Predicción de la valoración del recién nacido según el estado nutricional materno: modelo basado en árboles de decisión / Prediction of newborn assessment according to maternal nutritional status: a model based on decision trees

Objetivo: Determinar si es posible predecir la valoración del recién nacido según el estado nutricional materno a través de un modelo de árbol de decisión. Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal. Se revisaron 326 historias clínicas de gestantes de un hospital público peruano, 2021. Se valoró el recién nacido mediante el puntaje APGAR, edad gestacional al nacer, peso al nacer, peso y talla para la edad gestacional. El estado nutricional materno incluyó el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia de peso gestacional. La predicción se realizó mediante un modelo de aprendizaje automático supervisado denominado "árbol de decisión". Resultados: No fue posible predecir mediante el estado nutricional materno, el puntaje APGAR al minuto y la talla para la edad gestacional. La probabilidad de tener edad gestacional a término al nacer es de 97,2 % cuando la ganancia de peso gestacional es > 5,4 Kg (p = 0,007). Las probabilidades más altas de peso adecuado al nacer fueron con ganancia de peso gestacional entre 4,5 Kg (p < 0,001) y 17 Kg (p < 0,001) y con índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≤ 36,523 Kg/m2 (p = 0,004). Finalmente, la mayor probabilidad de peso adecuado para la edad gestacional es cuando la ganancia de peso gestacional es ≤ 11,8 Kg (p < 0,001) y con un índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≤ 36,523 Kg/m2 (p = 0,005). Conclusiones: Es posible predecir la valoración del recién nacido a partir del estado nutricional materno mediante un aprendizaje automático(AU)

Objective: To determine whether it is possible to predict the assessment of the newborn according to maternal nutritional status through a decision tree model. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 326 medical records of pregnant women from a Peruvian public hospital were reviewed, in 2021. The newborn was assessed using the APGAR score, gestational age at birth, birth weight, weight and height for gestational age. Maternal nutritional status included pregestational body mass index and gestational weight gain. The prediction was made using a supervised machine learning model called a "decision tree." Results: The APGAR score at one minute and height for gestational age were not possible to predict by maternal nutritional status. The probability of having full-term gestational age at birth is 97.2% when gestational weight gain is > 5.4 kg (p = 0.007). The highest probabilities of adequate birth weight were with gestational weight gain between 4.5 kg (p < 0.001) and 17 kg (p < 0.001) and with pregestational body mass index ≤ 36.523 kg/m2 (p = 0.004). Finally, the highest probability of adequate weight for gestational age is when gestational weight gain is < 11.8 Kg (p < 0.001) and with a pregestational body mass index ≤ 36.523 Kg/m2 (p = 0.005). Conclusions: It is possible to predict the assessment of the newborn based on the mother's nutritional status using machine learning(AU)

Feeding premature babies in the neonatology department of the Androva Mahajanga Hospital

Background: The initiation and progression of enteral nutrition in premature infants remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate enteral nutritional management in premature infants in the neonatology department at the mother and child complex Androva Mahajanga.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study over a 7-month period, from January to July 2018. All neonates under 37SA who received enteral feeding were included.Results: During the study period, 74 newborns were able to receive enteral feeding. The mean age of onset of enteral feeding was 10.6 hours. In 89.2% of cases, enteral feeding was started within the first 24 hours of life. On average, the initial quantity administered was 28.4ml/kg/d. Human milk was used most frequently (54.8%). The presence of residue was the most frequently encountered incident (31.5%). Ulcero-necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in 7 newborns (9.5%). Forty-five newborns had a good outcome, with an average weight gain of 9.28 g/kg/d.Conclusions: The implementation of a nutritional management protocol for newborns, especially premature babies, in the neonatology department would be beneficial for a better outcome and growth of the baby.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) / Efeito das folhas da Moringa olifera no crescimento e na microbiota intestinal da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis ​​por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e nutricionais no ganho de peso interdialítico em usuários de hemodiálise / Factores socioeconómicos, clínicos y nutricionales en el aumento de peso interdialítico en usuarios de hemodiálisis / Socioeconomic, clinical and nutritional factors on interdialytic weight gain in haemodialysis users

