion: Addressing the environmental impact of dentistry is crucial. Sustainable dentistry requires an interdisciplinary approach, eco-friendly practices, and appropriate public policies. Continuous education, research, and environmental awareness are essential for this change. The 5R method is key to promoting sustainability in dentistry.

Predictors of the resurgence and sustainability of open defecation-free status among adult residents in Kibwezi East Sub County, Makueni County, Kenya

Background: Worldwide, 2.4 billion persons lack improved sanitation and practice open defecation. In Kenya, about 14% of its population defecates in the open and the country loses over $324 million a year due to poor sanitation. The study focused on establishing infrastructural factors influencing the resurgence and sustainability of open-defecation-free status among adult residents in Kibwezi East Sub-County of Makueni County, Kenya. Methods: The study employed purposeful, cluster, proportionate, simple random sampling and descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants included residents aged 18 or older, who lived in the area at least two years. Chi-square tests at p?0.05 examined relationships between independent and dependent variables. Results: Majority of respondents were Christian (98.8%), with 52.9% completing primary education. Most were female (68.6%), married (89.1%), and averaged 48.40 years. Education at or below primary level increased the likelihood of not sustaining ODF practices (uOR=1.567, 95% CI: 1.061-2.315, p=0.024). Sanitary facilities were often within 10-50 m (59.5%), with a median walk time of 3.0 min. ODF sustainability was less likely without user-friendly facilities (uOR=2.47, p<0.001) and with roofless toilets (uOR=0.355, p<0.001). Longer walking times (>3 min) reduced ODF sustainability (uOR=0.341, p<0.001). Absence of designated open defecation sites increased ODF odds by 1.669 times (UOR=1.669, p<0.001), and odor-free toilets enhanced sustainability (UOR=1.287, p=0.030). Conclusions: The results highlight the significance of socio-demographic factors, including education levels, and infrastructural in maintaining ODF status.

Sustainability of exclusive breast feeding among primigravida women: a hospital based study in eastern India

Background: EBF for 6 months is a challenge for many mothers. The WHO reported the prevalence of EBF lasting at least 6 months as 38% in 2013 and most recently reported as 44% in 2021. As a result, the WHO has set strategic goals for 6-month EBF to achieve 70% prevalence worldwide by 2030. Methods: Descriptive survey research design was used, with the variables as sustainability of Exclusive Breast Feeding among 100 postnatal primi gravida attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Sampling technique was Systemic random sampling technique. Standardized tool (Feed Cat Tool) was used as a data collection instruments. Results: 93% mother fed exclusively their infant with breast milk whereas 5% fed their infant both with breast milk and formula milk and 2% did not fed their infant with breast milk they gave only formula milk to their infant upto 1.6 months of their infant age. At 3 months, 81% fed exclusively their infant with breast milk only whereas 17% fed their infant both with breast milk and formula milk At 6 months 73% fed exclusively their infant with breast milk whereas 24% fed their infant both with breast milk and formula milk. Conclusions: The sustainability of Exclusive Breast Feeding reduces with the increase in infant’s age. The study had limitations like, the data were collected after their discharge form hospital stay during their follow up visits and by interview technique only which may lead to inaccurate evaluation.

Interpretation of Expert consensus on community screening of diabetic retinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is listed as one of the chronic diseases that should be focused on in the "14th Five-Year" National Eye Health Plan (2021-2025). Early screening is one of the effective measures to reduce blindness caused by DR. Establishing an efficient and practical community screening model is a powerful guarantee for completing early screening. The Ocular Fundus Diseases Group of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has led the development of Expert consensus on community screening of diabetic retinopathy among DR community screening experts that is suitable for the current national situation, in order to guide and promote the further improvement of DR community screening work in China. This Expert Consensus provides detailed specifications on the current domestic trend of DR, the necessity of screening, the role of artificial intelligence grading, screening process, and quality control. This interpretation further emphasizes the importance of DR community screening, while emphasizing the responsibilities of different departments in the screening process. Finally, recommendations are provided for the sustainability of DR community screening. It is hoped that the screening rate of DR in China can be improved and blindness can be reduced by DR through Expert consensus on community screening of diabetic retinopathy and interpretation of the content.

