Xeroderma pigmentosum: case report / Xeroderma pigmentoso: relato de caso

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the disease and treatment and to alert health professionals for the identification of signs and symptoms and the need for an early diagnosis in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Case description: An 8-year-old male patient was referred to the Joana de Gusmão Hospital (HIJG) in 2021 for evaluation and specialized care. Previously, the child was followed in his place of origin by oncologic and palliative care, where he was submitted to surgeries and chemotherapy. He was admitted to the HIJG using vismodegib, acitrein, tramadol, and solar protective measures. On physical examination, there were tumors and disseminated macular verrucous and ulcerated lesions. The imaging examination showed solid and expansive lesions on the face, and atelectasis and fibroscarring changes in the lung. The histopathological report proved the existence of melanocanthoma, carcinoma, and pyogenic granuloma. After the evaluation of the case, no surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy was performed. It was decided to maintain the palliative treatment and to continue the use of tramadol for pain, and vismodegib and acitretin were used to control carcinomas and prophylactic measures. Comments: The XP is a rare disease of autosomal recessive inheritance whose mechanism comes from failure in the DNA repair by exposure to ultraviolet rays, resulting in lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. They start as sunburns and can progress to melanosis, areas with altered pigmentation, premature aging, poikiloderma, and areas of high risk for neoplasms.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a patologia e o tratamento realizado e alertar profissionais de saúde sobre os sinais e sintomas e sobre a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce em pacientes com xeroderma pigmentoso (XP). Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, oito anos, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Joana de Gusmão (HIJG) em 2021, com dianóstico de XP, para avaliação e atendimento especializado. Anteriomente, encontrava-se em serviço de oncologia e de cuidados paliativos em sua cidade de origem, mas já realizara cirurgias e quimioterapias previamente. Foi internado no HIJG em uso de vismodegibe, acitretina, tramadol e medidas de proteção solar. Ao exame físico, apresentou lesões maculares, verrucosas, ulceradas e tumores pelo corpo. Os exames de imagem revelaram lesões sólidas e expansivas na face e atelectasias e alterações fibrocicroscópicas no pulmão. O laudo histopatológico comprovou a existência de melanocantoma, carcinoma e granuloma piogênico. Após a avaliação do caso, optou-se por não realizar cirurgias, quimioterapia nem radioterapia. Decidiu-se manter o tratamento paliativo, continuando o uso de tramadol para dor, vismodegibe e acitretina para o controle de carcinomas e profilaxia à exposição ao sol. Comentários: O XP é uma doença rara de herança autossômica recessiva, cujo mecanismo provém de falha no reparo do DNA pela exposição à luz ultravioleta, resultando em lesões de pele e mucosas. Inicia-se como queimaduras solares e pode avançar para melanoses, áreas com pigmentação alterada, envelhecimento precoce, poiquilodermia e áreas de alto risco neoplásico.

UV-C light as an alternative for disinfecting orthodontic pliers / Luz UV-C como alternativa para desinfecção de alicates ortodônticos

Objetivo: Os ortodontistas usam alicates ortodônticos continuamente, e essas ferramentas têm um forte potencial para infecções nosocomiais. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de três métodos de desinfecção de alicates ortodônticos. Material e Métodos: As pontas ativas de 26 alicates ortodônticos (cortadores distais e alicates Weingart) foram contaminadas com microrganismos, vírus e esporos S. aureus, E. coli e C. albicans. Os métodos de controle microbiano foram desinfecção com álcool 70%, esterilização com esferas de vidro (250 °C calor seco) e irradiação com luz ultravioleta (250 nm UV-C) por 30 e 60 segundos. O número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) e unidades formadoras de placas (UFP) foi quantificado e comparado para cada microrganismo após incubação em placas de cultura. Resultados: Todas as pontas do alicate dos grupos que receberam luz ultravioleta ou foram submetidos à esterilização com esferas de vidro apresentaram número significativamente menor de esporos, bactérias e fungos do que suas respectivas amostras controle (p<0,001). A desinfecção física com luz UV-C pode representar uma alternativa confiável em comparação com outros métodos químicos e físicos devido ao aumento de microrganismos resistentes a produtos químicos e à emissão de subprodutos nocivos após o tratamento químico. Conclusão: Os métodos de controle microbiano testados foram eficazes na desinfecção de alicates ortodônticos, tornando a luz ultravioleta-C uma alternativa promissora para eliminar os microrganismos dos alicates (AU)

