ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of hospitalized patients with retinoblastoma in Brazil. Methods: Using data from the Hospital Cancer Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer, patients with the morphological codes of retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between 2000 to 2018, aged 0-19 years, and followed up in registered hospitals (analytical cases) were selected. The relative and absolute frequencies of demographic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome variables were described. Hospital performance indicators were calculated and compared between hospitals qualified and not qualified to treat pediatric oncology cases and between hospitals with different case volumes (<20, 20-75, >75 cases). Results: Of the 2,269 identified analytical cases from 86 institutions, 48% were from the Southeast, 54% were male, and 66% were aged <4 years. The proportion of missing data (NA) was too high for several variables. Approximately 84% of the patients were from the public health system, 40% had a positive family history, and 88% had unilateral involvement. The first treatment included surgery in 58.3% of the patients (NA=2), Approximately 36.6% of these patients achieved complete remission, 10.8% achieved partial remission, and 12.7% died (NA=59%). Hospital performance indicators were within the target in >90% of the patients. The median time between the first appointment and diagnosis (6 days, interquartile range [IQR] 1-14) was significantly lower and the median time to death was longer (343 days, IQR, 212-539) in high-volume hospitals (>75 cases) than in medium- and low-volume hospitals. Conclusions: Despite the high proportion of missing data, we found that the delay in diagnosis is due to prehospital factors. Additionally, there is a need for educational programs for healthcare professionals and families that emphasize early identification and referral to specialized centers. Future studies should focus on the impact of Hospital Cancer Registry data completeness on outcomes, causes of delay in diagnosis, regional inequalities, and barriers to accessing specialized services.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). Conclusions: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.
RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a associação entre vitimização por bullying e comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes. Métodos: Uma amostra representativa de 1.020 adolescentes participou do estudo. As variáveis bullying, comportamentos de risco à saúde (tabaco, drogas, álcool, comportamento sedentário, uso de smartphone, nível de atividade física, sono) e situação econômica foram avaliadas por meio de questionários autorreportados. Razões de chance com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidas por meio de regressão logística binária e regressão logística ordinal, bruta e ajustada (p<0,05). Resultados: As vítimas de bullying apresentaram maior probabilidade de fumar (OR 1,75; IC95% 1,28-2,40), consumir álcool (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,05-1,94), ter pior qualidade de sono (OR 1,94; IC95% 1,28-2,91) e apresentar mais comportamento sedentário (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,08-1,89) do que aqueles que não sofreram bullying. No entanto, as vítimas eram mais propensas a ter níveis elevados de atividade física do que os seus pares não vítimas de bullying (OR 1,66; IC95% 1,22-2,27). Conclusões: A vitimização por bullying esteve associada ao aumento da predisposição para a adoção de comportamentos de risco à saúde. Curiosamente, as vítimas também eram mais propensas a participar de atividades físicas.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the implications of social contingency measures and interruption of outpatient follow-up on weight gain in children and adolescents with a previous diagnosis of obesity. Methods: This is an observational study with data from electronic medical records of children and adolescents followed up at a specialized outpatient clinic from 2019 to 2023. Weight gain, height, BMI variation, BMI z-score, laboratory tests, and associated comorbidities were analyzed. The data were computed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: There was a weight gain of approximately 17.66% in the total set of participants, corresponding to a median increase of 14 kg. When analyzing between genders, we observed an approximate increase of 21.38% in body weight for men, while for women, it was 21.45%. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant weight gain among previously obese children and adolescents in follow-up at a specialized outpatient clinic.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as implicações das medidas de contingenciamento social e interrupção do acompanhamento ambulatorial sobre o ganho de peso de crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico prévio de obesidade. Métodos: Estudo observacional com dados proveniente de prontuários eletrônicos de crianças e adolescentes acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Obesidade na Criança e no Adolescente do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, no período de 2019 a 2023. Analisaram-se ganho ponderal, altura, variação do índice de massa corporal (IMC), escore Z de IMC, exames laboratoriais e comorbidade associadas. Os dados foram computados e analisados pelo programa StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados: Constatou-se aumento ponderal de aproximadamente 17,6% no conjunto total de participantes, correspondendo ao acréscimo mediano de 14 kg. Ao analisarmos os gêneros, observamos elevação aproximada de 21,38% no peso corporal do sexo masculino, enquanto a do sexo feminino foi de 21,4%. Conclusões: A pandemia de COVID-19 levou a ganho peso significante entre crianças e adolescentes previamente obesos, que estavam em seguimento em ambulatório especializado.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El etiquetado nutricional constituye una herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones alimentarias informadas. El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento sobre etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos envasados de la merienda escolar en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de una institución educativa de Asunción durante 2023. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo que incluyó 69 estudiantes (edad media 13±0,73 años). Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado para evaluar conocimientos sobre etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos. Resultados: El 88,4% identificó correctamente la información calórica, mientras que solo 40,6% reconoció la información sobre fibra. El 81,2% identificó el rotulado de exceso de azúcares. El 66,7% adquiere sus meriendas en la cantina escolar, con predominio de consumo diario de jugos envasados (31,9%) y alimentos sin etiquetado nutricional (37,7%). Conclusión: Los adolescentes demuestran conocimiento del etiquetado nutricional, particularmente sobre calorías y azúcares, aunque este conocimiento no necesariamente influye en sus elecciones alimentarias.