Effect of polygenic risk score in the sustainability of childhood obesity intervention / 中国儿童保健杂志

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between polygenic risk score (PRS) and the sustainability of childhood obesity intervention, in order to provide scientific basis for future sustainable and personalized childhood obesity intervention based on genetic background. 【Methods】 A total of 148 children with overweight/obesity at baseline were selected as study subjects from a cluster randomized controlled trial (September 2018 to April 2021) regarding the effect of a childhood obesity intervention in Beijing, China. Saliva was collected to detect the whole genome sequencing. Four PRSs were built: weighted and unweighted PRS69, weighted and unweighted PRS67. The interactions between PRS and study arms on the sustainability of intervention effect (the changes in obesity-related indicators between the end of the intervention and the last follow-up) were analyzed. 【Results】 There were interactions between PRS and study arms on the rebound degree of waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI, and systolic blood pressure after the intervention. Compared with the control group, children in the intervention group carried each additional unit (standard deviation) of weighted PRS69, the waist circumference adjusted for BMI rebounded more by 0.34 (95%CI: 0.05 - 0.63, P=0.020), and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI rebounded more by 0.29 (95%CI: 0.03 - 0.56, P=0.031) at the last follow-up survey. When children in the intervention group carried each additional unit (standard deviation) of weighted PRS67 and unweighted PRS67, systolic blood pressure at the last follow-up survey rebounded more by 3.58 (95%CI:0.50 - 6.66, P=0.023) and 3.75 (95%CI: 0.78 - 6.71, P=0.014), respectively. 【Conclusions】 The higher PRS (the more risk alleles) children with overweight/obesity carried, their waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure are more likely to rebound after the intervention. Findings from this study suggest that future studies should focus more on these high-risk children after the intervention to prevent and control obesity rebound.

Flocking to Transform Lives in Inequality: Including Evidence-Based Indigenous Knowledge in Inclusive Education Agendas / Reunindo-Se para Transformar Vidas na Desigualdade: Incluindo o Conhecimento Nativo Baseado em Evidências nas Agendas de Educação Inclusiva

ABSTRACT This article uses the case of Afrocentric knowledge on resilience to argue for the presence of indigenous knowledge into inclusive education agendas to enable transformation in highly unequal spaces. The premise is that local, indigenous knowledge serves as evidence of effective and efficient buffering against inequality that gives insight into low-threshold options for transformation. When people are disproportionally structurally at risk they have limited access to resources and their potential to thrive is limited - as is the case in emerging economy contexts. Ironically, although the need for transformation is highest in extremely unequal contexts, knowledge from the Global South and emerging economies remain underrepresented in global discourses on development. Rather, development agendas and mechanisms (including for inclusive education) are grounded in Eurocentric and Global North notions of change, inclusion, wellbeing, resource distribution, and service delivery. Indigenous knowledge provides evidence of how, intergenerationally, people push towards available resources as a way to draw on limited resources and promote inclusive, positive development for many. The article uses the evidence from an Afrocentric indigenous psychology theory, Relationship Resourced Resilience, to posit the use of indigenous knowledge in inclusive education to enable transformation in response to hardship that promotes inclusive, collective wellbeing.

RESUMO Este artigo utiliza o caso do conhecimento afrocêntrico sobre resiliência para defender a presença do conhecimento nativo nas agendas de educação inclusiva para permitir a transformação em espaços altamente desiguais. A premissa é de que o conhecimento local e nativo serve como evidência de uma proteção eficaz e eficiente contra a desigualdade, que fornece informações sobre opções de transformação de baixo limiar. Quando as pessoas estão em risco estrutural desproporcional, elas têm acesso limitado aos recursos, e o seu potencial para prosperar é limitado - como é o caso em contextos de economia emergente. Ironicamente, embora a necessidade de transformação seja maior em contextos extremamente desiguais, o conhecimento do Sul Global e das economias emergentes continua sub-representado nos discursos globais sobre desenvolvimento. Pelo contrário, as agendas e os mecanismos de desenvolvimento (incluindo para a educação inclusiva) baseiam-se em noções eurocêntricas e do Norte Global de mudança, inclusão, bem-estar, distribuição de recursos e prestação de serviços. O conhecimento nativo fornece provas de como, intergeracionalmente, as pessoas recorrem aos recursos disponíveis como forma de aproveitar recursos limitados e promover um desenvolvimento inclusivo e positivo para muitos. O artigo utiliza as evidências de uma teoria da psicologia nativo-afrocêntrica, Resiliência com Recursos de Relacionamento, para postular o uso do conhecimento nativo na educação inclusiva para permitir a transformação em resposta às dificuldades, a qual promove o bem-estar coletivo e inclusivo.