Objective: Orthodontists use orthodontic pliers continuously, and these tools have a strong potential for nosocomial infections. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three methods for disinfecting orthodontic pliers. Material and Methods: The active tips of 26 orthodontic pliers (distal end cutters and Weingart pliers) were contaminated with S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans microorganisms, viruses, and spores. The microbial control methods were 70% alcohol disinfection, glass bead sterilization (250 °C dry heat), and ultraviolet light irradiation (250 nm UV-C) for 30 and 60 seconds. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) and plaque-forming units (PFU) was quantified and compared for each microorganism after incubation in culture plates. Results: All tips of the pliers in the groups that received ultraviolet light or were subjected to glass bead sterilization showed a significantly lower number of spores, bacteria, and fungi than their respective control samples (p<0.001). Physical disinfection with UV-C light may represent a reliable alternative compared to other chemical and physical methods due to the increase in microorganisms resistant to chemical products and the emission of harmful by-products after chemical treatment. Conclusion: The tested microbial control methods were effective in the disinfection of orthodontic pliers, making ultraviolet-C light a promising alternative to eliminate microorganisms from pliers (AU)

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation quantitative proteomics research of human lens epithelial cells after ultraviolet-B irradiation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes of protein expressions in human lens epithelial cells(SRA01/04)undergoing oxidative damage, hoping to provide new protein target for the pathogenesis of age-related cataract(ARC).METHODS: SRA01/04 cells were divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, cells were irradiated with ultraviolet-B(UVB)for 10min to establish the model of oxidative damage, whereas cells in the control group were untreated. Protein expression profile from the two groups was sequenced by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ). The filtering criteria that fold change &#x0026;#x003E;1.2 and p&#x0026;#x003C;0.05 was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs). Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were utilized for functional enrichment analysis of the top 50 DEPs with either up-regulated or down-regulated significance. Furthermore, Pathway commons software was used to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.RESULTS: Overall, 552 DEPs were screened out. A total of 176 DEPs were up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group, including HMGB1 and USP1, while 376 DEPs were down-regulated, including POLR2A and POLR2B. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the top 50 DEPs with up-regulated or down-regulated significance were involved in various crucial biological processes and signaling pathways. PPI network revealed that oxidative damage repair(ODR)-related proteins might play a key role in UVB-induced oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of multiple proteins, especially ODR-related proteins, can be altered in SRA01/04 cells via UVB irradiation. These findings may provide cellular-related insights into the pathogenesis of ARC and into proteins or pathways associated with therapeutic targets.

Systematic review of factors influencing sunburn from population-based studies / 环境与职业医学

Sunburn is an acute phototoxic reaction caused by excessive exposure of skin to solar ultravilet (UV) or artificial UV light sources. Studies show that sunburn is common in the general population, so that associated financial burden cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, sunburn at any age increases the risk of melanoma. Only by clarifying the influencing factors of sunburn can precise preventive measures be formulated. Although many studies have been conducted on the influencing factors of sunburn worldwide, there are great heterogeneity in reported influencing factors. In this paper, by means of systematic review, factors affecting sunburn were sorted out and summarized from four aspects, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, photosensitive phenotypes, UV-related environmental factors, and sun protection knowledge, attitude & behavior. Combined with population characteristics and data availability in China, our review provided reference for subsequent research and development of precise prevention and control strategies.

Fibroblast morphology, growth rate and gene expression in facial melasma

Abstract Background: In addition to melanocytic hyperfunction, changes are observed in the upper dermis of melasma, and fibroblasts play a central role in collagen synthesis and pigmentation induction. Objective: To explore the morphology, growth rate, and gene expression profile of fibroblasts from the skin with melasma in comparison to fibroblasts from the adjacent healthy skin. Methods: Ten women with facial melasma were biopsied (lesion and adjacent healthy skin), and the fragments were processed for fibroblast culture. Samples from five participants were seeded to evaluate growth (days 2, 5 and 8) and senescence (SA-β-gal) curves. The samples from the other participants were submitted to real-time PCR to comparatively evaluation of the expression of 39 genes. Results: Cultured fibroblasts from melasma skin were morphologically less fusiform in appearance and on average a 34% (95% CI 4%-63%) greater proportion of cells labeled with SA-β-gal than the fibroblasts from the adjacent skin. The cell growth rate was lower for the melasma samples after eight days (p < 0.01). The WNT3A, EDN3, ESR2, PTG2, MMP1, and SOD2 genes were up-regulated, whereas the COL4A1, CSF2, DKK3, COL7A1, TIMP4, CCL2, and CDH11 genes were down-regulated in melasma skin fibroblasts when compared to the ones from adjacent healthy skin. Study limitations: Small sample size; absence of functional tests. Conclusions: Fibroblasts from the skin with melasma showed a lower growth rate, less fusiform morphology and greater accumulation of SA-β-gal than those from adjacent photo exposed skin. Moreover, their gene expression profile comprised factors that may contribute to upper dermis damage and sustained melanogenesis.

Milium coloide: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Colloid milium: a case report and review of the literature

Resumen El milium coloide (MC) es un trastorno de depósito cutáneo poco común, asociado a cambios degenerativos secundarios a la radiación ultravioleta, que provoca degeneración de las fibras elásticas en la dermis. Tiene dos formas de presentación definidas como juvenil y del adulto. Es más común en hombres que realizan oficios al aire libre. Clínicamente se caracteriza por numerosas y pequeñas pápulas de distintos colores (amarillo, ámbar, café) o translúcidas, que suelen agruparse y se localizan en zonas fotoexpuestas. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante el estudio histopatológico y pudiera requerir tinciones especiales para diferenciar la mucina y el amiloide. Para su tratamiento se han empleado técnicas como dermoabrasión mecánica, láseres, terapia fotodinámica, entre otros.

Abstract Colloid milium is a rare skin deposition disorder associated with degenerative changes secondary to ultraviolet radiation, which causes degeneration of elastic fibers in the dermis. It has two forms of presentation defined as juvenile and adult. It is more common in men who work outdoors. Clinically it is characterized by numerous small yellow, brown, amber or translucent papules that are usually grouped together, located over photo-exposed areas. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological study and may require special stains to differentiate mucin and amyloid. Techniques such as mechanical dermabrasion, lasers, photodynamic therapy, among others, have been used for its treatment.

UVB irradiation differential regulate miRNAs expression in skin photoaging

Abstract Background: UVB irradiation can cause acute damage such as sunburn, or photoaging and melanoma, all of which are major health threats. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of skin photoaging induced by UVB radiation in mice through the analysis of the differential expression of miRNAs. Methods: A UVB irradiation photoaging model was constructed. HE and Masson special stains were used to examine the modifications in the epidermis and dermis of mice. The miRNA expression profiles of the mouse skin model exposed to UVB radiation and the normal skin of mice were analyzed using miRNA-sequence analysis. GO and Pathway analysis were employed for the prediction of miRNA targets. Results: A total of 23 miRNAs were evaluated for significantly different expressions in comparison to normal skin. Among them, 7 miRNAs were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated in the skin with photoaging of mice exposed to UVB irradiation. The differential expression of miRNA is related to a variety of signal transduction pathways, among which mmu-miR-195a-5p and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways are crucial. There was a significant differential expression of miRNA in the skin of normal mice in comparison with the skin with photoaging induced by UVB irradiation. Study limitations: Due to time and energy constraints, the specific protein level verification, MAPK pathway exploration, and miR-195a-5p downstream molecular mechanism need to be further studied in the future. Conclusions: UVB-induced skin photoaging can be diagnosed and treated using miRNA.

