Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 241
Filter
1.
J. res. dent ; 12(1): 17-22, Jun 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556280

ABSTRACT

Aims: This study aims to comprehensively examine the surface morphology of fiber posts after undergoing various disinfection methods, utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Materials and Methods: Twenty-one fiber posts were randomly allocated into seven experimental groups, each consisting of three samples. The disinfection methods employed were as follows: GC - no disinfection treatment; GAL - immersion in 70% alcohol, following the manufacturer's recommended protocol; GHP - soaking in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for a duration of 10 minutes; GCL - soaking in 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for a period of five minutes; GAC - 30-second etching with 35% phosphoric acid; GPH - soaking in 10% hydrogen peroxide for a duration of 20 minutes; and GSL - autoclave sterilization. Following the disinfection procedures, SEM was employed to scrutinize the surface topography of the posts, while EDX was utilized to identify the chemical elements present on the sample surfaces. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was conducted on the SEM images and EDX data. Results: SEM analysis revealed that all groups exhibited regions with epoxy resin-coated fibers alongside sections with exposed glass fibers. Analysis of the EDX data indicated that there were no significant differences in the predominant chemical elements across the groups. Carbon (C) and oxygen (O) registered the highest peaks, followed by silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr), sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca). Conclusions: The disinfection methods under investigation did not induce substantial alterations in the surface morphology of the fiber posts.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227822

ABSTRACT

Knee injuries are prevalent among young athletes, and an accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Knee pain is a widespread issue among adolescent athletes. About 50% of athletes experience knee pain every year, and an estimated 2.5 million sports-related knee injuries occur annually in young athletes. The study discusses common knee injuries, including fractures, cartilage damage, patellar injuries, and meniscus tears. It highlights the Ottawa knee rules (OKRs) as a valuable clinical decision tool for guiding the necessity of knee X-rays, emphasizing their high sensitivity and potential cost savings. Prevention strategies for youth athletes, such as injury prevention programs and neuromuscular training, are also discussed. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of radiation exposure and patient safety when utilizing diagnostic imaging, emphasizing adherence to radiation safety principles and the ALARA principle. In conclusion, this review emphasizes multifaceted role of X-rays in diagnosing knee injuries and importance of evidence-based decision rules, prevention strategies, and radiation safety in adolescent knee healthcare.

3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1027404

ABSTRACT

The increasing frequency of radiographic diagnostic imaging and the cumulative dose to the public from radiation has raised widespread concerns. However, accurate measurement of the radiation dose received by the human body is difficult to achieve. Monte Carlo simulation, as a numerical computational method guided by probability statistics theory, has been applied to various dose assessments, imaging optimizations, and radiation protection in radiographic diagnostic imaging. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of the Monte Carlo method, the modelling process of Monte Carlo simulation and the progress of its application to diagnostic radiological dose estimation.

4.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; Rev. bras. med. esporte;30: e2023_0231, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529916

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Body composition assessment (BCA) using anthropometric measurements (AM) is used to monitor the nutritional and health status of the elderly. As predictor variables, MAs must be valid, practical, and quick, as they favor adherence and avoid possible resistance and embarrassment on the part of those being assessed and being minimally invasive. Objective: To develop and validate equations using accessible and minimally invasive anthropometric measurements for BCA in elderly women. Methods: 100 women (68.1±6.15 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: validation (n=40; 68.1±6.15 years); and estimation (n=60; 68.4±6.70 years). DXA was selected as the criterion measure, and MAs (body mass, height, skinfolds, circumferences) were selected as predictor variables. Means were compared using the paired Student's t-test; correlations were verified using Pearson's r-test; equations using Multiple Linear Regression. The level of agreement between the groups' results was checked using the Bland-Altman technique. Results: Two equations developed and tested (E3 and E4) met the validation criteria as they showed adequate correlation coefficients (E3: r=0.73; E4: r=0.70), low constant errors (E3: EC= −0.56; E4: EC=-0.90), total error (E3: ET=3.22; E4: ET=3.06) lower than the Standard Error of Estimate (E3: EPE=3.24; E4: EPE=3.21), indicating no statistically significant difference between the two BCA techniques observed (p>0.05). The Bland-Altman technique showed good agreement between the results of the two techniques. Conclusion: Two were validated: E3 (%Gdxa= −41.556 + 4.041(BMI) + 0.165(DcCox) − 0.440(CircCox) + 0.269(CircQuad) − 0.053(BMI)²); and E4 (%GdxaE4= 15.329 + 1.044(BMI) −1.055(CircAbra) + 0.282(CircQuad) + 0.164(DcCox) − 0.262(CircCox)). Notably, the small number of measurements were located in areas of the body that are easily accessible and have little body exposure, which minimizes possible embarrassment and favors adherence by the elderly. Level of Evidence IV; Correlational study to build a predictive equation.


RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación de la composición corporal (ECC) mediante medidas antropométricas (MA) se utiliza para monitorizar el estado nutricional y de salud de las personas mayores. Las MA, como variables predictoras, deben ser válidas, prácticas y rápidas, ya que favorecen la adherencia y evitan posibles resistencias y vergüenzas por parte de los evaluados, además de ser mínimamente invasivas. Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar ecuaciones utilizando medidas antropométricas de fácil acceso y mínimamente invasivas para la ECC en mujeres de edad avanzada. Métodos: 100 mujeres (68,1±6,15 años) asignadas aleatoriamente a dos grupos: validación (n=40; 68,1±6,15 años); estimación (n=60; 68,4±6,70 años). Se seleccionó la DXA como medida criterio, y las MA (masa corporal, estatura, pliegues cutáneos, circunferencias) como variables predictoras. Las medias se compararon mediante la prueba t de Student emparejada; las correlaciones se comprobaron mediante la prueba r de Pearson; las ecuaciones mediante Regresión Lineal Múltiple. El nivel de concordancia entre los resultados de los grupos se comprobó mediante la técnica de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Dos ecuaciones desarrolladas y probadas (E3 y E4) cumplieron los criterios de validación, ya que mostraron coeficientes de correlación adecuados (E3: r=0,73; E4: r=0,70), errores constantes bajos (E3: EC= −0,56; E4: EC=-0,90), error total (E3: ET=3,22; E4: ET=3,06) inferior al error estándar de estimación (E3: EPE=3,24; E4: EPE=3,21), lo que indica que no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos técnicas de ECC (p>0,05). La técnica de Bland-Altman mostró una buena concordancia entre los resultados de las dos técnicas. Conclusión: Se validaron dos: E3 (%Gdxa= −41,556 + 4,041(IMC) + 0,165(DcCox) − 0,440(CircCox) + 0,269(CircQuad) − 0,053(IMC)²); y E4 (%GdxaE4= 15,329 + 1,044(IMC) −1,055(CircAbra) + 0,282(CircQuad) + 0,164(DcCox) − 0,262(CircCox)). Es de destacar que el reducido número de mediciones se localizaron en zonas del cuerpo de fácil acceso y con poca exposición corporal, lo que minimiza posibles situaciones embarazosas y favorece la adherencia por parte de los ancianos. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudio correlacional para construir una ecuación predictiva.


RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação da composição corporal (ACC) com auxílio das medidas antropométricas (MA) é utilizado no acompanhamento do estado nutricional e de saúde das populações idosas. As MAs como variáveis preditoras, devem ser válidas, práticas e rápidas, pois favorecem a adesão e evitam possíveis resistências e constrangimento das avaliadas, além de minimamente invasivas. Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar equações utilizando medidas antropométricas de fácil acesso e minimamente invasivas, para ACC de idosas. Métodos: 100 mulheres (68,1±6,15 anos) distribuídas aleatoriamente por dois grupos: validação (n=40; 68,1±6,15 anos); estimativa (n=60; 68,4±6,70 anos). Como medida critério selecionou-se a DXA, como variáveis preditoras as MAs (massa corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas, circunferências). As médias foram comparadas com o teste t de Student pareado; as correlações verificadas com o teste r Pearson; as equações com a Regressão Linear Múltipla. O nível de concordância entre os resultados dos grupos foi verificado com a técnica Bland-Altman. Resultados: Duas equações desenvolvidas e testadas (E3 e E4) atenderam aos critérios de validação, pois, apresentaram coeficientes de correlação adequados (E3: r=0,73; E4: r=0,70), erros constantes baixos (E3: EC= −0,56; E4: EC=-0,90), erro total (E3: ET=3,22; E4: ET=3,06) menores que o Erro Padrão de Estimativa (E3: EPE=3,24; E4: EPE=3,21), indicando não existir diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as duas técnicas de ACC observadas (p>0,05). A técnica Bland-Altman demonstrou boa concordância entre os resultados das duas técnicas. Conclusão: Duas equações foram validadas: E3 (%Gdxa= −41,556 + 4,041(IMC) + 0,165(DcCox) - 0,440(CircCox) + 0,269(CircQuad) - 0,053(IMC)²); e E4 (%GdxaE4= 15,329 + 1,044(IMC) −1,055(CircAbra) + 0,282(CircQuad) + 0,164(DcCox) - 0,262(CircCox)). Destaca-se o fato do reduzido número de medidas situarem-se em áreas corporais de fácil acesso e de pouca exposição corporal, que minimizam possíveis constrangimentos e favorecem a adesão das idosas. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo correlacional para construção de equação preditiva.