Gestión para la sostenibilidad del claustro en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas

La atención priorizada y el seguimiento sistemático a los procesos de categorización docente constituyen aspectos imprescindibles para cada institución. Se realizó este trabajo para determinar los fundamentos de la gestión para la sostenibilidad de las categorías docentes del claustro. El enfoque histórico-lógico y la sistematización realizada, permitieron identificar los principales cambios y retos de la sostenibilidad del claustro, entre los que se encuentra uno de carácter prioritario y decisivo para el logro prospectivo del mismo: desarrollar un adecuado proceso de gestión de las categorías docentes en las universidades.

Prioritized attention and systematic follow-up of teaching categorization processes are essential aspect for each institution. This work was carried out to determine the foundations of management for the sustainability of the staff's teaching categories. The historical-logical approach and the systematization carried out allowed the authors to identify the main changes and challenges of the sustainability of the teaching staff, among which is one of a priority and decisive nature for its prospective achievement, consisting of developing an adequate process of management of teaching categories in universities.

Assessment of Farmers’ Knowledge on Integrated Farming System (IFS)

Majority of Indian farmers are either small or marginal. With the increase in population, the per capita availability of land is decreasing. Increasing population and decline in per capita availability of land in the country raises the issue of food security. Realizing the benefit of Integrated Farming System (IFS), in terms of food security, environmental sustainability the farmers are to be encouraged to go for adopting the IFS in their own. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge of the respondents on IFS and explore the association between respondents’ knowledge and certain independent variables. Hence, three objectives was identified by the researcher for the following research and they are: To study the background information of the respondents. To assess the knowledge of the respondents on Integrated Farming System (IFS). To find out the association between respondents’ knowledge and independent variables. The present study, was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam. A total of 180 respondents were selected from three development Blocks of Jorhat district. The study revealed that 37.22% of the total respondents belonged to the age group 36-46 years and 43.33% attained education upto high school level. A large majority i.e., 90 per cent of the total respondents were married. The study depicted that 37.78% belonged to Other Backward Classes. Around 50.00 per cent of the respondents were from joint family system. Nearly 70 per cent of the total respondents stayed in semi pucca houses. Majority of the total respondents i.e., 85 per cent were in the range of Rs (50,000-1,00,000) in terms of their annual income. A higher percentage of the total respondents (95.00%) practice farming as their occupation for livelihood. A large majority (95.00%) of the respondents were marginal farmer. None of the respondents cultivate through IFS. In all three assessed blocks 98.89 % of respondents did not receive any trainings on IFS. All the respondents (100.00%) were interested in receiving trainings on Integrated Farming System. Knowledge of the respondents was significantly associated with educational qualifications of the respondents.

Agroforestry and Its Potential for Sustainable Land Management and Climate Action: A Review