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados ao ganho de peso interdialítico em usuários de serviços de hemodiálise em uma Região Metropolitana do Brasil. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo 1.024 indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise no Brasil. O ganho de peso interdialítico foi avaliado pelo percentual de ganho de peso entre uma sessão de hemodiálise e outra. As variáveis incluídas na análise de regressão logística binária foram selecionadas considerando p< 0,10 no teste bivariado. Resultados Demonstramos que ter mais anos de estudo (OR=0,537;IC 95% = 0,310-0,931; p=0,027) e sobrepeso (OR=0,661;IC 95% = 0,461-0,948; p=0,024) ou obesidade ( OR=0,387;IC 95% = 0,246-0,608; p=<0,001) reduziu as chances de os usuários apresentarem alto ganho de peso interdialítico. Usuários sem trabalho remunerado (OR=2,025; IC 95% = 1,218-3,365; p=0,007) e que não adotavam medidas para reduzir o sal (OR=1,694; IC 95% = 1,085-2,645; p=0,020) tiveram maiores chances de ganho de peso interdialítico. Conclusão Os resultados apontam para associação entre o aumento do ganho de peso interdialítico e a ausência de trabalho remunerado e a não adoção de medidas para reduzir a ingestão de sal na dieta. Portanto, o conhecimento sobre esses fatores associados pode ser uma alternativa importante para o direcionamento individualizado dessa população.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados al aumento de peso interdialítico en usuarios de servicios de hemodiálisis en una región metropolitana de Brasil. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico transversal que incluyó 1.024 individuos con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis en Brasil. El aumento de peso interdialítico se evaluó mediante el porcentaje de aumento de peso entre una sesión de hemodiálisis y otra. Las variables incluidas en el análisis de regresión logística binaria fueron seleccionadas considerando p< 0,10 en la prueba bivariada. Resultados Se demostró que tener más años de estudio (OR=0,537;IC 95 % = 0,310-0,931; p=0,027) y sobrepeso (OR=0,661;IC 95 % = 0,461-0,948; p=0,024) u obesidad ( OR=0,387;IC 95 % = 0,246-0,608; p=<0,001) redujo las chances de que los usuarios presenten un elevado aumento de peso interdialítico. Usuarios sin trabajo remunerado (OR=2,025; IC 95 % = 1,218-3,365; p=0,007) y que no adoptaban medidas para reducir la sal (OR=1,694; IC 95 % = 1,085-2,645; p=0,020) tuvieron más chances de aumento de peso interdialítico. Conclusión Los resultados señalan una relación entre el aumento de peso interdialítico y la ausencia de trabajo remunerado y la no adopción de medidas para reducir la ingesta de sal en la dieta. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento sobre estos factores asociados puede ser una alternativa importante para la orientación individualizada de esta población.

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with interdialytic weight gain in users of haemodialysis services in a metropolitan region of Brazil. Methods This is an cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,024 individuals with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis in Brazil. Interdialytic weight gain was evaluated by the percentage weight gain between one haemodialysis session and another. The variables included in the binary logistic regression analysis were selected by considering p< 0.10 in the bivariate test. Results We demonstrated that having more years of study (OR=0.537;CI 95% = 0.310-0.931; p=0.027) and be overweight (OR=0.661;CI 95% = 0.461-0.948; p=0.024) or obese (OR=0.387;CI 95% = 0.246-0.608; p=<0.001) reduced the chances of users having high interdialytic weight gain. Those who did not have paid work (OR=2.025;CI 95% = 1.218-3.365; p=0.007) and not adopting measures to reduce salt increased (OR=1.694;CI 95% = 1.085-2.645; p=0.020) increased the chances of interdialytic weight. Conclusion The results point to an association between the increase in interdialytic weight gain and the absence of paid work and the non-adoption of measures to reduce salt intake in the diet. Therefore, the need for knowledge about these associated factors can be an important alternative for the individual targeting of this population.

Impact of anthro-metabolic indices and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective observational study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of anthro-metabolic indices on maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted on healthy mother-baby pairs between January 1, 2023 and July 1, 2023. Detailed sociodemographic information was collected through an interview with the mother. Clinical, biochemical, obstetric, fetal, and neonatal outcomes were abstracted from hospital medical records. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from the examination of mother-baby pairs. RESULTS: A total of 336 healthy mothers-children pairs were included. Mothers of newborn ≥4000 g had higher gestational age (p=0.003), body mass index (p=0.003), gestational weight gain (p=0.016), waist circumferences (p=0.002), and hip circumferences (p=0.001). gestational weight gain was associated with the mode of delivery (p=0.023). waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.005), gestational weight gain (p=0.013), and a body shape ındex (p<0.001) were associated with longer length of hospital stay. Age (p<0.001) and inter-pregnancy interval (p=0.004) were higher in pre-pregnancy underweight/obese mothers. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that maternal waist circumferences (AUC: 0.708, p=0.005), maternal weight (AUC: 0.690, p=0.010), and hip circumferences (AUC: 0.680, p=0.015) were sufficient to predict macrosomia (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a significant association between gestational weight gain and cesarean delivery, prolonged hospital stay, and macrosomia. It was also found that maternal body mass index, waist circumferences, and hip circumferences during pregnancy were associated with macrosomia. On the contrary, no significant relationship was found between maternal anthro-metabolic characteristics and maternal-fetal and birth outcomes.