5.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 39(91): 9-18, 2024. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554833

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La identificación por cotejo de regis-tros odontológicos representa una metodología científicamente consolidada. La estrategia más co-mún reside en la comparación de odontogramas impresos o digitalizados, aunque se ha cuestionado cierta subjetividad al asentar dicha información. Los recursos imagenológicos constituyen una evidencia más confiable y objetiva, reduciendo el sesgo iden-tificatorio. La obtención de radiografías post mor-tem (PM) reproduciendo en lo posible las técnicas que han generado las imágenes ante mortem (AM) recuperadas, otorga una eficaz modalidad compa-rativa, aumentando su valor probatorio. Materiales y Métodos: Se efectuó la comparación entre radio-grafías panorámicas y periapicales tomadas a 10 pacientes atendidos en un consultorio particular de la ciudad de Quilmes, Provincia de Buenos Aires, don-de se visualizaban tratamientos de endodoncia. Los registros de ambas técnicas de imágenes se realiza-ron sobre los mismos sujetos entre los años 2010 y 2022. Se cotejaron 11 radiografías periapicales y 10 panorámicas, procediéndose a la digitalización de la totalidad de la muestra. Se clasificaron las imágenes de cada persona conforme a la fecha de obtención de las mismas. A las más antiguas se las catalogó con el color verde, representando el material AM, mien-tras que las más recientes se marcaron en color rojo, constituyendo la información PM. Resultados: Teniendo en cuenta los criterios estipulados por la Junta Americana de Odontología Forense (ABFO) se identificaron positivamente 7 casos estudiados, 2 fueron catalogados como identificación posible, en tanto que 1 se clasificó como insuficiente. No se re-gistraron exclusiones. Conclusión: Los tratamientos endodónticos podrían suministrar información pon-derable en procesos de identificación humana en virtud de la escasa probabilidad de sufrir alteracio-nes morfológicas y estructurales por su estratégica localización intradentaria, otorgando posibilidades concretas de establecer la identidad categórica de sujetos desconocidos (AU)


Introduction: Identification by comparison of dental records represents a scientifically consolidated methodology. The most common strategy lies in the comparison of printed or digitised odontograms, although certain subjectivity has been questioned when recording said information. Imaging resources constitute more reliable and objective evidence, reducing identification bias. Obtaining post-mortem (PM) radiographs reproducing the techniques that have generated the recovered ante-mortem (AM) images, provides an effective comparative modality, increasing its evidentiary value. Materials and Methods: A comparison was made between panoramic and periapical radiographs taken to 10 patients treated in a private office in the city of Quilmes, Province of Buenos Aires, where endodontic treatments were visualized. The records of both imaging techniques were carried out on the same subjects between 2010 and 2022. 11 periapical and 10 panoramic radiographs were collected, and the entire sample was digitized. The images of each person were classified according to the date they were obtained. The oldest ones were cataloged with the color green, representing the AM material, while the most recent ones were marked in red, constituting the PM information. Results: Taking into account the criteria stipulated by the American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO), 7 cases studied were positively identified, 2 were classified as possible identification, while 1 was classified as insufficient. No exclusions were recorded. Conclusion: Endodontic treatments could provide valuable information in human identification processes due to the low probability of suffering morphological and structural alterations due to their strategic intradental location, providing concrete possibilities of establishing the categorical identity of unknown subjects (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Root Canal Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Radiography, Dental/methods , Radiography, Panoramic/methods , Tooth, Nonvital/diagnostic imaging , Societies, Dental/standards , Post and Core Technique/statistics & numerical data
6.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 24: e210105, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1529143

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the utility of panoramic radiographs in pre-prosthetic screening of edentulous arches. Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs taken for three years were retrospectively analyzed. Observations from the radiographs shall be categorized and classified into either of the two categories, namely: 'findings with minimal impact on denture fabrication' and 'findings which affect denture fabrication and require further evaluation.' Anatomic variations, jaw pathologies, and residual ridge resorption patterns were assessed. Results: This study included the initial screening of 23,020 panoramic radiographs, out of which 505 (showing either one or both edentulous arches) were included for the study purpose. The age range of the subjects was from 21 to 94 years. 52.6% of the radiographs showed positive findings. More than half of the radiographs belonged to the males (52.5%). Hyperpneumatization of the maxillary sinus, crestal position of the mental foramen, and retained root fragments were the most common entities noted in the radiographs. Changes in the mental foramen were significantly higher in males than females (p=0.002). Conclusion: Observations from this study showed that panoramic radiographs have high utility for screening edentulous arches, and they should be used in routine clinical practice before denture fabrication.


Subject(s)
Radiography, Panoramic/instrumentation , Mass Screening , Dental Prosthesis , Jaw/diagnostic imaging , Chi-Square Distribution , Retrospective Studies
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569993

ABSTRACT

Introducción: A pesar de su trascendencia, algunos hechos, apenas conocidos en la actualidad, favorecieron el crecimiento de la radiología en Cuba. La documentación sobre ellos es sumamente escasa y se encuentra muy dispersa, lo que dificulta sobremanera el acceso a ella. El rescate de esa información contribuye al conocimiento de la historia de la radiología en Cuba. Objetivo: Identificar cronológicamente hechos significativos, aunque poco conocidos, que influyeron en el progreso y reconocimiento de la radiología cubana y que obligan a reevaluar su historia. Métodos: Se utilizaron los métodos analítico-sintético, deductivo-inductivo, así como los submétodos cronológico y geográfico. Resultados: Fueron recogidos ―con una caracterización sintética― quince sucesos notables, poco conocidos, más algunos apuntes sobre la docencia de la radiología en estomatología. Conclusiones: Entre los hechos identificados destacan los que deben ser considerados como los primeros acercamientos a los rayos X en Cuba, que obligan a reescribir lo actualmente aceptado a ese respecto. Además de los revisados aquí, otros eventos significativos en la edificación de la historia de la radiología en Cuba deben ser abordados en futuras investigaciones.