Introduction: Nutrition labeling constitutes a fundamental tool for informed dietary decision making. The objective was to assess the knowledge of nutritional labeling and labeling of packaged foods for school snacks among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from an educational institution in Asuncion during 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that included 69 students (mean age 13±0.73 years). A structured questionnaire was applied to assess knowledge of nutritional labeling and food selection patterns. Results: 88.4% correctly identified caloric information, while only 40.6% recognized fiber information. 81.2% identified the labeling of excess sugars. A total of 66.7% acquired their snacks at the school canteen, with a predominance of daily consumption of packaged juices (31.9%) and foods without nutritional labeling (37.7%). Conclusion: Adolescents demonstrate knowledge of nutrition labeling, particularly on calories and sugars, although this knowledge does not necessarily influence their food choices.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El acceso a métodos anticonceptivos modernos constituye un determinante clave en la salud sexual y reproductiva, particularmente en regiones con desigualdades socioeconómicas. En Argentina, diversas políticas públicas han buscado garantizar este acceso, especialmente en las regiones del Norte del país. Objetivo: Analizar las variaciones en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos entre mujeres de 15-49 años en Argentina, con énfasis en las regiones NOA y NEA durante 2011-2012 y 2019-2020, examinando su distribución según estratos socioeconómicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal descriptivo. Se analizaron datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Indicadores Múltiples por Conglomerados (MICS) 2011-2012 (n=20844) y 2019-2020 (n=11763). Se realizó análisis comparativo de prevalencias con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se observó un incremento significativo en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos en Argentina (57,69% a 61,33%) y NOA (43,78% a 57,46%) entre 2011-2012 y 2019-2020. Los implantes subdérmicos mostraron el mayor aumento en adolescentes del NOA (0% a 35,24%) y NEA (0% a 32,59%). En los quintiles más pobres, el uso de anticonceptivos aumentó significativamente, especialmente en el NEA (31,04% a 52,30%). Conclusión: El incremento en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos modernos, particularmente en poblaciones vulnerables del Norte argentino, sugiere un impacto positivo de las políticas públicas implementadas, especialmente del Plan ENIA, en la mejora del acceso a la anticoncepción.