Post-partum weight retention in Northeastern Brazilian women: a prospective NISAMI cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Weight retention during the post-partum period is associated with excessive weight gain. OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with maternal weight retention at six months post-partum (PPWR). DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 127 women monitored using prenatal services. METHODS: The outcome variable was represented by post-partum maternal weight retention and calculated as the difference between the mother's weight at sixth month post-partum and her pregestational weight. RESULTS: The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.7 ± 5.25 years old, and the post-partum maternal weight retention was 46.5%. The proximal determinants showed a direct association with PPWR after adjusting for the distal and intermediate variables: excessive gestational weight gain (odds ratio [OR]:3.34; confidence interval [CI]:1.16-9.59), greater adhesion to dietary intake pattern 2 (composed of red meats and derivatives, eggs, industrialized foods, and coffee) (OR:2.70; CI:1.16-6.32), and the absence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in the first month (OR:3.40; CI:1.27-9.12), as well as primiparity (OR:2.36; CI:1.00-5.55), an intermediate determinant. Insufficient weight gain in pregnancy was inversely associated with the outcome (OR:0.35; CI:0.31-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Among the hierarchical determinants, proximal factors were interrelated with maternal weight retention, indicating that excessive total weight gain, an inadequate dietary intake pattern, and the absence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in the first month of life work as dampeners of the return to pre-gestational weight. Prepartum and post-partum care interventions can contribute to reducing excess weight in women.

Influence of gestational weight gain and preconception body mass index on overweight and obesity of school-age children / 中国儿童保健杂志

【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of overweight/obesity among school-age children in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to explore the influence of gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on weight status of school-age children. 【Methods】 From November to December 2020,a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select first-grade students from 13 primary schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.After matching with the birth monitoring database, 755 students with complete birth information were selected as the study subjects.The relevant information of mothers before and during pregnancy was retrospectively collected, and the effects of pregnancy weight gain combined with pre-pregnancy BMI on overweight/obesity in school-age children were analyzed. 【Results】 1) The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of first-grade children were 15.89% and 18.41%, respectively.2) Maternal excessive weight gain during pregnancy (OR=1.678) and overweight/obesity before pregnancy (OR=2.315,2.412) were risk factors for overweight/obesity of the offspring at school age(P<0.05).3) For mothers who were underweight before pregnancy, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring (OR=7.436, 95%CI: 1.489 - 37.143,P<0.05).4) Excessive weight gain during pregnancy combined with overweight/obesity before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity in offspring (OR=3.606, 95%CI: 2.030 - 6.405, P<0.05). Mothers who gained a moderate amount of weight during pregnancy and were emaciated before pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity in their school-age children (OR=0.217, 95%CI: 0.049 - 0.967, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring, strengthening pregnancy health education and perinatal care to help pregnant women maintain appropriate weight gain during pregnancy may be an important and novel strategy to prevent childhood obesity.

Near-infrared Spectroscopic Quality Control on Coating Process of Vitamin C Yinqiao Tablets / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo construct a quantitative prediction model of three indicators（moisture absorption rate， film thickness and coating weight gain） during the coating process of Vitamin C Yinqiao tablets（VCYT） by near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS）， and to realize the endpoint judgment. MethodReal-time NIRS data of 4 batches of VCYT during the coating process were collected by diffuse reflection method. The coating method employed was the rolling coating method， and the samples were obtained at the spray stage from the coater's sampling port every 10 minutes， and 57 batches of samples（about 1 800 tablets） were collected at various coating times， the tablets were embedded in molten paraffin， cut longitudinally， and observed by stereomicroscope. The film thickness， with a target value of 38 μm， was then measured using Motic Images Advanced 3.2 software. Furthermore， the mositure absorption rate of samples， aiming for a target value of 3%， was determined in accordance with guiding principles for drug hygroscopicity testing in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， and 3 samples were randomly selected from each batch（10 tablets per batch）， and the coating weight gain was calculated（target value of 4%）. Partial least squares regression（PLSR） was used to construct a quantitative model of the 3 coating indicators， and the predicted values of the coating indicators were smoothed using the moving average method and used to determine the coating endpoints. ResultThe prediction determination coefficients（Rp2） for moisture absorption rate， film thickness and coating weight gain were 0.933 4， 0.932 6 and 0.965 9， the root mean square errors of prediction（RMSEP） were 0.163 5%， 1.870 9 μm and 0.240 3%， the relative percent deviations（RPD） were 3.711 0， 2.760 7 and 5.415 8， respectively. The results of the external validation set demonstrated that the real-time predicted values obtained by the models exhibited the same trend as the measured values， and the coating endpoint could be accurately predicted（with a prediction error of less than 7.32 min and a relative error of less than 5.63%）. ConclusionThe established NIRS model exhibits excellent predictive performance and can be used for quality control of VCYT during the coating process.