Introduction: Despite their significance, some facts, barely known today, favored the growth of radiology in Cuba. The documentation about them is extremely scarce and is widely dispersed, which makes access to it extremely difficult. The rescue of this information contributes to the knowledge of the history of radiology in Cuba. Objective: To chronologically identify significant events, although little-known, that influenced the progress and recognition of Cuban radiology and that force us to reevaluate its history. Methods: Analytical-synthetic, deductive-inductive methods were used, as well as chronological and geographical sub-methods. Results: Fifteen notable, little-known events―with a synthetic characterization―were collected, plus some notes on the teaching of radiology in stomatology. Conclusions: Among the facts identified are those that should be considered the first approaches to X-rays in Cuba which force us to rewrite what is currently accepted in this regard. In addition to those reviewed here, other significant events in the construction of the history of radiology in Cuba should be studied in future research.

8.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1024457

ABSTRACT

Objective To observe the value of SimGrid(SG)and S-Enhance(SE)for improving image quality of low-dose X-ray films in children.Methods Data of 344 children in intensive care unit who underwent 410 times bedside X-ray examinations,including 290 times of chest X-ray,51 of abdominal X-ray and 69 of chest and abdominal combined X-ray were enrolled.SG and SE were respectively used for post-processing,and the quality of post-processed images were analyzed.Results Among 410 SG post-processing images,250 images were classified as 2-point,147 as 1-point and 13 as 0-point.SG could significantly improve image quality of children≥1 year and body mass≥10 kg(all P<0.05),with better ability for displaying bones,trachea,peripheral blood vessels,foreign objects,psoas major muscle and intestinal gas(all P<0.05).Among 410 SE post-processing images,250 images were classified as 2-point,58 as 1-point and 102 of 0-point.SE could significantly improve image quality of children≥0.5 years and with body mass>4 kg(all P<0.05),with better ability for displaying bones,trachea,large blood vessels,peripheral vessels,heart posterior blood vessels and foreign objects(all P<0.05).Conclusion SG could significantly improve displaying of bones,trachea,peripheral blood vessels,foreign objects,psoas major muscle and intestinal gas in children≥1 year and body mass≥10 kg,while SE could improve displaying of bones,trachea,large blood vessels,peripheral blood vessels,heart posterior blood vessels and foreign objects in children aged≥0.5 years and body mass>4 kg on low-dose X-ray films.

9.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 52(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521990

ABSTRACT

En Cuba, el primer departamento de rayos X se inauguró en el año 1907 por Francisco Domínguez Roldán. Poco se divulga un contacto previo durante el siglo XIX, en la guerra hispano-norteamericana. Este artículo describe el uso de los rayos X en la guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana y su importancia en la historia de la Radiología. Para esta contienda, la parte norteamericana preparó sus barcos hospitales. El ejército habilitó el Relief y el Missouri, mientras que la marina lo hizo con Solace. También se convirtieron en buques hospitales el Olivette y el Bay State. Todos contaban con equipos de rayos X. El capitán Borden publicó un libro en 1900 "El uso de los rayos Roentgen por el departamento médico de la armada estadounidense en la guerra con España (1898)" que marcó un antes y un después en el uso de los rayos X. Este fue un hecho trascendental para la historia de la Radiología y favoreció un avance considerable en la sanidad militar y civil.


In Cuba, the first X-ray department was set up in 1907 by Francisco Domínguez Roldán. Little is reported about a previous contact during the 19th century in the Spanish-Cuban-American war. This article describes the use of X-rays in the Spanish-Cuban-American war and its importance in the history of Radiology. For this war the American side prepared its hospital ships. The Army fitted out the Relief and the Missouri, while the Navy did it with the Solace. The Olivette and the Bay State also became hospital ships. All were equipped with X-ray equipment. Captain Borden published a book in 1900 "The Use of Roentgen Rays by the Medical Department of the U.S. Navy in the War with Spain (1898)" which marked a before and after in the use of X-rays. This was a transcendental fact for the history of Radiology and favored a considerable advance in military and civilian health.

10.
Braz. dent. j ; Braz. dent. j;34(1): 39-44, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1420574

ABSTRACT

Abstract The study aimed to assess the influence of excessive use of a photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) on the density, image noise, and contrast of radiographs. For that, radiographs of an acrylic block were acquired with a PSP of the Express intraoral system to assess the density and image noise. Initially, five images were obtained and exported (first group). After 400 exposures to X-rays and scannings of PSP, other five images were obtained and exported (second group). The same procedure was done after 800 (third group), 1200 (fourth group), 1600 (fifth group), and 2000 acquisitions (sixth group), resulting in 30 images to be evaluated. The mean and standard deviation of the gray values were calculated for the images using the ImageJ software. For contrast analysis, radiographs of an aluminum step-wedge were acquired with a new PSP following the same acquisition intervals. The percentage of contrast variation was calculated. Another two unused PSP receptors were employed to evaluate the method's reproducibility. The comparison of the results among the acquisition groups was performed with one-way Analysis of Variance (α=0.05). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) assessed the reproducibility of the receptors. Image noise did not differ among the groups (p>0.05). There was a slight increase in density after 400 acquisitions and a slight difference in contrast for all acquisition groups without a pattern of increase or decrease (p<0.05). ICC showed excellent reliability for the methods. Therefore, excessive PSP use slightly affected the radiograph's density and contrast.


Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do uso excessivo de uma placa de fósforo fotoestimulável (PSP) na densidade, ruído e contraste das radiografias. Foram adquiridas radiografias de um bloco de acrílico com uma PSP do sistema intraoral Express para avaliar a densidade e o ruído da imagem. Inicialmente, cinco imagens foram obtidas e exportadas (primeiro grupo). Após 400 exposições aos raios X e escaneamentos, outras cinco imagens foram obtidas e exportadas (segundo grupo). O mesmo procedimento foi feito após 800 (terceiro grupo), 1200 (quarto grupo), 1600 (quinto grupo) e 2000 aquisições (sexto grupo), resultando em 30 imagens a serem avaliadas. A média e o desvio padrão dos valores de cinza foram calculados para as imagens usando o software ImageJ. Para análise de contraste, foram adquiridas radiografias de uma escala de alumínio com uma nova PSP seguindo os mesmos intervalos de aquisição. A porcentagem de variação do contraste foi calculada. Outras duas PSP sem uso prévio foram utilizadas para avaliar a reprodutibilidade dos métodos. A comparação dos resultados entre os grupos de aquisição foi realizada pela Análise de Variância one-way (α=0,05). O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) avaliou a reprodutibilidade dos receptores. O ruído da imagem não diferiu entre os grupos (p>0,05). Houve um leve aumento na densidade após 400 aquisições e uma pequena diferença no contraste para todos os grupos de aquisição sem padrão de aumento ou diminuição (p<0,05). O ICC mostrou excelente confiabilidade para os métodos. Portanto, o uso excessivo da PSP afetou levemente a densidade e o contraste radiográfico.

11.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-991756

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the cause of misdiagnosis of neck, shoulder, waist, and leg pain caused by bone metastases and to improve the outpatient diagnosis rate.Methods:Five misdiagnosed cases of bone metastases who were admitted to the Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University from January 2019 to July 2020 were included in this study. Their clinical manifestations, diagnosis results (outside hospital diagnosis and outpatient diagnosis), and imaging manifestations were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Five cases of bone metastases were misdiagnosed to have cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, femoral head necrosis, femoral shaft fracture, and ankle sprain. Accelerated red blood cell sedimentation rate and increased C-reactive protein level were found in all five cases. Bone metastases were confirmed by X-ray, CT, and MRI examination results. All of them had warning signs for bone metastasis: age > 50 years, history of a tumor, unexplained weight loss, general malaise, neck, shoulder, waist, and leg pain without an obvious cause, sudden worsening of pain, night pain, resting pain, pain on direct palpation, no obvious improvements in these symptoms after symptomatic treatment for 1 month, disease development not conforming to the general law of cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, femoral head necrosis, femoral shaft fracture, and ankle sprain, increases in red blood cell sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and alkaline phosphatase levels, which are not consistent with the symptoms of cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, femoral head necrosis, femoral shaft fracture, and ankle sprain, and slight external force leading to fractures.Conclusion:Further tests and imaging examinations should be performed according to warning signs. Clinical schemes of malignant bone tumors suitable for general practitioners can easily, economically, and effectively identify malignant bone tumors.

12.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-993125

ABSTRACT

Objective:To identify the method to reduce X-ray exposure during ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing the cryoballoon (CRYO) ablation and remote magnetic navigation (RMN) ablation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 144 patients undergoing CRYO ablation (CRYO group) and 121 patients undergoing RMN ablation (RMN group) in our hospital. Entrance surface doses at reference points online, exposure time during procedure and outcomes were analyzed for different types of patients.Results:Compared with the RMN group, the procedure time for the CRYO group significantly decreased [(165.0±23.6), (97.8±18.4) min, t=26.05, P<0.001]. However, the entrance surface dose value [(232.3±130.7), (669.0±387.5) mGy, Z=-12.29, P<0.001] and X-ray exposure time [(8.1±3.1), (23.4±6.2) min, t=-24.57, P<0.001] increased significantly for the CRYO group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the proportion of maintaining sinus rhythm during follow-up of patients (71.9%, 75.7%, P=0.618). Multiple regression analysis showed that obese patients, patients with non-paroxysmal AF and patients with variant pulmonary veins were associated with an increase in entrance surface dose values in the CRYO group ( t=5.47, 2.23, 3.39, P<0.05). The X-ray exposure time for the three types patients above in the CRYO group also increased ( t=2.87, 3.86, 3.25, P<0.05) in the CRYO group. However, only obese patients in the RMN group had an increase in entrance surface dose value ( Z=-4.15, P<0.001) and no increase in exposure time. For the three types of patients above, there was no significant difference in proportion of maintaining sinus rhythm between the CRYO group and the RMN group during follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with RMN ablation, the radiation exposure of CRYO AF ablation significantly increased, especially in obese patients, patients with non-paroxysmal AF and patients with pulmonary veins variation. The use of RMN for these types of patients may reduce the radiation exposure without affecting the procedure outcomes.