Dynamic changes in and time sequence of ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in rat corneal epithelial cells / Alterações dinâmicas na sequência temporal da apoptose induzida por radiação ultravioleta B em células epiteliais da córnea de ratos

ABSTRACT Purpose: To systematically examine the dynamic changes and time sequence in corneal epithelial cell apoptosis after excessive ultraviolet B irradiation. Methods: Ultraviolet B (144 mJ/cm2) was used to irradiate rat corneal epithelial cells for 2 h. Cell morphology was observed on differential interference contrast microscopy, and the numbers of the different kinds of apoptotic cells were counted using the ImageJ software. Cell viability was measured with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide method. Cell apoptotic rate and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using flow cytometric analyses. The expression levels of 3 apoptotic genes were measured with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at different time points within 0-24 h after irradiation. Results: After 144-mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B irradiation for 2 h, the expression levels of caspase-8 and Bax were highest at 0 h; furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased at 0 h and remained constant for 6 h in a subsequent culture. At 6 h, caspase-3 was activated. The decrease in cell viability and increase in apoptotic rate peaked at 6 h. The caspase-3 expression level decreased within 12-24 h, which led to a decline in apoptotic rate and change in apoptotic stage. Conclusions: The corneal epithelial cells exhibited rapid apoptosis after ultraviolet B irradiation, which was associated with both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

RESUMO Objetivos: Explorar sistematicamente as mudanças dinâmicas e a sequência temporal no processo de apoptose de células epiteliais corneanas após excesso de irradiação com ultravioleta B. Métodos: A radiação ultravioleta B (144 mJ/cm2) foi utilizada para irradiar células epiteliais da córnea de rato durante 2h. A morfologia celular foi observada por meio de microscópio de contraste de interferência diferencial, e os números de diferentes tipos de células apoptóticas foram contados e registrados pelo software ImageJ. A viabilidade celular foi medida pelo método brometo de 3- (4, 5-dimetil-2-tiazolil) -2, 5-difenil-2-H-tetrazólio. A taxa apoptótica celular e a perda do potencial da membrana mitocondrial foram detectadas por meio de análises citométricas de fluxo. Os níveis de expressão de três genes apoptóticos foram medidos por reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa em tempo real em diferentes momentos dentro de 0-24 h após a irradiação. Resultados: Após 144 mJ/cm2 de irradiação com ultravioleta B por 2h, os níveis de expressão de caspase-8 e Bax foram maiores em 0h; o potencial da membrana mitocondrial diminuiu a 0h e permaneceu constante por 6h na cultura subsequente. Às 6h, a caspase-3 foi ativada. A diminuição da viabilidade celular e o aumento da taxa apoptótica atingiu o pico em 6h. A expressão de caspase-3 diminuiu dentro de 12 - 24 h, levando a um declínio na taxa apoptótica e alteração no estágio apoptótico. Conclusões: As células epiteliais da córnea apresentaram uma apoptose rápida após excesso de irradiação com ultravioleta B, e esse processo foi associado tanto à via extrínseca como à via intrínseca.

Sunscreen lotions in the dermatological prescription: review of concepts and controversies

Abstract The skin is regularly exposed to several environmental aggressions, including solar radiation, whose biological effects can induce sunburn, dyschromia, skin aging and cancer. Among the photoprotection measures, sunscreens comprise a relevant part of the strategy aimed to prevent solar radiation damage and, for effective action, the patient must adhere to the product use and the latter, in turn, must follow technical parameters to promote adequate protection. This review article brings together the most current and relevant concepts about photoprotection for dermatological use, including the challenges for their formulation, the risks of certain photoprotective active substances for individual and environmental safety and the importance of stringency in determining the product efficacy, considering the regulatory aspects, highlighting relevant differences between Brazil and other countries. Thus, when assessing a sunscreen, not only the visual aspects and sensory perception will be immediately evaluated, but also the quality and suitability of the vehicle, the chemical composition of the formulation, the environmental risks, the photostability of the screening system, and the measurement of its protection spectrum. Technical knowledge of sunscreens can help dermatologists in this important role of educating patients about the best photoprotective strategies in each situation.