Impact of excessive pregnancy weight gain on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal conditions in pre-pregnancy overweight and obese women / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy in pre-pregnancy overweight and obese women on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal conditions， and to provide scientific evidence for formulating weight management strategies before and during pregnancy and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. MethodsClinical data of 2 172 parturients collected from a community in Huangpu District from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed， and they were divided into pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity group （n=530）， normal pre-pregnancy weight group（n=937）， and underweight pre-pregnancy group（n=705） according to maternal precursor body mass index （BMI）. Based on their weight gain during pregnancy，the parturient were divided into moderate gestational weight gain （MGWG） group and excessive gestational weight gain （EGWG） group. Meanwhile， the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage， puerperal infection， placental abruption， premature rupture of membranes， mode of delivery， premature birth， stillbirth， fetal distress， admission to the intensive care unit （ICU）， macrosomia， and Apgar score， were recorded. Then the differences in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between groups were compared. The effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal conditions was retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe pre-pregnancy overweight and obese group had higher proportions of placental abruption， premature rupture of membranes， cesarean section， premature birth， fetal distress， and macrosomia compared to the normal pre-pregnancy weight group and the underweight pre-pregnancy group， with Apgar scores lower than the normal pre-pregnancy weight group and the underweight pre-pregnancy group （all P<0.05）. The EGWG group had higher proportions of postpartum hemorrhage， placental abruption， premature rupture of membranes， cesarean section， premature birth， fetal distress， admission to the ICU， and macrosomia than the MGWG group （all P<0.05）. In the pre-pregnancy overweight and obese group， the EGWG group had higher proportions of placental abruption， premature rupture of membranes， premature birth， fetal distress， admission to the ICU， and macrosomia than the MGWG group， with lower Apgar scores than the MGWG group （all P<0.05）. In the normal pre-pregnancy weight group， the EGWG group had higher proportions of placental abruption， premature rupture of membranes， premature birth， fetal distress， admission to the ICU， and macrosomia than the MGWG group （all P<0.05）. In the pre-pregnancy overweight and obese group， the EGWG group had higher proportions of premature rupture of membranes， cesarean section， premature birth， fetal distress， and macrosomia than the EGWG group in the normal pre-pregnancy weight group（all P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that EGWG in pre-pregnancy overweight and obese women was a risk factor for placental abruption （OR=2.971， 95%CI： 1.098‒8.042）， premature rupture of membranes （OR=4.662， 95%CI： 2.798‒7.770）， cesarean delivery （OR=1.375，95%CI： 1.260‒2.541）， premature birth （OR=4.249， 95%CI： 2.384‒7.573）， fetal distress （OR=3.238， 95%CI： 1.589‒6.598）， admission to the ICU （OR=3.010， 95%CI： 1.265‒7.164）， and macrosomia （OR=5.437， 95%CI： 3.392‒8.716） （all P<0.05）. ConclusionExcessive gestational weight gain in pre-pregnancy overweight and obese women is a risk factors for placental abruption， premature rupture of membranes， cesarean section， premature birth， fetal distress， admission to the ICU， and macrosomia.

Comparison of Ultrasound Prediction Methods for Fetal Body Mass and the Effect of Pregnancy Weight Gain on Its Accuracy / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To compare the accuracy of 11 ultrasound parameters prediction formulas for fetal body mass,and to explore the effect of gestational weight gain(GWG)on the accuracy of ultrasound prediction of fetal body mass.Methods:A total of 502 single and full-term postpartum women who gave birth from August 2020 to December 2020 at Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University were collected.The gestational weight gain,fetal ultrasound measurement indicators within 7 days before delivery,and newborn birth weight were calculated and analyzed.The accuracy of multiple ultrasound prediction formulas were calculated and analyzed.According to the criteria for weight gain during pregnancy,the reasonable weight gain during pregnancy was 12.5-18.0 kg for singleton pregnancies with pre-pregnancy(body mass index)BMI<18.5 kg/m2,11.5-16.0 kg for those with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2,7.0-11.5 kg for those with BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2,and 5.0-9.0 kg for those with BMI≥30.0 kg/m2.The cases were divided into the group with insufficient GWG(125 cases),the normal group(202 cases),and the group with too much GWG(175 cases)to analyze the effect of different GWG on the accuracy of ultrasound pre-diction of fetal body mass.Results:Among the 11 ultrasound parameter formulas for predicting fetal body mass,the HadlockⅢformula predicted fetal body mass with an absolute error of 186.64±149.28 g and a relative error of(5.52±4.18)%,which was the smallest error among 11 prediction formulas,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The absolute and relative error compliance rates were 72.31%,86.25%,respectively,both of which were the highest,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).When the HadlockⅢformula was used to predict birth weight in the insufficient GWG group,the normal group,and the group with too much GWG,the absolute errors were 190.23±136.69 g,148.12±99.39 g,228.54±189.57 g,and the relative errors were(5.95±4.25)%,(4.40±2.78)%,(6.49±5.09)%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The accuracy of Hadlock Ⅲ formula in predicting fetal body mass is better than that of other formulas,but its accuracy can be affected by GWG,and it is necessary to consider multiple as-pects when estimating fetal body mass in clinical practice.