Introduction : Access to modern contraceptive methods constitutes a key determinant in sexual and reproductive health, particularly in regions with socioeconomic inequalities. In Argentina, several public policies have sought to guarantee this access, especially in the northern regions of the country. Objective : To analyze variations in the use of contraceptive methods among women aged 15-49 years in Argentina, with emphasis on the NOA and NEA regions during 2011-2012 and 2019-2020, examining their distribution according to socioeconomic strata. Materials and methods : Quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study. Data from the National Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) 2011-2012 (n=20844) and 2019-2020 (n=11763) were analyzed. Comparative prevalence analysis was performed with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A significant increase in the use of contraceptive methods was observed in Argentina (57.69% to 61.33%) and NOA (43.78% to 57.46%) between 2011-2012 and 2019-2020. Subdermal implants showed the greatest increase in adolescents in the NOA (0% to 35.24%) and NEA (0% to 32.59%). In the poorest quintiles, contraceptive use increased significantly, especially in the NEA (31.04% to 52.30%). Conclusion : The increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods, particularly in vulnerable populations of Northern Argentina, suggests a positive impact of the implemented public policies, especially the ENIA Plan, in improving access to contraception.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Este estudo pesquisou 27 adolescentes do sexo masculino em regime socioeducativo no Centro de Atendimento Intensivo Belford Roxo. É um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com proposta metodológica de estudo de caso. Na obtenção de dados, foram aplicados questionários que consistiram em obter respostas sobre i) dados sociodemográficos, ii) triagem do envolvimento com fumo, álcool e outras drogas, iii) Inventário Beck de depressão e iv) ideação suicida de Beck. O grupo pesquisado era composto de 16,48 anos como média de idade; percentual de 92,6% de cor parda ou preta; 70,37% tinham frequentado entre a 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental I e a 9ª série do Ensino Fundamental II; 44,44% faziam uso de bebidas alcoólicas diuturnamente; 40,74% apresentaram sintomas depressivos; 25,92% apresentaram histórico de ideação suicida, e 11,11% já tinham tentado suicídio. Os pesquisados com problemas de uso de substâncias psicoativas enfrentam um alto risco simultâneo de saúde mental, agravante que pode incorrer em situação de vida mais difícil com problemas sociais difusos, um quadro de saúde precário, prognosticando adversidades gerais. Dessa forma, é alarmante a situação desses adolescentes, que é uma amostra do submundo periférico das cidades, denotando a urgência de ações de saúde pública e do Estado.
ABSTRACT This study investigated 27 male adolescents in socio-educational care at the Belford Roxo Intensive Care Center. It is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach and a case study methodological proposal. To obtain data, questionnaires were applied that consisted of obtaining answers about i) sociodemographic data, ii) screening for involvement with smoking, alcohol and other drugs, iii) Beck Depression Inventory and iv) Beck suicidal ideation. The group studied was composed of 16.48 years old as a mean; 92.6% were brown or black; 70.37% had attended between the 5th grade of Elementary School I and the 9th grade of Elementary School II; 44.44% consumed alcoholic beverages daily; 40.74% presented depressive symptoms; 25.92% had a history of suicidal ideation, and 11.11% had already attempted suicide. Those surveyed with substance use problems face a high simultaneous risk of mental health problems, an aggravating factor that can result in a more difficult life situation with diffuse social problems, a precarious health status, and a prediction of general adversity. Thus, the situation of these adolescents, who are a sample of the peripheral underworld of cities, is alarming, indicating the urgency of public health and state actions.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The evidence on the relationships between aggression and empathy is unclear in the literature. A recent meta- analysis indicated that associations are limited, while repeated research in recent years has reported both positive and negative correlations. This systematic review seeks to establish the current evidence on different studies that have been conducted on the relationships between proactive and reactive aggressive behavior and empathy, from the cognitive and affective subdomains, in adolescents, youth and young adults. Method: Systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: 8 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described and discrepancies between the associations of the two variables addressed are reported. Conclusion: there seems to be a certain degree of acceptance of the inhibitory role of empathy against aggression, particularly that of affective empathy. No conclusive results were found for cognitive empathy with the different types of aggression.
Resumen La evidencia sobre las relaciones entre la agresión y la empatía no están claras en la literatura. Un metaanálisis reciente indicó que las asociaciones son limitadas, mientras que reiteradas investigaciones de los últimos años han reportado correlaciones positivas y negativas. Esta revisión sistemática busca establecer la evidencia actual sobre diferentes estudios que se han llevado a cabo sobre las relaciones entre la conducta agresiva de tipo proactivo y reactivo y la empatía, desde los subdominios cognitivo y afectivo, en adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos jóvenes. Método: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: se encontraron 8 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión descritos y se reportan las discrepancias entre las asociaciones de las dos variables abordadas. Conclusión: parece haber cierto grado aceptación en el papel inhibidor de la empatía frente a la agresión, de manera relevante el de la empatía afectiva. No se encontraron resultados concluyentes de la empatía cognitiva con los diferentes tipos de agresión.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Ante la escasez de investigaciones que traten de manera conjunta el conocimiento, la calidad y la higiene del sueño en el adolescente, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias y las relaciones que existen entre estas variables en función de características sociodemográficas y personales. Método: A través de los instrumentos Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S) y Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr), se midieron las características del sueño de 140 estudiantes (M = 16,75; DE = 0,75). Resultados: El 89,3% de los adolescentes presentaban problemas de sueño, subyacentes de la mejorable higiene del sueño por parte del 62,2% y de un escaso conocimiento general del sueño. El sexo femenino y el alumnado en cursos superiores presentaron mayores problemas para conciliar el sueño, somnolencia y una baja gestión cognitiva-emocional (p < 0,05). La higiene del sueño (β = - 0,344), la edad (β = 0,154) y el autoconcepto (β = -0,349) son los factores que predijeron significativamente (p < 0,05) la calidad del sueño del adolescente. Conclusiones: La adquisición de una adecuada higiene del sueño se vuelve fundamental para mejorar la calidad del descanso y la funcionalidad diurna en adolescentes, destacando su importancia, sobre todo, en niveles académicos avanzados y en el caso específico de las mujeres.
Abstract Objective: Given the scarcity of research addressing the intersection of knowledge, sleep quality, and hygiene among adolescents, the primary objective of this study is to analyse the variations and correlations among these variables based on socio-demographic and personal characteristics. Method: The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), the Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S), the Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr) were used to measure the sleep characteristics of the 140 Spanish students (M = 16,75; SD = 0,75). Results: Sleep problems were found in 89,3% of the adolescents, underlying poor sleep hygiene in 62,2% and poor general sleep knowledge (SBS = 12,04). Females and students in higher grades presented greater problems in falling asleep, sleepiness, and poor cognitive-emotional management (p < 0,05). Sleep hygiene (β = - 0,344), age (β = 0,154), and self-concept (β = -0,349) were the factors that significantly (p < 0,05) predicted adolescent sleep quality. Conclusions: The acquisition of proper sleep hygiene becomes crucial to enhance the quality of rest and daytime functionality in adolescents, emphasizing its significance, especially in advanced academic levels and specifically in the case of females.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective Childhood standing height has been estimated from arm span-related (heightAS) models. The authors aimed to develop and cross-validate a heightAS model in individuals with spina bifida (SB) and examine the accuracy of existing heightAS models. Methods Participants were individuals with sacral and low-lumbar SB (n = 14) and non-SB (n = 83), 7-16 years old. Arm span, age, sex, and group (SB vs. non-SB) were candidate height predictors. Sequential regression and leave-one-out cross-validation approaches were used for the model development (M1) and cross-validation (M1-M5). Existing models were: an SB-specific model from Polfuss et al. (M2) and non-SB specific models from Gauld et al. (M3), Mulu et al. (M4), and Zverev et al. (M5) studies. Results Arm span and group explained 95 % of the variance in height (R2 = 0.95; p < 0.001; SEE = 3.666 cm) and were included in the M1. Mean differences between actual and estimated height were 0.0 cm (M1), 0.4 cm (M2), and 0.5 cm (M5), all not significant (p > 0.05). However, Bland-Altman analysis revealed some variability in the predictability of the models across participants with limits of agreement ranging from 7.4 to 10.9 cm. Considerable errors were observed with M3 (mean diff: −5.58 cm, 95 % CI: −1.6, −20.2 cm), and M4 (mean diff: 10.5 cm, 95 % CI: −13.8, −27.3 cm). Conclusions Models (M1, M2 and M5) may accurately estimate standing height in groups of children with SB. However, due to the wide limits of agreement, caution is recommended when applying these models for individual height estimations.
ABSTRACT
Abstract To evaluate the association between socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a sample of adolescent males from Colegio Técnico San Agustín de Cartago - Ciudad de los Niños (St. Augustine's Technical High School), located in the Cartago Province of Costa Rica. Data for this study were obtained from a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. The sample consisted of 394 adolescent males aged between 12 and 22 years. OHRQoL was assessed using the validated Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). The following variables were considered: age, parental education, having a remunerated job, Health-Related Quality of Life (measured via the SF-36 questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale), perceived stress (PSS-14), depression (CES-D), physical activity, history of dropping out of school, flossing and tooth- brushing habits, eating snacks between meals, medication intake for illness, having received oral health care instructions, history of dental visits due to pain, frequency of dental visits, history of childhood tooth decay, and access to dental health care during childhood. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test, while Pearson correlation was used for quantitative variables. Multivariable analysis was performed using linear regression. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 using STATA 14®. Enhanced general health-related quality of life (p<0.01) and early childhood dental attendance (p<0.01)were identified as factors associated with improved OHRQoL. Conversely, having had dental visits for pain (p<0.01), elevated depression symptomatology (p<0.01), and a history of childhood dental cavities (p<0.01) were all associated with worse OHRQoL. This study suggests a link between general and oral health. Experiences during childhood appear to set a standard for adolescence. Lastly, it is crucial to note the significant impact of mental health on the perception of oral health.
Resumen Evaluar las asociaciones entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general, factores socioeconómicos, psicosociales y de estilo de vida con la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en una muestra de adolescentes varones del Colegio Técnico San Agustín de Cartago - Ciudad de los niños. Para analizar los determinantes de la CVRSO, se utilizaron los datos de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional. La edad de los participantes osciló entre los 12 y 22 años y los datos fueron recolectados durante 2019. El indicador de salud utilizado fue la CVRSO, la cual se aproximó mediante el instrumento OHIP-49 (Oral Health Impact Profile). Las variables independientes utilizadas fueron la edad, el SF-36 (cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general), el PSS-14 (Escala de Estrés Percibido), CES-D (Escala de Depresión), la escala de Rosemberg (Escala de Autoestima), escolaridad de los padres, haber tenido un trabajo remunerado, realizar deporte, toma de medicamentos, haber desertado la escuela en algún momento, visitas al odontólogo regularmente, haber visitado al odontólogo por dolor, haber recibido instrucciones de higiene oral, haber tenido caries durante la infancia, acceso a servicios de salud oral durante la infancia, haber recibido tratamiento por dolor dental, uso del hilo dental, la frecuencia de cepillado y consumo de meriendas entre comidas. Para los análisis bivariados se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas T de Student y la correlación de Pearson. Para los análisis multivariados, se utilizó una regresión lineal ajustando por todas las variables significativas en el análisis bivariado. El umbral de significancia estadística utilizado fue de un 5% (p<0.05). El programa de estadística utilizado fue STATA versión 14®. Una mejor la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general (p<0,01) y haber visitado los servicios odontológicos durante la infancia (p<0,01) se identificaron como factores que influyen positivamente en la CVRSO. Por el contrario, se observó que haber visitado al dentista por dolor (p<0,01), haber reportado sintomatología de depresión (p<0,01) y antecedentes de caries dentales infantiles (p<0,01), contribuyeron a una peor CVRSO. Este estudio sugiere un vínculo intrínseco entre la salud general y bucal. Las experiencias de salud durante la niñez parecen establecer un estándar para la adolescencia. Por último, es fundamental señalar el impacto significativo de la salud mental en la percepción de la salud bucal.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Adolescent headaches significantly impact their daily functioning, academic performance, and quality of life. The occurrence of headaches is influenced by genetics, psychological stressors, and environmental exposures. Understanding these influences is crucial for effective management strategies.AimTo determine the prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors of headaches among school-going adolescents in Benin City, Nigeria. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among secondary school students. Using a structured questionnaire, data on sociodemographics, headache characteristics, triggers, and impacts were collected. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between the presence of headaches and categorical covariates. All analyses used a significance level of p<0.05. Result: Of the 486 respondents 235 (48.4%) were boys and 251 (48.3%) were girls with a M:F ratio of 1:1.07. The mean age of the study participant was 13.7 (+ 1.78) years. The one-year prevalence of headache was 84%. 92 (18.9%) of those reporting headaches met the diagnostic criteria for chronic daily headache. The most common impact of headache was poor concentration (110; 22.6%). Psychological stress (55.3%) and poor sleep (26.1%) were the most commonly reported headache triggers. Conclusion: More than four in five school-going adolescents have headache at one time in the past year. Reading and concentration problems are the most common adverse effect of headache in adolescents. (AU)
Subject(s)
Students , Health StrategiesABSTRACT
Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the profile of childhood headache complaints in a tertiary headache center, verify the differences between children and adolescents, and provide the clinical characteristics that are related to the headaches. Methods: A review of 384 medical records of children aged between 4-12 years old (n=206) and adolescents (n=178) aged >12 to 18 years old. The variables evaluated were reported as percentages, compared between children and adolescents and selected the variables that were related to headaches diagnosis. Results: The majority of the sample were females (60.7%), diagnosis of migraine (70.3%), pulsatile pain (60.2%), episodic attacks (60.2%) and no need for imaging tests associated with the diagnosis (69.3%), which were associated with different clinical characteristics (LR X2(52); p<0.001; Log likelihood = -322.434; Pseud R2 = 0.154). The group of adolescents had a higher proportion of use of antidepressants (29.8%) as prophylactic medication than children, who on the other hand, had a higher prevalence of use of antivertiginous drugs (32%). The abortive medication used was common analgesics (37.8%) and the main outcome after treatment was discharge from the service (32%). Conclusion: The evaluation and the treatment for these patients should take into account the main complaints, considering the particularities of each type of headache and also the age group, in order to identify, treat the disease properly and avoid chronification and continuity in the tertiary service, referring them to less complex services.(AU)
Subject(s)
Age GroupsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To examine the mental health status and related factors in children and adolescents, and to assess age groups and sexes differences in factors influencing mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Chinese children aged 6-18 years from November 2021 to January 2022. Mental health difficulties were accessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with mental health status. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of mental health difficulties was 12.98% (n =1348). Age (OR, 0.909, [95%CI, 0.830-0.996]), sex (OR, 1.424, [95%CI, 1.033-1.963]) and screen time on weekdays ("≥2" h/d vs "< 1" h/d: OR, 2.001, [95%CI, 1.300-3.080]) were related factors for mental health difficulties. For children (year ≤ 12), the strongest related factor for mental health difficulties was screen time on weekdays ("≥ 2" h/d vs "< 1" h/d: OR, 1.821 [95%CI, 1.203-2.755]). The risk of mental health difficulties in females with ≥ 2 h/d screen time on weekends was 3.420 times higher than those with < 1 h/d (OR, 3.420, [95%CI, 1.923-6.081]). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health difficulties among children and adolescents was relatively high. The lower age, female sex and excessive screen time were associated with a higher risk of mental health difficulties. The factors influencing mental health varied by different age groups and sexes. Thus, specific measures for different age groups and sexes should be adopted to mitigate the impact.
ABSTRACT
Se aborda la evidencia actual sobre el uso de redes sociales y sus efectos en la salud mental de los adolescentes, principalmente la depresión, realizando un análisis crítico de la evidencia disponible y haciendo énfasis en hipótesis explicativas o de causalidad, tales como; la vulnerabilidad individual, el modo de uso de las redes sociales y el insomnio. Además, se incluyen potenciales efectos beneficiosos para el desarrollo y bienestar de los adolescentes, levantando la discusión respecto de si el uso de redes sociales esta correctamente consignado como un elemento perjudicial por si mismo, o sólo se está sobre simplificando un fenómeno más complejo y aún incomprendido. Palabras Clave: Uso de redes sociales, salud mental, adolescentes, depresión, riesgos, beneficios.
Is addressed the current evidence on the use of social media and its effects on the mental health of adolescents, mainly depression, performing a critical analysis of the available evidence and emphasizing explanatory or causal hypotheses, such as individual vulnerability, the ways to use social networks and insomnia. In addition, potential beneficial effects for the development and well-being of adolescents are included, seeking to elucidate whether the use of social media is correctly related as a harmful element by itself, or if corresponds to a complex phenomenon being oversimplified and still misunderstood. Keywords: Social media use, mental health, adolescents, depression, risks, benefits.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Depression/psychology , Online Social Networking , Mental Health , Social MediaABSTRACT
El dolor crónico, es una "experiencia, sensorial y emocional desagradable persis- tente o recurrente", modulada por vulnerabilidades que interactúan en forma dinámica. Ob- jetivo: Describir vulnerabilidades de salud mental presentes en una serie de casos de dolor crónico, correlacionando estos hallazgos con la revisión de la literatura. Método: Diseño ob- servacional, descriptivo de una serie retrospectiva de 20 casos entre 8 a 15 años de edad, con dolor crónico músculo esquelético atendidos en el sistema privado y referidos desde reuma- tología a psiquiatría. Resultados: 61% fueron adolescentes y 2-3 mujeres por cada hombre. Se detectaron vulnerabilidades emocionales, comportamentales, familiares y sociales, siendo los Trastornos de Ansiedad la principal comorbilidad, lo que es concordante con la literatura. Discusión: Si bien esta revisión presenta varias limitaciones, la asociación existente entre dolor crónico infanto-juvenil y problemáticas de salud mental, plantea la necesidad de desa- rrollar mayores estudios en la temática, que orienten el abordaje multidisciplinario y atenúen el impacto negativo que éste tiene en el desarrollo.
Chronic pain is a "persistent or recurrent unpleasant sensory and emotional expe- rience" modulated by vulnerabilities that interact dynamically. Objective: To describe mental health vulnerabilities present in a series of chronic pain cases, correlating these findings with the review of the literature. Method: Observational, descriptive design of a retrospective se- ries of 20 cases between 8 and 15 years of age, with chronic musculoskeletal pain treated in the private system and referred from rheumatology to psychiatry. Results: 61% were adoles- cents and 2-3 women for every man. Emotional, behavioral, family and social vulnerabilities were detected, with Anxiety Disorders being the main comorbidity, which is consistent with the literature. Discussion: Although this review has several limitations, the existing association between chronic pain in children and adolescents and mental health problems, raises the need to develop further studies on the subject, that guide the multidisciplinary approach and attenuate the negative impact that this has on development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Mental Health , Chronic Pain/diagnosis , Social Determinants of Health , Social VulnerabilityABSTRACT
Abstract Strengths and virtues are defined as positive characteristics that have moral value. The objective of this research was to investigate the conception of the students of Integrated Technical High School on strengths and virtues, if there is a difference between the conception between female and male students, how they understand the role of strengths and virtues in the choice and performance of the future technical profession and if the perception of the concept differs from the literature. Participated 21 students, 10 girls and 11 boys from the first year of different courses from a Brazilian public educational institution. Two focus groups were held on different dates. The results showed that conceptions brought by the students are related to characteristics responsible for promoting personal and academic goals for current and future situations to their professional career. The data obtained can contribute to actions, expanding the possibilities of applying positive psychology in the school context as a resource favorable to learning and the development of strengths and virtues. Prospective research can investigate the impact of strengths and virtues with constructions related to the concept investigated in the present study with the use of instruments that can collaborate with qualitative data presented.
Resumen Las fortalezas y virtudes se definen como características positivas que tienen un valor moral.El objetivo fue indagar la concepción de los estudiantes de la Secundaria Técnica Integrada sobre las fortalezas y virtudes, si existe diferencia entre la concepción entre los estudiantes femeninos y masculinos, cómo entienden el papel de las fortalezas y virtudes en la elección y desempeño de las futura profesión técnica y si la percepción del concepto difiere de la literatura. Participaron 21 alumnos, 10 niñas y 11 niños del primer año de diferentes cursos de una institución educativa pública brasileña. Se realizaron dos grupos focales en fechas diferentes. Los resultados mostraron que las concepciones aportadas por los estudiantes están relacionadas con características responsables de promover metas personales y académicas para situaciones actuales y futuras de su carrera profesional. Los datos obtenidos pueden contribuir a acciones, ampliando las posibilidades de aplicar la psicología positiva en el contexto escolar como recurso favorable al aprendizaje y al desarrollo de fortalezas y virtudes. La investigación prospectiva puede investigar el impacto de las fortalezas y virtudes con construcciones relacionadas al concepto investigado en el presente estudio con el uso de instrumentos que puedan colaborar con los datos cualitativos presentados.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Debido al aumento en el consumo de alcohol entre la población juvenil y los potenciales riesgos físicos y mentales que esta situación provoca, este trabajo analiza los factores que condicionan el consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes de 13 a 17 años en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizan datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar, aplicada a una muestra representativa de 56,981 adolescentes en todo el país en 2018. Se estiman modelos logísticos que toman en cuenta el rol de factores personales, socioeconómicos, psicológicos y situacionales A la vez, se analiza el impacto que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene sobre conductas de riesgo y sobre daños sufridos por adolescentes. Resultados: Se observó un incremento en el consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes, con una mayor incidencia en mujeres. Los factores situacionales, como la disponibilidad de alcohol y la presión de pares, son determinantes clave. Existe una fuerte asociación entre el consumo excesivo de alcohol y las conductas de riesgo, así como un aumento en los daños sufridos por los adolescentes. Conclusiones: Se subraya la necesidad de implementar medidas reguladoras y protectoras específicas. La importancia de estrategias integrales de prevención y educación es destacada, enfocándose en los factores situacionales y sociales. Las intervenciones deben involucrar a familia, escuela y comunidad para reducir los riesgos y promover comportamientos saludables.
Abstract Objectives: Given the increase in alcohol consumption in the youth population and the potential physical and mental risks that this situation causes, this work analyzes the conditioning factors of excessive alcohol consumption in the population between 13 and 17 years of age in Argentina. Materials and Methods: We use data from the World Survey of School Health, applied to a representative sample of 56,981 adolescents throughout the country in 2018. We estimate logistic regressions to identify conditional variables that influence the abusive intake of alcohol. Those factors include personal, socioeconomic, psychological, and situational independent variables. Results: An increase in alcohol consumption among adolescents has been observed, with a higher incidence among females. Situational factors, such as the availability of alcohol and peer pressure, are key determinants. There is a strong association between excessive alcohol consumption and risky behaviors, as well as an increase in the harms experienced by adolescents. Conclusions: The need to implement specific regulatory and protective measures is emphasized. The importance of comprehensive prevention and education strategies is highlighted, focusing on situational and social factors. Interventions should involve family, school, and community to reduce risks and promote healthy behaviors.
ABSTRACT
Background: Adolescent age can be a stressful experience for young people with a wide range of concerns. Comprehensive studies on psychological patterns among pre-graduate students in India are meagre. Therefore, this study aimed to assess psychological morbidities and quality of life in them. Methods: The study recruited 567 students aged 15-18 years, who pursued pre-graduate courses at government (300) and private (267) colleges in and around Tirupati and Chandragiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. Information was collected about their physical and psychological health, substance abuse and usage of electronic gadgets. The levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness were assessed. Results: A significant association was observed in the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among government and private college students at levels of 1%, 10% and 5%, respectively. Higher levels of depression were observed in 44.8% of students; depression was high in girls and government college students. Often, girls experience higher levels of stress leading to psychological illnesses than boys due to their inability to share their feelings and fears among family members. The proportion of poor family health indicators was significantly high in students with moderately low levels of anxiety. Poor sleep had decreased as the depression worsened from borderline to higher levels in boys and decreased even with mild mood disturbances in girls. Conclusions: Management strategies at personal, institutional and social levels are to be developed after understanding the risk factors of psychological morbidities in students.
ABSTRACT
Background: The common psychological difficulties in adolescents are anxiety states or minor depression and apart from that the attention span in adolescents is also shrinking as reported. The Brain Gym exercise is said to release learning blocks and cause improvement in areas such as memory, concentration, and focus. The goal of this study is to improve anxiety and attention in adolescents by performing brain gym exercises. Aim: To study the effects of brain gym exercise on attention and anxiety in adolescents. Methodology: The study employed an experimental study including 134 students within a 15-19 years age group, selected through purposive sampling. The primary outcomes are the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and the mindful attention awareness scale. Brain gym exercise was performed thrice a week for four weeks. Results: A statistically significant improvement in anxiety and attention is observed with using brain gym exercise. The pretest mean anxiety score at week 1 was 18.46 and after four weeks the results showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety with a mean score of 16.14. The pretest attention score in week 1 was 3.67 and the post-intervention score in week 4 was 3.98 showing a statistically significant increase in attention. The data was statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05.Conclusion: The study concludes there’s a significant effect of brain gym exercises in improving attention and anxiety.
ABSTRACT
Background: Home-based remote rehabilitation combining the use of new technological tools is an alternative way of rehabilitation when traditional center-based programs are limited or are not feasible. This systematic review aims to investigate the level of evidence for the effects of home-based remote rehabilitation on children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). Methods: This systematic review will follow the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Five databases will be searched from the period of the inception until March 2024: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline (via EBSCOhost), ACM Digital Library, and Scopus. Methodological quality will be assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the risk of bias in non-randomized studies – of interventions (ROBINS-1) tool. The overall quality of the evidence will be assessed using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Conclusions: Evaluation of the level of evidence for the effects of home-based remote rehabilitation in children and adolescents with CF and NCFB is an important step in the context of telehealth, providing an alternative way of approaching pediatric patients, during the process of rehabilitation. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number is CRD42024498403.