Perfil epidemiológico dos laudos histopatológicos de carcinoma basocelular realizados nos laboratórios de Patologia da região sul-catarinense / Epidemiological profile of histopathological reports of basal cell carcinoma performed in pathology laboratories in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil

Introdução: O carcinoma basocelular é a neoplasia mais comum no mundo. É responsável, juntamente com os demais cânceres de pele, pelo grande aumento dos gastos públicos, quando comparados aos demais tipos de câncer. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos laudos histopatológicos de Carcinoma Basocelular (CBC) realizados nos laboratórios de Patologia da cidade de Criciúma/ SC. Métodos: Foi feito um estudo observacional retrospectivo, com coleta de dados secundários e abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos no estudo 301 laudos histopatológicos de CBC. Resultados: A média da idade no momento do diagnóstico foi de 64,09 anos. O gênero mais acometido foi o feminino, correspondendo a 55,5% dos laudos da amostra. Dos subtipos histopatológicos, o nodular foi o prevalente (52,2%), seguido pelo esclerodermiforme/infiltrativo (28,2%), superficial (11,3%), micronodular (5,6%), basoescamoso (1,7%) e pigmentado (1,0%). A localização cutânea de maior frequência foi cabeça e pescoço (67,4%), tendo o nariz como principal local das lesões (32,4%). Limitações do estudo: Este estudo teve como limitação a não informação da localização cutânea do CBC em 126 laudos. Conclusão: O CBC é mais comum em indivíduos a partir da sexta década de vida (p=0,017), preferencialmente em mulheres (p=0,013). O subtipo mais encontrado é o nodular seguido do esclerodermiforme. O nariz foi o local de maior acometimento das lesões. O subtipo superficial predominou no sexo feminino (p=0,013). Quanto à sua localização cutânea, o subtipo superficial está associado aos membros superiores e inferiores (p=0,037).

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm in the world. Along with other skin cancers, it is responsible for a large increase in public spending compared to other types of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile of histopathological reports of basal cell carcinoma performed in pathology laboratories in the city of Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted using secondary data and a quantitative approach. A total of 301 histopathological reports of basal cell carcinoma were included. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 64.09 years, with women being more affected (55.5%). Of the histopathological subtypes, nodular was the most prevalent (52.2%), followed by infiltrative (28.2%), superficial (11.3%), micronodular (5.6%), basosquamous (1.7%) and pigmented (1.0%). The most frequent location was the head and neck (67.4%), with the nose being the main site of lesions (32.4%). Study limitations: The carcinoma location was missing in 126 reports. Conclusion: basal cell carcinoma was more common in individuals ≥ 60 years of age (p=0.017), especially women (p=0.013). The most common subtypes were nodular and infiltrative. The nose was the most affected site. The superficial subtype predominated in women (p=0.013). The superficial subtype was associated with the upper and lower limbs (p=0.037).

Actinic cheilitis in rural workers: prevalence and associated factors

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis in rural workers and factors associated with the development of this condition. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a city in Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by clinical examination and use of a questionnaire validated with 300 rural workers. The χ2 test was employed to identify possible associations between the presence of actinic cheilitis and clinical and demographic variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise selection. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of actinic cheilitis was 12.0% in the sample. The highest prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed in white males, with low educational level, and an approximately 40-year history of sun exposure. Chronic lesions were commonly found in the lower lip and were characterized by scaling, dryness, and mild edema. Skin color, sex, educational level of patients, and cumulative sun exposure (in years), were identified as predictors of development of actinic cheilitis. Conclusion Our results suggest the need to implement educational health strategies aimed to orient the population about risk factors and preventive measures of the disease. Appropriate clinical management of patients with actinic cheilitis is important for prevention of lip cancer.

Effectiveness of sunscreens and factors influencing sun protection: a review

Abstract The effectiveness of sun protection depends directly on the photo-protective product employed, the way it is used and the amount applied. Many studies report that sunscreens are often applied incorrectly, at amounts much lower than those recommended for the sun protection factor (SPF) specified on the label. When not used properly, the effectiveness of the product against sun exposure damage is reduced. Currently, sunscreens are available in a variety of different formulations and types, such as stick (bar), aerosol, cream, lotion, oil, tanning formulations and makeup. However, developing an effective stable photo-protective formula that can be correctly applied regardless of type poses a challenge, as effectiveness is dependent on several factors. Factors influencing effectiveness include sun exposure conditions (direct or indirect), level of protection (SPF), amount of product applied, maximum exposure period before reapplication, product type (spray, lotion, etc.), layer thickness required, coverage, and ability to spread and permeate into the skin. Studies comparing the effectiveness of different forms of sunscreens, the amount of product applied by consumers and SPF and UVA protection determined by validated methodologies, are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the available literature on the topic and discuss the effectiveness of sunscreen formulations and factors influencing sun protection. This review was carried out on the scientific databases MEDLINE, PubMed and Scielo. Of the many publications retrieved, thirty-nine articles most relevant for this review were selected.

Efficacy and safety of 308-nm SQ light-emitting diode light and 308-nm excimer light in the treatment of facial vitiligo: a retrospective study / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To compare efficacy and safety of 308-nm SQ light-emitting diode (LED) light versus 308-nm excimer light in the treatment of facial vitiligo.Methods:Patients with stable facial vitiligo were retrospectively collected from Department of Physical Therapy, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from June 2018 to June 2020, who received treatment with 308-nm SQ LED light (LED group) or 308-nm excimer light (excimer light group). The treatment was performed once or twice a week, and patients who had received more than 8 sessions of treatment were included in the analysis of efficacy and safety. Statistical analysis was carried out by using chi-square test.Results:Totally, 68 patients with 90 lesions were enrolled into the LED group, including 36 males and 32 females, aged 25.01 ± 13.37 years; 20 patients with 28 lesions were enrolled into the excimer light group, including 13 males and 7 females, aged 27.15 ± 14.30 years. After 8 and 16 sessions of treatment, there was no significant difference in the response rate between the LED group (23.33%, 46.67%, respectively) and excimer light group (14.29%, 46.43%, χ2 = 1.05, < 0.001, respectively, both P > 0.05). During the treatment, 36 (52.94%) patients in the LED group developed persistent erythema, 17 (85%) in the excimer light group developed persistent erythema or blisters. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the LED group than in the excimer light group ( χ2 = 16.43, P < 0.001) . Conclusion:Compared with the 308-nm excimer light, the 308-nm SQ LED light showed similar effect but higher safety for the treatment of facial vitiligo.

Protective Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Lavender Against Skin Photoaging in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of total flavonoids of lavender on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet B （UVB） in mice and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） antioxidant pathway. MethodEighty-four female KM mice were randomly divided into seven groups， namely blank group， model group， solvent group， vitamin E （0.013 g·kg-1） group， as well as low-， middle-， and high-dose （0.25， 1.25， 2.50 g·kg-1） groups of total flavonoids of lavender. The naked skin on the back of mice was irradiated with UVB for inducing optical damage. Thirty minutes before irradiation， the skin was coated with the total flavonoids of lavender. After continuous irradiation for one week， the skin moisture and elasticity on the back of mice were evaluated， and the effects of total flavonoids of lavender on histopathological changes in mouse skin were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Van Gieson （VG） staining. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） after skin homogenization were detected by colorimetry， the inflammatory factors interleukin-1 （IL-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in skin tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， BTB-CNC homology 1 （Bach1）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significantly increased appearance score （P<0.01）， reduced skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， pronounced pathological changes in the skin tissue like epidermal thickening， scabbing， small abscess， and severe injury， elevated MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and up-regulated Bach1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total flavonoids of lavender at the low， middle， and high doses all remarkably reduced the appearance score （P<0.01）， enhanced the skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， diminished the MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1， HO-1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of Bach1 mRNA （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of the total flavonoids of lavender against skin photoaging in mice is significant， which may be related to its activation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway， regulation of oxidative stress， and improvement of inflammatory response.

Comparative Analysis of Lonicera japonica Flower from Different Harvesting Periods Based on UV Fingerprint and Chemometrics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the quality variation of Lonicera japonica flower from different harvesting periods by ultraviolet visible（UV-Vis） fingerprint combined with chemometrics. MethodTwenty-five L. japonica flower samples from five harvesting periods， including young bud stage，green bud stage，white bud stage，silver and golden flower stages， were collected， with five samples for each stage. UV-Vis fingerprints of L. japonica flower from different harvesting periods were established in the context of the optimum extraction method based on the single factor experiment. The results showed that the absorption values at 209，216，226，250，280，303，318， and 350 nm were significantly different. Moreover，after data pretreatment and normalization，multivariate statistical analyses， such as principal component analysis （PCA），partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA），and orthogonal PLS-DA （OPLS-DA）were performed by SIMCA-P+ to establish the quality variation model of L. japonicas flower from harvesting periods. ResultAs revealed by PCA and PLS-DA， L. japonicas flower samples from five harvesting periods were clustered separately and closely in a harvesting time-dependent manner， suggesting that the content of components contained in samples from different harvesting periods was highly distinct and correlated with harvesting periods. The pairwise comparison of OPLS-DA indicated that triterpenoids or volatile oils were the main components causing the changes from the young bud stage to the green bud stage，and the content of them decreased. The main components from the green bud stage to the white bud stage were triterpenoids （or iridoids），volatile oils，phenolic acids， or flavonoids，and the content of them decreased， which was consistent with the HPLC result of chlorogenic acid. From the white bud stage to the silver flower stage， the main components were iridoids （increasing in content） and triterpenoids （or volatile oils） （decreasing in content）. The main altered components from the silver flower stage to the golden flower stage were triterpenoids （or volatile oils） whose content increased. ConclusionThis method is simple and feasible， which can provide references for the quality control of Chinese medicine.

Mechanisms underlying synergistic induction and promotion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice by ultraviolet light and human papillomavirus 16 E6 / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To establish a xenograft model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in nude mice, and to explore mechanisms underlying synergistic induction and promotion of CSCC in nude mice by ultraviolet radiation and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Methods:The human CSCC A431 cells were divided into 3 groups, namely HPV16 E6 overexpression group (LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group) transfected with adenovirus-mediated HPV16 E6 gene, empty vector group transfected with empty adenovirus vectors, and blank control group remaining untransfected. Using serum-free Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium (DMEM) , A431 cells in the empty vector group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group were prepared into single-cell suspensions, which were subcutaneously inoculated into the left buttocks of SKH-1 nude mice separately, namely empty vector group ( n = 16) and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group ( n = 16) . Tumor growth was observed and recorded for the mice every 3 days. When the tumor size reached 150 mm 3, the modeling was considered successful. After successful modeling, 8 mice in each group were irradiated with ultraviolet light at a dose of 1 440 mJ·cm -2·d -1 for 12 minutes each time, the other 8 mice in each group received no ultraviolet radiation, that is to say, all the 32 mice were divided into 4 groups: empty vector group, empty vector + UV group, LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group, and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group. After 4-week radiation, these nude mice were sacrificed, tumor weight and volume were measured, a tumor growth curve was drawn, immunohistochemistry study, Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin in CSCC tissues collected from nude mice, respectively. For normally distributed measurement data, analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparisons, and least significant difference- t test for multiple comparisons; for non-normally distributed measurement data, rank sum test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results:Compared with the empty vector group (2.20 ± 0.24 g) , the tumor weight significantly increased in the empty vector + UV group (2.90 ± 0.36 g, t = 4.39, P < 0.001) , LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (3.19 ± 0.32 g, t = 6.77, P < 0.001) , and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group (4.41 ± 0.18 g, t = 20.11, P < 0.001) ; the tumor volume was also significantly higher in the empty vector + UV group (1 033.12 ± 400.15 mm 3, t = 1.90, P < 0.001) , LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (1 119.21 ± 447.57 mm 3, t = 2.21, P < 0.001) , and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group (1 464.29 ± 409.98 mm 3, t = 4.22, P < 0.001) than in the empty vector group (688.94 ± 319.31 mm 3) . Immunohistochemical study showed no significant difference in the protein expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 0.76, 0.71, respectively, both P > 0.05) ; Western blot analysis showed significant differences in the protein expression levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 16.74, 49.90, respectively, both P < 0.05) , which were significantly higher in the LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group than in the empty vector group, empty vector + UV group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (all P < 0.05) . qRT-PCR showed a significant difference in the mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 7.77, 8.38, respectively, both P<0.05) , and the LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group showed significantly increased Wnt1 mRNA expression levels compared with the empty vector group, empty vector + UV group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Ultraviolet radiation and HPV infection showed synergistic effect on the induction and promotion of CSCC.