Weight gain in low-birth-weight newborns and associated factors in Central Benin settings

Background: There is an association between low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to identify associated factors with low 4-week weight gain among low-birth-weight newborns benefiting from the "optimized mother-newborn care model" within Bohicon health district in Benin. Methods: This was a retrospective, analytical study of 124 low-weight newborns benefiting from the "optimized mother-newborn care model", monitored for four weeks, and their mothers. Data on newborns and mothers as well as on the healthcare system were gathered through documentary review and interviews. Logistic regression was used to investigate associated factors with weight gain. Results: Of the 124 newborns monitored, more than half (54.84%) were female, their average birth weight was 2110.24±217.05 grams, and 103 (83.06%) reached the weight threshold of 2500 grams after four weeks. The mean age of the 101 mothers surveyed was 23.47±5.23 years. High household size (OR=5.65; CI95%: [1.04-30.71]), absence of home visits by community health workers (OR=10.93; CI95%: [1.54-77.14]), breastfeeding by expressing milk directly from the breast into baby’s mouth (OR=13.90; CI95%: [2.57-74.97]) and non-consumption of hindmilk by the newborn (OR=10.93; CI95%: [1.72-47.08]), were associated with weight gain in these low-weight newborns. Conclusions: The "optimized mother-newborn care model" appears to improve weight gain in low-birth-weight newborns. Taking into account the factors associated with low weight gain in low-weight newborns could improve the effectiveness of the implemented model in this health district.

Effects of Colored Polymer Light and Feed Forms on the Performance of Broiler Chickens in the Humid Tropical Climate

Aims: The colours of the polymer used during brooding could impair the vision of the chicks. For chicks reared in the dark environment, they have limited access to daylight and find it difficult to gain access to feed and water. Therefore, for better understanding of the effect of the polymer colours on broiler production in the humid tropical climate, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of coloured polymer light filter and feed forms on performance of broiler chickens. Methodology: A total of two hundred and forty (240) chicks were allocated in 2 × 4 factorial arrangements with two feed forms (mash and pellet). The chicks were reared under four (4) different coloured polymer light filter, namely; white (T1), blue (T2), black (T3), and green (T4) and an incandescent bulb (100 Watts) each. Results: The results showed that the birds reared under the white polymer light filter had the highest weight gain (1565.28 g), while the least weight gain (1469.72 g) was observed in birds reared under black polymer light filter. For rectal temperature of the birds, it was discovered that broiler chicken reared under white polymer light filter had the highest rectal temperature (39.63°C), while the least rectal temperature of 39.33°C was observed in the chicken reared under black polymer light filter. The highest environmental temperature (34.03°C) was observed in birds reared under black polymer light filter, while the least environmental temperature (30.03°C) was observed in birds reared under white polymer light filter. The results further showed that birds fed with pelletized feed form had the highest weight gain than the birds fed with mashed feed form. Conclusions: From the findings of this study, it is certain that polymer light filter and feed forms are important factors that could influence birds’ performance.

A prospective randomized controlled trial to study the effect of prenatal yoga on maternal weight gain and psychological stress in pregnancy and its association with pregnancy outcomes

Background: Objective of study was to evaluate the effect of prenatal yoga on maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and psychological stress in pregnancy (PSS) and to evaluate the effect of prenatal yoga on labour outcomes.Methods: Prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at AIIMS, New Delhi between May 2020-December 2021. Sixty women each were recruited in the yoga and control group. Women in the yoga group attended 60 minutes supervised yoga sessions followed by self-sessions. Women in the control group received routine antenatal care along with 30 minutes per day of walking and dietary counselling. The assessment was done for the weight(WT), dietary intake (D) and perceived stress score (PSS) at the time of recruitment (WT1, D1, PSS1), 28 weeks (WT2, D2, PSS2) and 36 weeks (WT3, D3, PSS3) and the results were then compared.Results: At recruitment all the parameters in both groups were comparable. The difference in mean and difference in percentage in terms of gestational weight gain (GWG) at recruitment and at 36 weeks was statistically significant (p-value=0.027). The per cent weight gain in the Yoga group was significantly low (p value=0.048). The control group experienced more amount of stress both at 28 weeks (p-value = 0.021) and 36 weeks (p-value <0.0001). The difference in mean and difference in percentage in terms of PSS1 and PSS2 (p-value=0.011), PSS2 and PSS3 (p-value=0.0001) PSS1 and PSS 3 (p-value=0.0001). Labour outcomes were comparable between both groups.Conclusions: Yoga helps in controlling excessive GWG and helps prevent many adverse feto-maternal outcomes associated with obesity.