Agroforestry, the integration of trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock, stands as a pivotal strategy in sustainable land management and climate action. This review synthesizes current knowledge and practices of agroforestry, focusing on its diverse systems, contributions to sustainable land management, role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the challenges and future prospects, with a special emphasis on the Indian context. Agroforestry systems, classified into silvopastoral, agrosilvicultural, and silvoarable, along with specialized practices like alley cropping and forest farming, demonstrate significant adaptability across various climatic and geographical regions. These systems have shown promising results globally, evident in case studies highlighting their effectiveness in different environmental settings. In the realm of sustainable land management, agroforestry is instrumental in soil conservation, enhancing soil fertility, and nutrient cycling. It also plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation and the enhancement of ecosystem services, such as water regulation and pollination. Socioeconomically, agroforestry contributes to improving livelihoods and economic resilience, as demonstrated in various local community case studies. In addressing climate change, agroforestry systems are notable for their carbon sequestration capabilities. Compared to traditional agricultural practices, these systems exhibit a higher potential for carbon storage, both above and below ground. They also enhance resilience to climate extremes, offering adaptive strategies for farmers and communities facing climatic variability. Policy and global initiatives increasingly recognize agroforestry's role in climate action, with international agreements and organizations fostering its integration into national policies. The implementation of agroforestry is not without challenges. Technical complexities, the need for site-specific knowledge, economic and policy barriers, and sociocultural factors pose significant hurdles. For India, a country with diverse agro-ecological zones, these challenges are coupled with opportunities for research, technological innovation, policy improvement, and global-local collaborations. The future prospects for agroforestry are vast, particularly in the Indian context, where it can significantly contribute to sustainable agriculture and rural development. Continued research, policy support, and collaborative efforts are essential to fully realize the potential of agroforestry in environmental conservation, climate change mitigation, and socioeconomic development.

Alteration in Flowering and Fruiting of Commercial Vegetable Crops under Protected Condition: A Review

India ranks as the second-largest global vegetable producer, yet its current productivity falls short of meeting the nutritional requirements of its expanding population. The country boasts an impressive array of vegetable varieties, spanning from tropical to subtropical and temperate regions. The adoption of protected cultivation for high-value crops has emerged as a pivotal technology to enhance productivity, elevate quality, and secure profitable returns. Optimal production quality can be ensured by implementing precise crop management techniques under controlled conditions, enabling the cultivation of two to three high-yield crops annually. Crop regulation planning entails the identification, selection, implementation, and monitoring of strategies to govern the yield and quality of vegetable crops. The timing of flowering can be strategically manipulated, either advanced or delayed, in response to market demand, leveraging a range of tools and techniques for flowering and fruit regulation. In pursuit of sustainability, it becomes imperative to maximize food production within limited areas. Employing flowering and fruiting regulation methods holds the promise of augmenting yields and, consequently, overall productivity, ultimately addressing the nutritional needs of a larger segment of the population.

Unearthing the Nutritional and Agricultural Value through Scientific Innovation in the Natural Gene Pool of Millets

This delves into the exploration of millets' natural gene pool, highlighting the pivotal role of scientific innovation in unlocking their nutritional and agricultural value. Millets, often overlooked, have demonstrated remarkable resilience to adverse environmental conditions, making them essential crops for ensuring food security in a changing climate. Their adaptability, deep root systems, and drought tolerance position millets as reliable sources of sustenance in water-stressed regions. Moreover, millets are nutritional powerhouses, offering essential nutrients such as protein, dietary fiber, B-complex vitamins, iron, and zinc. Their gluten-free nature enhances their accessibility and inclusivity in diverse dietary regimes. Millet farming practices align with sustainability goals by promoting biodiversity conservation, reducing chemical inputs, and fostering economic development for smallholder farmers. Governments worldwide are recognizing the potential of millets, implementing policies and initiatives to support their production and market development. As the global community seeks solutions to nutritional security and hidden hunger, millets emerge as a resilient and nourishing ally. The integration of millets into food systems, driven by research, investment, and policy support, offers a pathway to a sustainable, nourished, and equitable future.

Intercropping Options for Sustainable Minor Millet Production: A Review

High population pressure, climate change, stagnant crop productivity, changing food habit and declining natural resources compelled us to go for climate resilient resource conservation technologies to bring sustainability in our crop production. Crop diversification by replacing high input requiring cereals with “nutri- cereals” minor millets in our crop rotations and by following intercropping of minor millets with pulses or oilseeds may be economically profitable, environmentally safe and socially acceptable approach to ensure food and nutritional security of the burgeoning population. This is high time to include millets in our daily diets but millet availability in sufficient amount is big issue. Millets are crops of rainfed and dryland resource poor areas and moreover under the threat of global warming and changed climatic scenario sole planting of millets generally gives less economic returns. So, there is an urgent need for incorporation of the pulses/oilseeds as intercrop in millets production system to enhance the production to feed the increasing population on sustained basis besides restoring the soil nutritional status and to overcome the environmental stress. But performance of intercropping system depends on proper selections of suitable intercrop, appropriate row ratio combination and proper input management. Very limited research work has been conducted on intercropping in millets so far but noteworthy information was recorded by the researchers, which has been reviewed through a sincere effort here to give critical view about intercropping in minor millets for agricultural sustainability to the farmers, researchers and consumers.