13.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981714

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To determine whether C7 angles (C7 slope, C7S) could replace T1 angles (T1 slope, T1S) by correlation analysis of T1S and C7S.@*METHODS@#A total of 442 patients from July 2015 to July 2020 in outpatient and inpatient department were enrolled retrospectively, and 259 patients who could identify the upper endplate of T1 were screened out . Of them, there were 145 males and 114 females, aged from 20 to 83 years old with an average of (58.6±11.2) years, including 163 patients with cervical spine surgery and 96 non-surgical patients. Patients were stratified by sex, age, cervical kyphosis, cervical alignment imbalance, and cervical spine surgery. These 259 patients included 145 cases in the male group, 114 cases in the female group;76 cases in the youth group (<40 years old), 109 cases in the middle-aged group (40 to 60 years old), and 74 cases in the elderly group(>60 years old); 92 cases in the cervical kyphosis group, 167 cases in the non-kyphosis group;51 cases in the cervical sequence imbalance group, 208 cases in the non-imbalance group;163 cases in the cervical surgery group, 96 cases in the non-operation group. The correlations of C7S and T1S in various modalities groups were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of 442 patients, the recognition rate of upper endplate of T1 was 58.6%(259/442), and that of C7 was 90.7%. The mean T1S and C7S of the 259 patients were (24.5±8.0)° [(25.9±7.7)° in the male group and (23.7±6.9)° in the female group] and (20.8±7.3)° [(22.5±7.5)° in the male group and(19.7±5.8)° in the female group], respectively. The total correlation coefficient between C7S and T1S was r=0.89, R2=0.79, and the linear regression equation was T1S=0.91×C7S+4.35. In the above general information and the grouping of deformity factors, T1S was highly correlated with C7S(r value 0.85 to 0.92, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is a high correlation between T1S and C7S in different factor groups. For cases where T1S cannot be measured, C7S can be used to provide guidance and reference for evaluating the sagittal balance of the spine, analyzing the condition, and formulating surgical plans.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Young Adult , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Lordosis/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Kyphosis/surgery , Neck
14.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; Rev. chil. enferm. respir;38(4): 246-252, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441386

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares (MAVP) consisten en comunicaciones directas entre el sistema arterial y el sistema venoso pulmonar, sin paso de la sangre por el lecho capilar, produciéndose un cortocircuito de derecha a izquierda extracardíaco, pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Algunos casos pueden ser asintomáticos, en cambio en otros pueden ocasionar diversas manifestaciones clínicas y se pueden asociar a complicaciones severas. En niños se observa una baja incidencia y son más frecuentes las formas congénitas. La MAVP se debe sospechar por las manifestaciones clínicas y las imágenes de la radiografía de tórax (RxTx) y su confirmación se realiza mediante una AngioTomografía Computada (TC) de tórax. La embolización endovascular es actualmente el tratamiento de elección, con excelentes resultados, aunque requiere de un seguimiento posterior y de un operador experimentado. Reportamos el caso de una niña que ingresó con clínica muy sugerente, incluyendo: disnea, acropaquia, cianosis periférica, e hipoxemia refractaria. Sin embargo, inicialmente el cuadro clínico fue confundido con una crisis asmática. La Angio-TC de tórax confirmó el diagnóstico y el tratamiento mediante embolización endovascular resultó exitoso.


Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are communications between the arterial and the pulmonary venous system, without passage of blood through the capillary bed, causing a left to right extracardiac shunt. Some cases may be asymptomatic, while others may cause various clinical manifestations and may be associated with severe complications. In children a low incidence is observed, and congenital forms are more frequent. PAVM should be suspected by clinical manifestations and chest x-ray imaging and confirmed by chest Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Endovascular embolization is currently the treatment of choice, with excellent results, although it requires subsequent follow-up. We report a patient who was admitted with a very suggestive clinical history, including: dyspnea, clubbing, peripheral cyanosis, and severe hypoxemia, refractory to oxygen therapy. However, initially the clinical picture was confounded with an asthmatic crisis. CTA confirmed the diagnosis and treatment by endovascular embolization was successful.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Veins/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Pulmonary Veins/abnormalities , Radiography, Thoracic , Embolization, Therapeutic , Computed Tomography Angiography , Oxygen Saturation , Hypoxia
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);68(10): 1423-1427, Oct. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406572

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of hip osteoarthritis and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil-monocyte ratio. METHODS: Participants with hip osteoarthritis and healthy controls aged 45-75 years were recruited in the study. The participants with hip osteoarthritis were divided into two groups: mild/moderate hip osteoarthritis and severe hip osteoarthritis. Complete blood parameters of the participants were recorded, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-monocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were calculated. Pain severity was evaluated using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: A total of 76 participants with hip osteoarthritis and 59 healthy controls were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 57.6±6.11 years. Mean neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-monocyte ratio values were statistically significantly different between the hip osteoarthritis group and healthy control group (p<0.05). Platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values were not significantly different between the groups. Also, there was no difference between all inflammatory parameters and hip osteoarthritis severity (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-monocyte ratio values were higher in patients with hip osteoarthritis than in healthy controls. Mean platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values did not change according to the presence of hip osteoarthritis. Not all hematological indices give valuable information regarding the severity of hip osteoarthritis.