A prospective randomized controlled trial to study the effect of prenatal yoga on maternal weight gain and psychological stress in pregnancy and its association with pregnancy outcomes

Background: Objective of study was to evaluate the effect of prenatal yoga on maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and psychological stress in pregnancy (PSS) and to evaluate the effect of prenatal yoga on labour outcomes.Methods: Prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at AIIMS, New Delhi between May 2020-December 2021. Sixty women each were recruited in the yoga and control group. Women in the yoga group attended 60 minutes supervised yoga sessions followed by self-sessions. Women in the control group received routine antenatal care along with 30 minutes per day of walking and dietary counselling. The assessment was done for the weight(WT), dietary intake (D) and perceived stress score (PSS) at the time of recruitment (WT1, D1, PSS1), 28 weeks (WT2, D2, PSS2) and 36 weeks (WT3, D3, PSS3) and the results were then compared.Results: At recruitment all the parameters in both groups were comparable. The difference in mean and difference in percentage in terms of gestational weight gain (GWG) at recruitment and at 36 weeks was statistically significant (p-value=0.027). The per cent weight gain in the Yoga group was significantly low (p value=0.048). The control group experienced more amount of stress both at 28 weeks (p-value = 0.021) and 36 weeks (p-value <0.0001). The difference in mean and difference in percentage in terms of PSS1 and PSS2 (p-value=0.011), PSS2 and PSS3 (p-value=0.0001) PSS1 and PSS 3 (p-value=0.0001). Labour outcomes were comparable between both groups.Conclusions: Yoga helps in controlling excessive GWG and helps prevent many adverse feto-maternal outcomes associated with obesity.

Sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e os sintomas estressantes durante a gravidez afetam o ganho de peso gestacional? / Do depressive symptoms, anxiety and stressful symptoms during pregnancy affect gestational weight gain?

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar os efeitos dos sintomas de transtornos mentais na gravidez (sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e estresse) no ganho de peso gestacional. Estudo longitudinal, realizado com dados da Coorte de nascimento BRISA, iniciada em 2010 em São Luís, Maranhão. O ganho de peso gestacional foi classificado de acordo com Institute of Medicine. A variável independente foi um construto (variável latente) nomeado de sintomas de transtornos mentais, englobando as variáveis sintomas depressivos, a ansiedade e os sintomas estressantes (todas de forma contínua). Utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais, a fim de investigar a associação entre a saúde mental e ganho de peso. Em relação a associação entre sintomas de transtornos mentais e ganho de peso na gestação, não se encontrou efeito total (CP=0,043; p=0,377). Em relação aos efeitos indiretos, também não se encontrou efeito através dos comportamentos de risco (CP=0,03; p=0,368) e através da atividade física (CP=0,00; p=0,974). Finalmente os dados não evidenciaram efeito direto dos sintomas de transtornos mentais durante a gravidez como o ganho de peso gestacional (CP=0,050; p=0,404). O ganho de peso gestacional não apresentou efeito direto, indireto e total nos sintomas de transtornos mentais de gestantes.

Abstract The scope of this article is to estimate the effects of symptoms of mental disorders during pregnancy (depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress) on gestational weight gain (kg). It is a longitudinal study, carried out with data from the BRISA Birth Cohort, which was launched in 2010 in São Luís, Maranhão. Gestational weight gain was classified according to the Institute of Medicine. The independent variable was a construct (latent variable) referred to as symptoms of mental disorders, made up of the depressive symptoms, anxiety and stressful symptoms variables (all on an ongoing basis). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the association between mental health and weight gain. Regarding the association between symptoms of mental disorders and weight gain during pregnancy, no total effect was found (PC=0.043; p=0.377). Regarding indirect effects, no effect was found either through risk behaviors (PC=0.03; p=0.368) or through physical activity (PC=0.00; p=0.974). Finally, the data did not show a direct effect of symptoms of mental disorders during pregnancy such as gestational weight gain (PC=0.050; p=0.404). Gestational weight gain had no direct, indirect or total effect on symptoms of mental disorders in pregnant women.

Racial discrimination predicts the increase in body weight and BMI in Black individuals from ELSA-Brasil cohort / Discriminação racial prediz o aumento do peso corporal e do IMC em indivíduos pretos da coorte ELSA-Brasil

Abstract We investigated whether racial discrimination accelerates the weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) gain in Blacks and Browns participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) in four years of follow-up. We compared body weight and BMI between the 1st (2008-2010) and 2nd visit (2012-2014) of 5,983 Blacks and Browns participants. Exposure to racial discrimination and covariates (age, sex, education, and research center) were obtained at the 1st visit. Linear mixed effects models stratified by race/skin color were used. Report of racial discrimination was more frequent among Blacks (32.1%) than Browns (6.3%). During the follow-up period, Blacks and Browns gained an average of 1.4kg and 1.2kg, respectively. This increase was greater among those who reported discrimination when compared to those who did not, both in Blacks (2.1kg vs.1.0kg, p < 0.001) and Browns (1.9kg vs. 1.1kg, p < 0.05). The results of the interaction between racial discrimination and time showed that Blacks, but not Browns, who reported racial discrimination had greater weight and BMI gains between visits. Our results suggest that reducing racial discrimination would contribute to prevent and/or control obesity increase in the country.

Resumo Investigou-se se a discriminação racial acelera o ganho de peso corporal e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) em pretos e pardos participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) em quatro anos de seguimento. Comparou-se o peso corporal e o IMC entre a 1ª (2008-2010) e a 2ª visita (2012-2014) de 5.983 participantes pretos e pardos. A exposição à discriminação racial e às covariáveis ​​(idade, sexo, escolaridade e centro de pesquisa) foram obtidas na 1ª visita. Foram utilizados modelos lineares de efeitos mistos estratificados por raça/cor da pele. O relato de discriminação racial foi mais frequente entre pretos (32,1%) do que em pardos (6,3%). Durante o período de acompanhamento, pretos e pardos ganharam uma média de 1,4kg e 1,2kg, respectivamente. Esse aumento foi maior entre os que relataram discriminação, quando comparados aos que não relataram, tanto em pretos (2,1 kg vs. 1,0 kg, p < 0,001) quanto em pardos (1,9kg vs. 1,1kg, p < 0,05). Após ajustes, os pretos, mas não os pardos, que relataram discriminação racial apresentaram maiores ganhos de peso e IMC entre as visitas. Nossos resultados sugerem que a redução da discriminação racial pode contribuir para prevenir e/ou controlar o aumento da obesidade no país.

Performance and bone quality of broilers fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus and supplemented with phytase / Rendimiento y calidad ósea de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas que contienen diferentes niveles de fósforo y suplementadas con fitasa / Desempenho e qualidade óssea de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas com diferentes níveis de fósforo e suplementadas com fitase

Abstract Background: Although phytase has been widely used in poultry nutrition, the effects of the enzyme on broilers fed low levels of phosphorus are poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of two commercial phytases on live performance and bone quality of broilers fed diets with normal and reduced levels of phosphorus. Methods: Two experiments were conducted with four treatments and six repetitions with 30 birds each, for a total of 24 groups. The first experiment (Exp. I) used a reference level of available phosphorus (AP) with four treatments, as follows: Positive control= 0.45% AP starter diet/0.40% AP grower diet without phytase; Phytase X= 0.35% AP starter diet/0.30% AP grower diet + Phytase X; Phytase Y= 0.35% AP starter diet/0.30% AP grower diet + Phytase Y; and Negative control= 0.35% AP starter diet/0.30% AP grower diet, without phytase. In experiment II (Exp. II) the same treatments were used, but AP levels were reduced by 0.10%. The variables analyzed were: performance from one to 35 days, and bone quality at 35 days of age. Both experiments were analyzed using a completely randomized design. Results: In Exp. I, the positive control resulted in greater body weight gain (2,558 g; p<0,05) compared to Phytase Y (2,470 g) and negative control (2,472 g), and better feed conversion ratio (1.48; p<0,05) than the negative control (1.51). However, when phosphorus was reduced in Exp. II, the positive control and treatments with Phytase X showed better results (p<0.01) for feed intake (3,608 g and 3,593 g, respectively) and weight gain (2,430 g and 2,400 g, respectively) compared to the negative control (2,889 g of feed intake and 1,915 g of weight gain; p<0.01), which also presented low bone ash (36.8%) and phosphorus in the tibia (5.48%; p<0.01). Conclusion: Reducing AP concentration in diets not added with phytase negatively affects weight gain and feed intake of broilers.

Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque la fitasa ha sido ampliamente utilizada en nutrición aviar, sus efectos en pollos de engorde alimentados con bajos niveles de fósforo son poco comprendidos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de dos fitasas comerciales sobre el desempeño y la calidad ósea de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas con niveles normales y reducidos de fósforo. Métodos: Se realizaron dos experimentos con cuatro tratamientos y seis repeticiones de 30 aves cada una, totalizando 24 grupos. En el primero (Exp. I) se utilizó el nivel de referencia de fósforo disponible (Pd) con cuatro tratamientos, así: Control positivo= 0,45% Pd dieta inicial/0,40% Pd dieta de engorde, sin fitasa; Fitasa X= 0,35% Pd dieta inicial/0,30% Pd dieta engorde + Fitasa X; Fitasa Y= 0,35% Pd dieta inicial/0,30% Pd dieta engorde + Fitasa Y; finalmente, Control negativo= 0,35% Pd dieta inicial/0,30% Pd dieta engorde, sin fitasa. En el segundo experimento (Exp. II) se utilizaron los mismos tratamientos, pero reduciendo en 0,10% el nivel de Pd. Las variables analizadas fueron: desempeño de uno a siete días y de uno a 35 días y calidad ósea a los 35 días de edad. Ambos experimentos se analizaron mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Resultados: En el Exp. I, control positivo presentó una mayor ganancia de peso corporal (2.558 g; p<0,05) en comparación con la Fitasa Y (2.470 g) y el control negativo (2.472 g), y mejor índice de conversión alimenticia (1,48; p<0,05) que el control negativo (1,51). Sin embargo, cuando se redujo el nivel de fósforo en el Exp. II, el control positivo y los tratamientos con Fitasa X mostraron mejores resultados (p<0,01) para el consumo de alimento (3.608 g y 3.593 g, respectivamente) y la ganancia de peso (2.430 g y 2.400 g, respectivamente) en comparación con el control negativo (2.889 g de consumo de alimento y 1.915 g de ganancia de peso; p<0,01), el cual también presentó baja concentración de cenizas óseas (36,8%) y fósforo en tibia (5,48%; p<0,01). Conclusión: La reducción de la concentración de Pd en dietas no aditivadas con fitasa afecta negativamente la ganancia de peso y el consumo de alimento del pollo de engorde.

Resumo Antecedentes: A fitase é uma enzima amplamente utilizada na nutrição de frangos de corte. No entanto existem várias opções comerciais e seus efeitos com níveis reduzidos de fósforo, são pouco avaliados. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de fitases comerciais no desempenho e na qualidade óssea de frangos de corte, alimentados com níveis normais e reduzidos de fósforo. Métodos: Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições, com 30 aves em cada, totalizando 24 grupos. No primeiro (I) utilizou o nível de referência de fósforo disponível (Pd), totalizando quatro tratamentos: controle positivo= 0,45% Pd dieta inicial/0,40% Pd dieta crescimento, sem fitase; tratamento fitase X= 0,35% Pd dieta inicial/0,30% Pd dieta crescimento + Fitase X; tratamento fitase Y= 0,35% Pd dieta inicial/0,30% Pd dieta de crescimento + Fitase Y; e controle negativo 0,35% Pd dieta inicial/0,30% Pd dieta crescimento, sem fitase. O segundo experimento utilizou os mesmos tratamentos, reduzindo 0,10% o nível de Pd. As variáveis ​​analisadas foram: desempenho de um a sete dias e de sete a 35 dias e qualidade óssea aos 35 dias. Ambos os experimentos foram analisados usando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Resultados: No Experimento I, o tratamento controle positivo apresentou maior ganho de peso corporal (2.557,86 g; p<0,05) em relação a fitase Y (2.470,27 g) e o controle negativo (2.471,73 g) e melhor índice de conversão alimentar (1,48; p<0,05) do que o tratamento controle negativo (1,51). Porém, quando o nível de fósforo foi reduzido no Experimento II, o controle positivo e os tratamentos com fitase X apresentaram os melhores resultados (p<0,01) para consumo de ração (3.608,0 g e 3.593,1 g, respectivamente) e ganho de peso corporal (2.429,8 g e 2.399,9 g, respectivamente) em comparação ao tratamento controle negativo (2.889,0 g de ingestão de ração e 1.915,3 g de ganho de peso corporal; p<0,01) que também apresentou baixa concentração de cinzas ósseas (36,8%) e fósforo na tíbia (5,48%; p<0,01). Conclusões. A redução da concentração de AP sem o uso de fitase reduz o ganho de peso corporal e o consumo de ração de frangos de corte.

Clinical Profile and Quality of Life of Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Hemodialysis is the most commonly used treatment modality for end stage renal disease. A 6 months observational study was conducted in the Dialysis unit of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal to study the clinical profile, quality of life with the help of KDQoL SF 36 questionnaire and factors affecting quality of life of hemodialysis patients. A total of 45 participants were included who initiated dialysis in the year 2018 and 2019 and were receiving dialysis in our hospital. Out of 45 participant 77.8% were males and 22.2% were females, the mean age was 55.29 (11.29) years. 23 patient-initiated dialysis in the year 2018 22 patients-initiated dialysis in the year 2019. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in this population were found to be 95.2%, 35.6% and 8.9% respectively. The mean scores of the sub scales were analyzed with the help of scoring manual and descriptive statistics. In the result it was found the hemoglobin, intradialytic weight gain were found to be positively correlated with the Physical component summary (PCS) and Mental component summary (MCS). Effects of kidney disease was found to be very strongly and positively correlated with dialysis vintage. In the result of the study due to its smaller population we cannot determine more factors which were affecting the Quality of life scores.

The association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and risk of pre-eclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is responsible for 20% to 80% of mortality among pregnant in developing countries. Preeclampsia may cause prematurity and fetal growth restriction. It is the most serious complication affecting 2-8% of all pregnancies. The mortality and morbidity rates among the babies of pre-eclampsia mothers is five times higher than that among babies born to healthy mothers. Objective: To find the association between pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with incidence of pre-eclampsia.Methods: Cross sectional Observational study was conducted among 140 cases. The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the ethics committee.Results: In this study, in 27.9% of cases overweight, and in 12.1% of cases obesity were seen. In 60.7% of cases severe preeclampsia, and 39.3% of cases mild preeclampsia was reported. Preeclampsia had no significant association with age, marital life, parity, but had a significant association with liquor, birth weight, and NICU admission.Conclusions: Pre pregnancy weight and Gestational weight gain were associated with high risk of preeclampsia.