Preguntas hacia la comunalización de lo público a nivel local como desafío para las alternativas a lo manicomial

Este artículo se centra en algunos resultados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo estudiar los sentidos que algunos colectivos construyen en relación a su accionar en una zona particular de la periferia urbana de Montevideo, Uruguay. Se hizo énfasis en aquellos sentidos sobre sus vínculos con agentes estatales y sus estrategias para construir autonomía. Uno de los resultados es la búsqueda de hacer común lo público, incorporar a las lógicas de la producción de lo común para la sostenibilidad de la vida recursos que son administrados por el Estado. Estos procesos de comunalización aportan a la implementación de alternativas al encierro en tanto los sentidos construidos en torno a ellos justamente se vinculan a prácticas y creación de políticas públicas ligadas a estas alternativas. Asimismo, se apuesta a procesos de autonomía, participación y emancipación social. En la discusión profundizo en algunas dimensiones de la comunalización de lo público en el caso de un espacio de trabajo permanente interinstitucional, promovido por una de las organizaciones que formó parte de dicho estudio, que trabaja en la zona en clave de desmanicomialización y podría pensarse que también en relación con la economía social y solidaria. Estas dimensiones son: el carácter del entramado, las transformaciones normativas e institucionales y las articulaciones entre el paradigma de lo común y el de la desmanicomialización y la economía social y solidaria. Quedan planteadas tanto estas dimensiones como múltiples preguntas para seguir profundizando en esta línea.

Este artigo enfoca alguns resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo estudar os significados que alguns grupos de uma determinada área da periferia urbana de Montevidéu, Uruguai, constroem em relação às suas ações, com ênfase naqueles sobre seus vínculos com agentes estatais .e suas estratégias de construção de autonomia. Um dos resultados é a busca de tornar o público comum, incorporar na lógica da produção do comum para a sustentabilidade da vida recursos que são administrados pelo Estado. Isso contribui para a implementação de alternativas ao encarceramento na medida em que os próprios protagonistas lhe dão o sentido de trabalhar em práticas e para a criação de políticas públicas que os favoreçam e para processos de autonomia, participação e emancipação social. Na discussão aprofundo algumas dimensões da comunalização do público no caso de um espaço de trabalho interinstitucional permanente promovido por uma das organizações que estudei que atua na área em termos de desinstitucionalização e em relação ao social e economia solidária. Essas dimensões são: a natureza do enquadramento, as transformações normativas e institucionais e as articulações entre o paradigma do comum e o da desinstitucionalização e da economia social e solidária. Ambas as dimensões e múltiplas questões são levantadas para continuar aprofundando nesta linha.

This article focuses on some results of a research that aimed to study the meanings that some groups in a particular area of the urban periphery of Montevideo, Uruguay, construct in relation to their actions, with emphasis on those about their links with state agents and their strategies to build autonomy. One of the results is the search to make the public common, to incorporate into the logic of the production of the common for the sustainability of life resources that are administered by the State. This contributes to the implementation of alternatives to confinement insofar as the protagonists themselves give it the sense of working in practices and for the creation of public policies that favor them and for processes of autonomy, participation and social emancipation. In the discussion, I delve into some dimensions of the communalization of the public in the case of a permanent inter-institutional work space promoted by one of the organizations that I studied that works in the area in terms of deinstitutionalization and in relation to the social and solidarity economy. These dimensions are: the nature of the framework, the normative and institutional transformations and the articulations between the paradigm of the common and that of deinstitutionalization and the social and solidarity economy. Both these dimensions and multiple questions are raised to continue deepening in this line.

Enfoque hacia el uso de energías alternativas en establecimientos de atención médica / Approach to the use of alternative energies in medical care facilities

Introducción: El tema del cambio climático y sus efectos, en la salud, educación y transporte, es un tema emergente, que pretende la optimización del consumo y la eficiencia energética. Esta investigación se plantea como objetivo,la caracterización del uso y aprovechamiento de energías, en establecimientos de atención médica de la región capital durante el año 2022, considerando la distribución energética, eficiencia y fuentes primarias de energía utilizadas en este país. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, transversal y prospectiva,a través del análisis cuali-cuantitativo, con el uso de informantes clave quienes consideran importante la iluminación natural en los espacios y el mayor aprovechamiento energético en áreas como la quirúrgica y consulta externa. Resultados: Surge el uso de la energía solar, eólica e hidráulica como recursos energéticos aprovechables, así como la sostenibilidad y la mantenibilidad en el diseño y rediseño de infraestructuras hospitalarias. Los tipos de energías utilizados en Venezuela, siguen correspondiendo ala hidráulica y combustibles fósiles, se conoce la tecnología e implementación de paneles solares para la mejoría del cambio climático, la huella del carbono, el uso de energías verdes y reducción de combustibles fósiles. Su aceptación depende de regulaciones y la concientización energética como elementos fundamentales para el cambio.

Introduction: The issue of climate change and itseffects, in health, education and transportation, is an emergingissue, which aims at the optimization of energy consumption andefficiency. e objective of this research is to characterize the useand exploitation of energy in health care facilities in the capitalregion during the year 2022, considering the energy distribution,efficiency and primary energy sources used in this country.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and prospectiveresearch, through qualitative-quantitative analysis, with the useof key informants who consider important the natural lightingin the spaces and the greater use of energy in areas such assurgery and outpatient care. Results: The use of solar, windand hydraulic energy emerged as usable energy resources, aswell as sustainability and maintainability in the design andredesign of hospital infrastructures. The types of energy used inVenezuela continue to correspond to hydraulics and fossil fuels; the technology and implementation of solar panels is known forthe improvement of climate change, the carbon footprint, theuse of green energy and reduction of fossil fuels. Their acceptancedepends on regulations and energy awareness as fundamental elements for change.

Sustainability disclosure in the Ecuadorian banking sector: channels used, determining factors and type of information revealed

This study aimed to provide evidence on sustainability disclosure in the banking sector of Ecuador Using a descriptive-correlational approach, three key areas were examined: the most common reports for the disclosure of sustainability information, factors influencing banks' willingness to disclose, and the type of sustainability information being disclosed. Fisher's test and mean difference tests were employed to identify factors influencing banks' willingness to disclose sustainability information. Additionally, a content analysis was conducted to identify the main themes disclosed by banks regarding sustainability An index incorporating environmental, social, economic, and governance aspects was utilized for this analysis. The findings revealed low levels of disclosure, a higher prevalence of specialized reports, a positive association between willingness to disclose and organizational visibility, and a predominance of social dimension disclosure practices. These findings underscore the need to enhance disclosure standards and strengthen communication with stakeholders in Ecuador's banking sector. JEL CLASSIFICATION MI0, MI4; G2I

Este estudio buscó proporcionar evidencia sobre la divulgación de sostenibilidad en el sector bancario de Ecuador Mediante un enfoque descriptivo-correlacional se abordaron tres temáticas: los medios más utilizados para divulgar información de sostenibilidad, los factores que influyen en la disposición de los bancos a divulgar y el tipo de información sobre sostenibilidad que divulgan. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Fisher y de diferencia de medias para identificar los factores que influyen en la disposición de los bancos a divulgar información de sostenibilidad. De igual forma, se realizó un análisis de contenido para identificar los temas principales que divulgan los bancos sobre sostenibilidad. Para ello, se usó un índice que identificó aspectos ambientales, sociales, económicos y de gobernanza. Los resultados revelaron niveles bajos de divulgación, un mayor uso de informes especializados, una asociación positiva entre la disposición a divulgar y la visibilidad de la organización, y una predominancia de la divulgación de prácticas en la dimensión social. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de mejorar los estándares de divulgación y fortalecer la comunicación con los grupos de interés en el sector bancario de Ecuador. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL M10, M14; G21

Este estudo buscou fornecer evidências sobre a divulgação da sustentabilidade no setor bancário do Ecuador. Usando uma abordagem descritiva-correlacional, foram abordadas três questões: os meios mais comuns usados para divulgar informações sobre sustentabilidade, os fatores que influenciam a disposição dos bancos em divulgar e o tipo de informações sobre sustentabilidade que eles divulgam. O teste de Fisher e os testes de diferença de médias foram usados para identificar os fatores que influenciam a disposição dos bancos em divulgar informações sobre sustentabilidade. Da mesma forma, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo para identificar os principais tópicos que os bancos divulgam sobre sustentabilidade. Isso foi feito por meio de um índice que identificou questões ambientais, sociais, econômicas e de governança. Os resultados revelaram baixos níveis de divulgação, um maior uso de relatórios especializados, uma associação positiva entre a disposição de divulgar e a visibilidade organizacional, e uma predominância de divulgação de práticas na dimensão social. Essas conclusões destacam a necessidade de melhorar os padrões de divulgação e fortalecer a comunicação com as partes interessadas no setor bancário do Ecuador. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL M10, M14; G21

Radios comunitarias, alternativas y populares en la provincia de san luis, argentina: condiciones, trayectorias y estrategias

Este trabajo busca indagar características y prácticas comunicacionales particulares de radios comunitarias, alternativas y populares (CAP) en la provincia de San Luis (Argentina) en el período 20102020, de acuerdo con la normativa vigente desde la sanción de la Ley 26.522. En San Luis se pueden reconocer tres radios CAP: La Bulla, Radio Masi y Radio Rebelde, todas ellas surgieron después de la sanción de la ley. La metodología es cualitativa e incluye consulta de registros, relevamientos previos, publicaciones académicas, entrevistas y conversaciones informales con miembros de los medios. Se propone analizar qué prácticas comunicacionales se despliegan a fin de construir sostenibilidad y en qué medida lo consiguen. También se incluye el estudio respecto a cómo relacionan con otros actores sociales relevantes como el Estado, en sus tres niveles, medios, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y la comunidad, en un sistema infocomunicacional caracterizado por la concentración y centralización. Las radios comunitarias de San Luis sintieron las repercusiones de los cambios de gestión a nivel nacional, y la parálisis en las políticas de comunicación de la provincia, pero aun así continúan al aire. Sin embargo, la falta de nuevas experiencias de comunicación comunitaria invitan a reflexionar sobre las condiciones sociopolíticas que contribuyen a perpetuar su marginalidad en el ecosistema de medios de la provincia.

This article aims to describe characteristics andcommunicational practices of community, alternative, and popular radio stations in San Luis Province, Argentina, between 2010 and 2020, considering the latest regulation in force: LSCA law 26.522, 2009. In San Luis, there are three radio stations that fall under the categories of community, alternative, and popular, according to the law: La Bulla, Masi Radio, and Radio Rebelde, all of them born after the law was sanctioned. The methodology is qualitative, and the analysis is based on empirical research that includes official registries, previous research, academic papers, interviews, and informal conversations with media members. The study analyzes the practices that these radio stations develop to build sustainability, and whether or not they achieve it. Their relationship to other socially relevant actors, such as the State in its three levels, other civil organizations, within a concentrated and centralized media system, is also considered, reflecting those characteristics from the province's political power configuration. Community radios in San Luis suffered the consequences of the national government changes and the paralysis in local communication policies, nevertheless, they are still operative. However, the lack of new community experiences requires further thoughts about how social and political conditions contribute to its marginal position in the communicational system of the province.

Evaluación de resiliencia urbana: percepción ciudadana en paisajes sostenibles, agroforestería y regeneración del espacio público / Assessment of urban resilience: Citizen perception in sustainable landscapes, agroforestry, and public space regeneration

RESUMEN El crecimiento no controlado de la población en ciudades latinoamericanas tiene consecuencias negativas en los ecosistemas urbanos, incluyendo la disminución de la cobertura vegetal, la fragmentación de ecosistemas y la pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la percepción de la población acerca de la recuperación y la restauración del espacio público, mediante un programa de paisajes sostenibles con árboles frutales, con el fin de fortalecer los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación, de aprovisionamiento y culturales, en ciudades intermedias, utilizando Neiva, Colombia, como estudio de caso. Se identificó el espacio público disponible en andenes y separadores en las vías principales; se llevó a cabo un censo de especies arbóreas y arbustivas de árboles frutales urbanos hasta 2020 y se aplicó una encuesta tipo Likert, a 352 habitantes de la ciudad. La encuesta exploró la percepción y la receptividad hacia la implementación de programas de este tipo, como herramienta de desarrollo territorial. Se encontró que el 27 % del espacio público estudiado es adecuado para la reforestación, con 2.025 especímenes frutales establecidos, destacando la presencia de Syzygium malaccense y Mangifera indica. A pesar de que la disposición de estas especies no garantiza su consumo, su alta frecuencia, sugiere un potencial para contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria urbana. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de comprender la compleja relación entre percepciones ambientales y participación ciudadana, proporcionando bases valiosas en el diseño de intervenciones y políticas, que fortalezcan la conciencia y la acción ambiental, en entornos urbanos.

ABSTRACT The uncontrolled population growth in Latin American cities negatively impacts urban ecosystems, including reduced vegetation coverage, fragmentation, and the loss of ecosystem services. This research aimed to assess the population's perception of the recovery and restoration of public spaces through a sustainable landscape program featuring fruit trees. The goal was to enhance the ecosystem services of regulation, provisioning, and cultural services in intermediate cities, using Neiva, Colombia, as a case study. Public spaces on sidewalks and medians along main roads were identified with urban fruit trees. A census of these trees and shrub species has been conducted recently, up to 2020. A Likert-type survey was administered to 352 city residents, exploring their perception and receptivity to such programs as tools for territorial development. It was found that 27% of the studied public space is suitable for reforestation, with 2,025 established fruit specimens, including Syzygium malaccense and Mangifera indica. Although the presence of these species does not guarantee consumption, their high frequency suggests potential contributions to urban food security. These findings underscore the need to understand the complex relationship between environmental perceptions and citizen participation, providing valuable insights for designing interventions and policies that strengthen ecological awareness and action in urban settings.

Role of Biological Carbon Mitigation in Carbon Sequestration: A Review

The imperative to address climate change has ushered in a growing interest in carbon sequestration as a mitigation strategy. While current methods offer some promise, they also come with a host of challenges, including technological limitations, environmental impacts, and economic barriers. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the future prospects and recommendations for advancing carbon sequestration methods. Technological innovations are highlighted, particularly the advent of Direct Air Capture technologies, bioengineering for enhanced biological mitigation, and material science for more efficient storage. The policy landscape is discussed, emphasizing the need for robust carbon pricing mechanisms and international collaboration. Additionally, the paper identifies pressing areas for further research, such as long-term impact studies, the exploration of social and economic implications, and advances in monitoring and verification technologies. By synthesizing the emerging trends and potential strategies for overcoming current limitations, this paper aims to provide a cohesive roadmap for making carbon sequestration a viable and effective tool in the global effort to combat climate change.

Green Manure: Aspects and its Role in Sustainable Agriculture

Continuous cropping and frequent soil cultivation contribute to the breakdown of soil aggregates and the removal of organic matter, which reduces soil fertility and production. Green manuring is a low-cost and efficient approach for reducing the expense of inorganic fertilizers and preserving soil fertility. Due to the mounting problems facing agriculture, including climate change, extreme weather events, soil deterioration, and land contamination as a result of the overuse of chemical fertilizers, many farmers are adding green manuring into their methods to prevent soil erosion, improve soil structure, control weed growth, and most importantly increase the soil's fertility. The use of green manure has drastically decreased, raising concerns about the sustainability of soil fertility. Field crops may experience a temporary setback following the integration of organic residues with a high C-N ratio. By enhancing the soil's structure, fertility, and nutrient content, green manuring functions as a restoration factory to maintain the soil's fertility for sustainable agriculture. Green manure is therefore essential for growers that seek to decrease the use of dangerous chemicals for soil fertilization. Many farmers must use green manure in their operations to avoid the usage of chemical fertilizers in agriculture.