16.
Odovtos (En línea) ; 24(2)ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386591

ABSTRACT

Resumen En las últimas dos décadas ha aumentado el uso de equipos portátiles de rayos X intraorales, los cuales son estabilizados por el operador. Si bien todos los equipos radiográficos presentan un riesgo inherente por el uso de radiación ionizante, el uso indebido de los equipos portátiles puede aumentar la exposición del operador. Se recomienda el uso de los equipos portátiles en un trípode o activados desde un área protegida. Sin embargo, en casos altamente justificados para su uso sin estos aditamentos, se debe seguir recomendaciones para disminuir la exposición del operador. Debido a que la radioprotección es fundamental al trabajar con rayos X, se debe favorecer el uso de equipos radiográficos dentales fijos sobre los equipos portátiles, ya que estos proporcionan una menor dosis de radiación al operador.


Abstract In the last two decades, the use of portable intraoral X-ray devices, stabilized by the operator, has increased. While all radiographic devices present an inherent risk from ionizing radiation, improper use of portable devices can increase operator exposure. Use of portable devices on a tripod or powered from a protected area is recommended. However, in highly justified cases, for using without these accessories, recommendations should be followed to reduce operator exposure. Because radioprotection is essential when using X-rays, fixed dental radiographic devices should be favored over portable equipment since the first provides a lower radiation dose to the operator.


Subject(s)
Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radiography, Dental , Mobile Applications
17.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218673

ABSTRACT

The X-ray tube is one of the most important components in any X-ray system. In the beginning, physicists and physicians used gas ion tubes. The so-called Coolidge tube applied a high vacuum and is still used today. Medical examinations have required continuously improved designs of X-ray tubes (smaller focal spots at a higher output). The principle of the Goetze line focus is still applied in any diagnostic X-ray tube. Different anode materials and the rotating anode contributed to an increased output and reduced exposure time. Bearings needed special attention. Spiral groove bearings are the most advanced design today. The heat storage capacity of the anode and the tube housing assembly influences examination time and patient throughput. Cardiac imaging required less motion blurring in cine film images and increasing radiation exposure in interventional procedures called for measures to reduce dose. Protection against radiation and electric shock has always been a concern of design engineers. Focal spot sizes dedicated to specific applications and heat management within the total tube housing assembly will be future issues. Even with the event of ultrasound and MR technology, X-ray procedures will still be applied for diagnostic and interventional purposes.

18.
Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Online) ; 57(4): 546-551, Jul.-Aug. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394874

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The present study aims to understand the perceptions of orthopedists and traumatologists regarding the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation in fluoroscopy procedures. Methods An objective, structured, self-administered questionnaire with sociodemographic, professional, and occupational variables was developed, available through an invitation sent to orthopedist physicians whose contacts were made publicly available. Results A total of 141 questionnaires were answered and analyzed. Most respondents (99%) use fluoroscopy in their surgeries, and only 34.8% of the participants feel safe with the use of the equipment. It was observed that the knowledge about ionizing radiation is inadequate, because 22.6% of the participants are unaware of the type of radiation emitted in fluoroscopy and its biological effects. In addition, 52% of the participants did not know or do not understand the principles of radiological protection and their relationship with surgical practices. Conclusion We concluded that the radiological protection of most orthopedists in surgical procedures is inadequate, and initial and continued training programs of professionals are necessary, bringing health benefits to orthopedists and their patients.


Resumo Objetivo Este estudo visa compreender as percepções dos médicos ortopedistas e traumatologistas em relação ao risco da exposição à radiação ionizante nos procedimentos de fluoroscopia. Métodos Desenvolveu-se um questionário objetivo, estruturado, autoaplicável e com variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais e ocupacionais, disponibilizado através de convite enviado a médicos ortopedistas cujos contatos estavam disponibilizados publicamente. Resultados Foram respondidos e analisados 141 questionários. A maioria dos respondentes (99%) utilizam a fluoroscopia em suas cirurgias, e apenas 34,8% dos participantes se sentem seguros com o uso do equipamento. Observou-se que o conhecimento sobre radiação ionizante é inadequado, pois 22,6% dos respondentes desconhecem o tipo de radiação emitida na fluoroscopia e seus efeitos biológicos. Além disso, 52% dos respondentes não conhecem ou não compreendem os princípios de proteção radiológica e suas relações com as práticas cirúrgicas. Conclusão Conclui-se que a proteção radiológica da maioria dos ortopedistas nos procedimentos cirúrgicos é inadequada e são necessários programas de formação inicial e continuada dos profissionais, trazendo benefícios para a saúde dos ortopedistas e de seus pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiation, Ionizing , X-Rays , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Assessment , Radiation Exposure
19.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; Rev. chil. enferm. respir;38(2): 96-105, jun. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407775