Skin imaging technologies for photoaging / 中华皮肤科杂志

Skin photoaging not only affects the appearance, but also is associated with skin tumors. It is very important to objectively and effectively evaluate photoaging. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of photoaging, but it can not be used repeatedly because of its invasiveness, and is not suitable for dynamic monitoring and evaluation of photoaging. Skin imaging technologies can realize in vivo, real-time and non-invasive two- or three-dimensional image analysis, which facilitate the visual assessment of skin photoaging. This review summarizes research progress in dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, high-frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in evaluation of photoaging.

Rapid prediction of antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of melastoma dodecandrum by ultraviolet spectroscopy / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a rapid prediction method of the antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum based on ultraviolet spectroscopy and partial least squares regression algorithm. Methods The DPPH free radical scavenging effect was used to characterize the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum. The ultraviolet spectra of 190-600 nm were collected. The partial least squares regression model of antioxidant activity was established after optimizing the wavelength range and preprocessing method. The software was devised using Visual Basic as the integrated development environment to provide a convenient tool for the rapid determination of antioxidant activity. Results The optimal partial least squares regression model was established based on 200-290 nm as wavelength range and unit variance scaling as preprocessing method. The correlation coefficient of calibration, root mean square error of estimation, root mean square error of cross-validation was 0.887, 2.20% and 2.17%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of validation, root mean square error of prediction was 0.868, 2.08%. The average predicted recovery was 100.1±2.3%. With the predictive function in the software, the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract solution of Melastoma dodecandrum can be calculated automatically within 2 s after collecting the ultraviolet spectra. Conclusions This study provides a rapid method for the prediction of antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum.

Skin damage caused by sunlight ultraviolet in mice / 预防医学

Objective @#To study the damage effect of sunlight ultraviolet exposure on skin.@*Methods @#No exposure group, low exposure group and high exposure group were set up with 10 mice in each. The exposure doses of sunlight ultraviolet were 0, 10 J/cm2 and 20 J/cm2, respectively. The skin of mice was irradiated by a sunlight ultraviolet simulator for 5 days a week, 13 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the skin appearance of mice was examined; the skin moisture, oil content, texture density, hydroxyproline ( HYP ), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde ( MDA ), glutathione ( GSH ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activities were detected; and the skin tissue morphology, collagen fiber morphology and elastic fiber morphology were observed. @*Results @#The skin appearance of mice in the no exposure group was normal; in the low exposure group, only one mouse had mild skin desquamation; in the high exposure group, the skin was loose and wrinkled, dry and desquamated, local thickening and erythema formation. Compared with the no exposure group, the contents of skin moisture, HYP, HA and SOD activity were lower, texture density, MDA content, morphological scores of skin tissue, collagen fiber tissue and elastic fiber tissue were higher in the high exposure group ( all P<0.05 ). Compared with the low exposure group, the HA content and SOD activity were lower, the skin texture density, MDA content, and histomorphological scores of skin tissue and collagen fibers were higher in the high exposure group ( all P<0.05 ).@*Conclusion @#Exposure to 20 J/cm2 sunlight ultraviolet can significantly lead to abnormal skin appearance and function in mice.

Research progress on enhancing biological activity of titanium implants by chairside ultraviolet photofunctionalization / 口腔疾病防治

@#Excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility resulted in titanium and titanium alloys being widely used in the medical field. However, the biological activity of atitanium surface will gradually fade with increasing exposure time, which affects its final osseointegration. As an effective surface modification method, ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization does not change the surface morphology of implants and is a suitable surface treatment for many brands of implants. This article summarizes the research progress on the effect of UV photofunctionalization technology on the characteristics of titanium surfaces, biological activity and implant osseointegration, as well as its current clinical applications. Studies have shown that the superhydrophilicity of the titanium surface and improved biological activity endowed by UV photofunctionalization can accelerate and enhance bone formation, resulting in a higher success rate of implant surgery. Therefore, UV photofunctionalization has great potential for clinical chairside applications.