ABSTRACT

Resumen En la práctica clínica, la radiografía de tórax permite confirmar el diagnóstico y la extensión de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). Objetivos: Examinar las características radiográficas de la NAC según el agente causal y el grado de concordancia interobservador (CI) en la descripción de los hallazgos radiográficos. Métodos: Se evaluaron las radiografías de tórax de 300 pacientes adultos inmunocompetentes hospitalizados por NAC, tres residentes de radiología consignaron el patrón de los infiltrados pulmonares, su localización anatómica y extensión, la presencia de derrame pleural y otros hallazgos radiográficos. Se realizaron cultivos de esputo, hemocultivos, pruebas serológicas y técnicas de biología molecular de hisopado nasofaríngeo para identificar los principales patógenos respiratorios. Resultados: Las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax fueron similares en las neumonías causadas por diferentes patógenos respiratorios: bacterias clásicas, virus respiratorios y microorganismos atípicos. En las neumonías bacterianas predominó el patrón de relleno alveolar de distribución lobar, en las neumonías vírales y atípicas predominó el patrón intersticial o mixto alvéolo-intersticial con opacidades en vidrio esmerilado. La CI fue satisfactoria (kappa > 0,6) para determinar el patrón principal de los infiltrados pulmonares, su localización anatómica y la presencia de derrame pleural, su localización y extensión. La CI fue moderada (kappa 0,4-0,6) para definir la extensión de la neumonía y detectar signos radiológicos asociados a congestión pulmonar. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax no permitieron identificar con precisión el agente causal de la neumonía, siendo útil en la caracterización de los infiltrados pulmonares y para detectar complicaciones como el derrame paraneumónico.


In a clinical setting the chest radiograph is the reference standard in establishing the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: This study aimed to assess interobserver reliability (IR) of radiographic findings and the relationship to different respiratory pathogens in CAP. Methods: Chest radiographs of 300 immunocompetent adult patients hospitalized with pneumonia, obtained from a database, were reviewed by three residents of radiology without specific clinical information. Main pattern of pulmonary infiltrates, topographic localization, extent of pneumonia, presence of pleural fluid, thickened bronchial walls, lymphadenopathy and air bronchogram were scored. Sputum and blood cultures, serological tests and nasopharyngeal swab for respiratory virus detection by molecular diagnostic techniques were performed to identify the causative pathogen. Results: Clinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings were similar in pneumonias caused by different respiratory pathogens: classic bacteria, respiratory viruses and atypical microorganisms. The alveolar pattern of lobar distribution predominated in bacterial pneumonia; meanwhile, interstitial or mixed alveolar-interstitial pattern with ground glass opacities predominated in viral and atypical pneumonias. IR was fair to good (kappa > 0.6) for determining the main pattern of infiltrates, anatomical location and the presence of pleural effusion, their anatomical location and extension. IR was moderate (kappa 0.4-0.6) for determining the extent of pneumonia and signs of congestive heart failure. Conclusion: Simple features such as main pattern description, anatomical location, identifying the involved lobes and pleural fluid recognition showed fair to excellent interobserver reliability. Chest radiographs was of limited value in predicting the causative pathogen but were of beneficial use to characterize pulmonary infiltrates and to detect complications such as parapneumonic effusion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Community-Acquired Infections/etiology , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnostic imaging , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Viruses/isolation & purification , Radiography, Thoracic , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/virology , Immunocompetence
20.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218651

ABSTRACT

Digital radiography (DR) is an advanced form of x-ray inspection which produces a digital radiographic image instantly on a computer. This technique uses x-ray sensitive plates to capture data during object examination, which is immediately transferred to a computer without the use of an intermediate cassette. The incident x-ray radiation is converted into an equivalent electric charge and then to a digital image through a detector sensor. Compared to other imaging devices, flat panel detectors, also known as digital detector arrays (DDAs) provide high quality digital images. They can have better signal-to-noise ratio and improved dynamic range, which, in turn, provides high sensitivity for radiographic applications. Flat panel detectors work on two different approaches, namely, indirect conversion and direct conversion. Indirect conversion flat panel detectors have a scintillator layer which converts x-ray photons to photons of visible light and utilise a photo diode matrix of amorphous silicon to subsequently convert the light photons into an electrical charge. This charge is proportional to the number and energy of x-ray photons interacting with the detector pixel and therefore the amount and density of material that has absorbed the x-rays. Direct conversion flat panel detectors use a photo conductor like amorphous selenium (a-Se) or Cadmium telluride (Cd-Te) on a multi-micro electrode plate, providing the greatest sharpness and resolution. The information on both types of detectors is read by thin film transistors. In the direct conversion process, when x-ray photons impact over the photo conductor, like amorphous Selenium, they are directly converted to electronic signals which are amplified and digitised. As there is no scintillator, lateral spread of light photons is absent here, ensuring a sharper image. This differentiates it from indirect construction.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL