Estilos parentais como fator de proteção ou risco ao consumo de álcool

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os estilos parentais (autoritativo, autoritário, negligente e indulgente) como fator de proteção ou risco ao consumo de álcool em estudantes de uma universidade pública localizada no estado XX, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 392 universitários com idade entre 18 e 58 anos (M = 23, 23; DP = 5,78), a maioria do sexo feminino (70,7%), solteiros (58,4%), que responderam ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a Escala de Responsividade e Exigência e a questões sociodemográficas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA). Os resultados da MANOVA indicaram, de modo geral, os estilos de socialização parental autoritativo e indulgente como fatores de proteção ao consumo de álcool; enquanto a parentalidade autoritária e negligente constituíram risco ao uso da substância. Os dados da contribuição de cada estilo parental no consumo de bebidas etílicas favorece o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção, além de permitir identificar o impacto das práticas parentais na educação dos filhos, promovendo comportamentos mais saudáveis e adaptativos.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los estilos parentales (autoritativo, autoritario, negligente e indulgente) como un factor de protección o de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de una universidad pública ubicada en el estado XX, Brasil. Participaron 392 estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 58 años (M = 23, 23; SD = 5.78), en su mayoría mujeres (70.7%), solteros (58.4%), los cuales respondieron el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), la Escala de Responsividad y Exigencia, y las cuestiones sociodemográficas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA). Los resultados de MANOVA indicaron, en general, los estilos de socialización parental autoritativos e indulgentes como factores de protección para el consumo de alcohol; mientras que la parentalidad autoritaria y negligente constituyeron un riesgo para el uso de sustancias. Los datos sobre la contribución de cada estilo parental al consumo de bebidas etílicas favorecen el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención, además de permitir la identificación del impacto de las prácticas parentales en la educación de los hijos, promoviendo comportamientos más saludables y más adaptativos.

This research aimed to analyze parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful) as a protective factor or risk alcohol consumption in students of a public university in the state XX, Brazil. The study included 392 university aged 18 to 58 years (M = 23, 23; SD = 5.78), most females (70.7%), single (58.4%), who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Responsiveness and Requirement Scale, and sociodemographic questions. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed. MANOVA results generally indicated authoritative and indulgent parental socialization styles as protective factors for alcohol consumption; while the authoritarian and neglectful parenting constituted risk of substance use. The data of the contribution of each parental style in the consumption of beverages ethylic favoring the development of prevention strategies, and allows identify of the impact of parenting practices in the education of children by promoting healthier behaviors and adaptive.

Trends in consuming alcoholic beverages among adolescents and young adults of school age: sexes differences

Abstract Objective: To analyze the tendency of alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents and young adults at school age according to their sexes. Methods: This is a trend research study in public schools of the municipality of Petrolina, between 2014 and 2016, with 3146 students aged between 12 and 24 years old. The instrument was constituted by socio-economic inquiry and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Trends were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended approach. The analyses were conducted using logistic regression, with a statistical significance of 0.05. Results: Close to 56% of the adolescents had already tried some alcoholic beverage, most of which had contact after 13 years of age. The prevalence of binge drinking ranged between 17% and 25%. The percentage of girls who tried alcohol before 13 years old remained similar over the three years (p = 0.943). The prevalence of this behavior was stabilized at around 20%. There was a trend to decrease in the prevalence of boys who reported having tried alcohol before 13 years old (p = 0.014). The percentage of boys who reported involvement in binge drinking in the past 30 days remained stable at around 20% over the years (p = 0.951 ). The girls' data revealed a significant decrease in binge drinking (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The general analysis suggests a trend towards stabilization of consumption among boys, and an increase among girls.

Estilos parentais e vinculação aos pares fazem a diferença nos motivos do consumo de álcool em jovens universitários? / ¿Los estilos parentales y el apego a los compañeros marcan la diferencia en los motivos de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios? / Do Parenting Styles and Peer Attachment Make a Difference in the Reasons for Alcohol Consumption in University Students?

A literatura suporta a importância da relação entre os jovens e as figuras parentais para um desenvolvimen-to adaptativo, nomeadamente capacidades pró-sociais e menor envolvimento em comportamentos de risco. A qualidade das relações com os pares pode também desempenhar um papel protetor no que respeita ao consumo de álcool. O objetivo deste estudo foca-se na análise do efeito dos estilos parentais e da vinculação aos pares nos motivos de consumo de álcool. Participaram 1.044 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 25 anos (m= 19.78; dp= 1.68). De forma a recolher os dados recorreu-se a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), ao Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), ao Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r) e ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit). Os resultados apontam para um efeito preditor positivo dos estilos parentais autoritários e permissivos e da alienação aos pares face aos motivos de consumo de álcool e um efeito preditor negativo do estilo parental democrático e de uma vinculação aos pares pautada por comunicação e confiança. As mulheres apresentam maior qualidade relacional com os pares comparativa-mente com os jovens do sexo masculino. Os rapazes apre-sentam uma maior diversidade de motivos de consumo de álcool. Os resultados são discutidos considerando a relevância dos estilos parentais e qualidade das relações com os pares no desenvolvimento pessoal e as motivações dos jovens adultos, em contexto universitário, para a assunção de comportamentos de risco.

La literatura apoya la importancia de la relación entre los jóvenes y las figuras parentales para un desarrollo adaptativo, es decir, habilidades prosociales y menor involucramiento en conductas de riesgo. La calidad de las relaciones con los compañeros también puede desempeñar un papel protector con respecto al consumo de alcohol. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de los estilos de crianza y el apego entre pares, sobre las razones para el consumo de alcohol. Participaron 1.044 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años (m= 19.78; ds= 1.68). Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), el Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), el Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r) y el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit). Los resultados indican un efecto predictivo positivo de los estilos parentales autoritarios, permisivos y de alienación de los pares ante los motivos del consumo de alcohol, y un efecto predictivo negativo del estilo paren-tal democrático y de apego a los pares basado en la comunicación y la confianza. Las mujeres tienen más calidad relacional con sus compañeros que los hombres jóvenes. Los hombres tienen una mayor diversidad de motivos para el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados se discuten considerando la relevancia de los estilos de crianza y la calidad de las relaciones con los pares en el desarrollo personal, y las motivaciones de los jóvenes en un contexto universitario para asumir con-ductas de riesgo.

The importance of the relationship between young people and their parental figures for adaptative de-velopment has been supported by literature, namely prosocial capacities and less involvement in risk beha-viors. The quality of peer relationships may also play a protective role regarding alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of parenting styles and peer attachment on the reasons for alcohol consumption. Participants were 1.044 university stu-dents of both sexes, between 18 and 25 years of age (m = 19.78; sd = 1.68). For data collection, a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), the Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), the Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit) were used. The results reveal a positive predictive effect of negative parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) and alienation with peers on the reasons for alcohol consumption and a negative predictive impact on democratic parenting style and peer attachment ba-sed on communication and trust. Women have a better relational quality with their peers compared to males. Men have a greater diversity of reasons for consuming alcohol. Results are discussed considering the relevance of parenting styles, the quality of peer relationships in personal development, and the motivations of young adults, in a university context, for risk-taking behavior.

Inteligencia emocional y su relación en el consumo de alcohol en universitarios mexicanos / Emotional intelligence and its relationship in the alcohol consumption in mexican university students / Inteligência emocional e sua relação no consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários mexicanos

RESUMENObjetivo: determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Método: diseñodescriptivo, transversal y correlacional, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con una muestra de 365 estudiantes de una institución pública de educación superior en el periodo 2021-2022, en H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Resultados: el género femenino fue mayor (76.7%), con un rango de edad de 18 a 24 años, donde la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en la vida fue de 77% y la edad de primer consumo se ubicó entre 15 y 18 años (56.4%). El consumo lapsico fue en el último año 38.8%. Las dimensiones inteligencia emocional de atención de los sentimientos y reparación de emociones presentaron en ambos géneros valores similares, en su mayoría un nivel adecuado y excelente. La correlación en mujeres entre edad de consumo de alcohol y las dimensiones la inteligencia emocional, fue significativa e inversa. Conclusión:los estudiantes presentan altas prevalencias de consumo y inteligencia emocional, se encontró que para el género masculino la claridad emocional requiere estrategias que permitan mejorarla.

Objective:to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and the prevalence of alcohol consumption in university students. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design, non-probabilistic convenience sampling with a sample of 365 students from a public institution of higher education in the period 2021-2022, in H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, descriptive and correlational statistics were used. Results: the female gender was higher (76.7%), with an age range of 18 to 24 years, where the prevalence of alcohol consumption in life was 77% and the age of first consumption was between 15 and 18 years. (56.4%). The lapsique consumption was in the last year 38.8%. The emotional intelligence dimensions of attention to feelings and repair of emotions presented similar values in both genders, mostly an adequate and excellent level. The correlation in women between the age of alcohol consumption and the emotional intelligence dimensions was significant and inverse. Conclusion: the students present high prevalences of consumption and emotional intelligence, it was found that for the male gender, emotional clarity requires strategies that allow it to be improved.

Objetivo:determinar a relação entre a inteligência emocional e a prevalência do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Método: desenho descritivo, transversal e correlacional, amostragem não probabilística de conveniência com 365 estudantes de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no período de 2021 a 2022, em H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. Aplicou estatística descritiva e correlacional. Resultados: o sexofeminino foi maior (76,7%), com faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos, onde a prevalência de consumo de álcool na vida foi de 77% e a idade do primeiro consumo foi entre 15 e 18 anos (56,4%). O consumo lapsico foi no ano passado 38,8%. As dimensões da inteligênciaemocional de atenção aos sentimentos e reparação de emoções apresentaram valores semelhantes em ambos os sexos, na sua maioria um nível adequado e excelente. A correlação das mulheres entre a idade de consumo de álcool e as dimensões da inteligência emocional foi significativa e inversa. Conclusão: os alunos apresentam altas prevalências de consumo e inteligência emocional, e verificou-se que para o gênero masculino, a clareza emocional requer estratégias que permitam melhorá-la.

Tecnologías de la información y comunicación, ansiedad y consumo de drogas lícitas en adolescentes / Information and communication technologies, anxiety and legal drug use in adolescents / Tecnologias de informação e comunicação, ansiedade e uso de drogas lícitas em adolescentes

Objetivo: identificar la relación entre el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC ́s) y la ansiedad, el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes de secundaria de Puebla, México.Método: estudio descriptivo correlacional, realizado con 301 adolescentes de una escuela pública en 2018. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Detección de Nuevas Adicciones y Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton. Para análisis estadístico, el coeficiente de KolmogorovSmirnov e Ude Mann Whitney, correlación de Spearman y regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: el uso medio de las TIC ́s fue de 84,36 (DE = 15,1). Internet (M = 16.72, SD = 4.6) y teléfonos celulares (M = 15.52, SD = 5.0) fueron los más utilizados. El uso de las TIC ́s y la ansiedad fueron estadísticamente significativos (F=21.719, p=.001), donde internet y la televisión predijeron la ansiedad. Sobre el uso de TIC ́s y consumo de alcohol (F = 3.745, p =.001) indica que lo que predice esta condición es el uso de celulares. En el caso de las TIC ́s con el consumo de tabaco no hubo significación estadística. Conclusión: existe relación con el uso de las TIC ́s, la ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de secundaria del estado de Puebla.

Objective: to identify the relationship between the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and anxiety, alcohol and tobacco consumption in highschool adolescents from Puebla, Mexico. Method: descriptive correlational study, carried out with 301 adolescents from a public school in 2018. The New Addictions Detection Questionnaire and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were applied. For statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov Smirnov coefficient and Mann Whitney U, Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: the mean use of ICTs was 84.36 (SD = 15.1). Internet (M = 16.72, SD = 4.6) and cell phones (M = 15.52, SD = 5.0) were the most used. The useof ICTs and anxiety were statistically significant (F=21.719, p=.001), where the Internet and television predicted anxiety. About the use of ICTs and alcohol consumption (F = 3.745, p =.001) indicates that what this condition predicts is the use of cell phones. In the case of ICTs with tobacco use, there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: there is a relationship with the use of ICTs, anxiety and alcohol consumption in high school students in the state of Puebla.

Objetivo:identificar a relação entre o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) e ansiedade, consumo de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes do ensino médio de Puebla, México. Método: estudo descritivo correlacional, realizado com 301 adolescentes de uma escola pública no ano de 2018. Foram aplicados o New Addictions Detection Questionnaire e a Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Para análise estatística, o coeficiente de Kolmogorov Smirnov e Mann Whitney U, correlação de Spearman e regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: o uso médio de TIC foi de 84.36 (DP= 15.1). A internet (M = 16.72, DP = 4.6) e o celular (M= 15.52, DP= 5.0) foram os mais utilizados. O uso de TIC e ansiedade foi estatisticamente significativo (F = 21.719, p =.001), onde a internet e a televisão predizem a ansiedade. Sobre o uso de TIC e consumo de álcool (F = 3.745, p =.001) indica que quem prediz essa condição é o uso de celulares. No caso das TIC com uso de tabaco, não houve significância estatística. Conclusão: existe uma relação com o uso de TIC, ansiedade e consumo de álcool em estudantes do ensino médio no estado de Puebla.

Componentes del síndrome metabólico y factores de riesgo asociados en estudiantes de un programa de nutrición

RESUMEN La población universitaria presenta cambios en su estilo de vida, que se refleja en su composición corporal, y alteraciones metabólicas. Los estudiantes del área de la salud son futuros promotores de estilos de vida saludables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la frecuencia del Síndrome metabólico (SM) y sus componentes en los estudiantes del programa de Nutrición y Dietética. Noventa estudiantes de 18 a 25 años, en quienes se evaluaron los componentes del SM, la actividad física por acelerometría, el consumo de alcohol mediante el cuestionario Audit, tabaquismo y horas de sueño por el método Pittsburgh. Las prevalencias encontradas fueron: SM 1,1%, circunferencia de cintura elevada 4,5%, triglicéridos altos 11%, HDL bajos 32%, presión arterial elevada 1,1%. Se encontró que 73% cumplían con las recomendaciones de actividad física recomendadas por la OMS. Sin embargo, el 100% de los estudiantes pasaron más de 9 horas sedentarias por día, el 6,7% presentaron un consumo de alcohol catalogado como perjudicial, 19% estuvieron expuestos al humo o eran fumadores, y el 63,3% se consideraron como malos dormidores. No hubo asociación entre las variables del estilo de vida con los componentes del SM. En conclusión, los triglicéridos altos y las HDL bajas, el sedentarismo y la baja calidad de sueño son variables importantes para tener en consideración en programas de intervención con la finalidad de ser nutricionistas coherentes con la profesión.

ABSTRACT Changes to body composition and metabolic functions occur in the university population due to lifestyle choices. Students in the health programs are expected to fulfill a fundamental role in promoting healthy lifestyles. The objective of this work was to identify the frequency of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its components among students of a Nutrition and Dietetics program. Ninety students between 18 and 21 years old were evaluated for each of the components of the MS, physical activity by accelerometry, alcohol consumption by Audit questionnaire, smoking, and hours of sleep by Pittsburgh method. The prevalence found were: MS 1.1%, high waist circumference 4.5%, high triglycerides 11%, low HDL 32%, high blood pressure 1.1%. Regarding variables related to lifestyle habits, 73% complied with physical activity recommendations recommended by the WHO. However, 100% of the students were sedentary more than 9 hours per day, 6.7% had alcohol consumption classified as harmful, 19% were exposed to smoke or were smokers, and 63.3% were considered bad sleepers. There was no association between lifestyle variables and the MS components. In conclusion, high triglycerides, low HDL, sedentary lifestyle, and low sleep quality are crucial variables to consider in intervention programs aimed at training nutritionist, in keeping with the profession.

Effects of occupational aluminum exposure, types of alcohol consumption, and their interaction on cognitive function of workers / 环境与职业医学

Background Occupational aluminum exposure is closely related to cognitive impairment, and alcohol consumption is also closely related to cognitive dysfunction. Objective To explore the effects of types of alcohol consumption on cognitive function of occupational aluminum exposed workers. Methods A total of 181 workers aged from 23 to 56 years were selected by cluster sampling method in an electrolytic aluminum workshop of an aluminum plant in a region and in a maintenance workshop of another plant in the same region from July to August, 2019. Venous blood was collected, and plasma aluminum concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study subjects were divided into low and high exposure groups based on the median blood aluminum level and type of work. Their basic information was collected by occupational health examination. Workers' cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale-Beijing Edition. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between plasma aluminum concentration and cognitive impairment, and between the types of alcohol consumption (including Baijiu, red wine, and beer) and cognitive impairment, Unconditional logistic regression was used to fit multiplicative interaction model as well as additive interaction model of plasma aluminum concentration and the types of alcohol consumption, and to calculate the relative excess relative risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). Results The M (P25, P75) concentrations of plasma aluminum were 40.01 (25.05, 60.56) µg·L−1 in the total study subjects, 25.16 (17.13, 34.78) µg·L−1 in the low exposure group and 60.56 (47.40, 68.53) µg·L−1 in the high exposure group. After adjusting the type of alcohol consumption, drinking, age, duration of exposure to aluminum, education, marital status, and smoking, the odds ratios for impairments of attention, language expression, and overall cognitive function in the high exposure group were 4.295 (95%CI: 1.912-9.648), 5.687 (95%CI: 1.355-23.867), and 2.720 (95%CI: 1.225-6.040) times of the low exposure group respectively. Besides, after adjusting blood aluminum concentration, total alcohol consumption, age, duration of exposure to aluminum, education, marital status, and smoking, the risk of attention impairment of the Baijiu drinkers was 2.613 (95%CI: 1.054 to 6.837) times of the non-Baijiu drinkers; the risks of impairment of visuospatial abilities and execution functions, language expression, delayed recall, and overall cognitive function of the beer drinkers were 3.165 (95%CI: 1.285-7.797), 17.898 (95%CI: 1.590-201.480), 3.118 (95%CI: 1.215-8.003), and 3.824 (95%CI: 1.736-8.423) times of the non-beer drinkers. There were both additive [RERI (95%CI): 1.745 (1.394-2.097), AP (95%CI): 0.415 (0.201-0.630)] and multiplicative (OR=3.591, 95%CI: 1.393-9.255) interactions between Baijiu intake and plasma aluminum concentration levels on the attention domain. The cognitive impairment attributed to the interactive effects of drinking Baijiu and plasma aluminum concentration in individuals with attention impairment accounted for 41.5%. There were both additive [RERI (95%CI): 5.955 (0.562-11.328), AP (95%CI): 0.829 (0.577-1.081)] and multiplicative (OR=42.174, 95%CI: 5.469-325.252) interactions between beer drinking and plasma aluminum concentration on the overall cognitive function. Among the individuals with overall cognitive impairment, the cognitive impairment caused by the interaction of beer drinking and plasma aluminum concentration accounted for 82.9%. Conclusion Occupation aluminum exposed workers' attention, language expression, and overall cognitive function are closely related to their plasma aluminum concentration. Plasma aluminum concentrations have interactions with Baijiu and beer consumption on cognitive impairment of workers.

Effect of alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of alcohol consumption on the severity of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 155 male T2DM patients with CHD were enrolled in the study and admitted at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Clinical and serum biochemical parameters were collected. The effect of alcohol consumption on the severity of CHD was assessed using the Gensini scoring system. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of CHD in T2DM patients.Results:About 63% of male T2DM patients with CHD were regular (moderate) alcohol consumers and among them, about 60% were classified as excessive drinkers. Compared to patients who did not consume alcohol, the following parameters were all significantly increased (all P<0.05): body mass index [(26.1±3.6) vs (24.9±3.1) kg/m 2]; systolic blood pressure [(142.0±17.6) vs (131.2±17.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); diastolic blood pressure (88.6±12.1) vs (83.8±8.9) mmHg)]; total cholesterol [(4.8±1.3) vs (4.3±1.3) mmol/L]; uric acid [(370.9±89.6) vs (349.6±84.3) mmol/L]; smoking rate (76.0% vs 13.3%); and prevalence of hypertension (76.0% vs 13.3%). Compared with patients in the moderate drinking subgroup, the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C, (3.2±0.9) vs (2.8±0.9) mmol/L] and plasma fibrinogen [(3.5±0.5) vs (3.9±0.4) mmol/L] were significantly higher ( P<0.05). In addition, the smoking rate and the prevalence of hypertension in the excessive drinking subgroup were significantly higher than those in the moderate drinking subgroup ( P<0.05). Excessive alcohol consumption was the risk factor ( OR=0.259,95% CI: 0.074-0.904, P<0.05), but not the severity factor ( t=-0.58, P=0.565) for CHD in male patients with T2DM, hemoglobinA 1c ( t=3.11, P=0.019), triglycerides ( t=2.30, P=0.039) and LDL-C ( t=4.24, P<0.001) were the risk factors for the severity of CHD. Conclusions:Excessive alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for CHD in male patients with T2DM, but its effect on the severity of CHD still needs further exploration.

Consumo de riesgo de alcohol y sentido de vida en adolescentes de 18 a 20 años en Tezontepec de Aldama / Risk consumption of alcohol and its impact on the meaning of life in adolescents aged 18 to 20 in Tezontepec de Aldama

Introducción: el consumo de alcohol aumento en los últimos años en adolescentes, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) indica que América Latina se posiciona en primer lugar de consumo y México ocupa el décimo lugar, en la población adolescente 38.8 % ha consumido alcohol alguna vez en su vida. Objetivo: conocer el nivel de consumo de riesgo de alcohol y el sentido de vida en los adolescentes de 18 a 20 años de edad de la comunidad de Presas, Tezontepec de Aldama, Hidalgo. Material y métodos: de aplicabilidad básica, cuantitativo, con un nivel de alcance descriptivo; diseño metodológico no experimental (observacional), prolectivo, transversal, prospectivo. Resultados: por medio de la escala dimensional del sentido de vida, 34 participantes refieren tener una búsqueda de sentido de vida expresan, experimentar una vida sin propósito y sin sentido, aunque en ocasiones poseen momentos en los que se sienten orientados. En cuanto, al instrumento de medición AUDIT, 10 participantes refieren tener un alto consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: hoy el alcohol sigue siendo un problema en la comunidad adolescente al mismo tiempo impacta de manera negativa en su sentido de vida.

Introduction: adolescent alcohol consumption has increased in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that Latin America is ranked first in this consumption and Mexico's adolescent population occupies tenth place. 38.8% of them have consumed alcohol at some point in their life as much as you have consumed in the last year. Objective: to know the level of risky alcohol consumption and the meaning of life in adolescents between 18 and 20 years of age in the community of Presas, Tezontepec de Aldama. Material and methods: of basic applicability with a quantitative approach and with a descriptive scope level, with a methodological design; non-experimental (observational), prolective, transversal, prospective. Results: 34 participants report having a search for a sense of life, expressing that they are people who experience a life without purpose and meaning, although sometimes they have moments when they feel oriented. Regarding the results of the AUDIT Measurement Instrument, 10 participants report having a high consumption of alcohol, stating that they are personnel who consume alcohol more frequently. Conclusion: alcohol is still a problem in the community today. Adolescent at the same time negatively impacts their sense of life; since young people who are at risk of alcohol have a low meaning of life

Consumo de drogas lícitas en niños escolarizados de 8 a 12 años / Use of Legal Drugs in School Children Aged 8 To 12 Years

Introducción: La prevención del consumo de drogas en el ámbito escolar es una prioridad en la política nacional de reducción de la demanda de drogas como elemento esencial para orientar la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: Determinar la salud percibida, la autoeficacia y la actitud hacia el consumo de drogas de los niños de 8 a 12 años que asisten a colegios de una localidad de Bogotá. Método: Investigación cuantitativa descriptiva, realizada a 467 niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años de seis colegios de una localidad de Bogotá. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Instrumento de autoeficacia percibida de Albert Bandura, el Instrumento Kidscreen 27 y el cuestionario de actitud hacia el consumo de drogas. Resultados: Se evidencia contacto con cigarrillo y alcohol desde los 8 años con diferencias significativas según edad y sexo. Al parecer los niños entran en primer contacto con el alcohol, mientras que las niñas lo hacen con el cigarrillo. Los que han tenido contacto con el alcohol y tabaco refirieron menores niveles de autoeficacia y salud percibida. Conclusión: El contacto con alcohol y tabaco se da en edades tempranas, con una importante proporción de consumo de alcohol alguna vez en la vida entre los 8 y 12 años, lo que hace necesario ampliar la investigación de consumo en este grupo de edad desde una perspectiva de género. Los programas de prevención del consumo de drogas se deben articular de manera transversal con el sector salud, el educativo y el familiar, de modo que en ellos se involucren padres y profesores(AU)

Introduction: The prevention of drug use in the school setting is a priority in the national drug demand reduction policy as an essential element to guide decision-making. Objective: To determine the perceived health, self-efficacy and attitude towards drug use in children aged 8 to 12 years who attend schools in a town in Bogotá. Method: A descriptive quantitative research was carried out on 467 boys and girls aged 8 to 12 from six schools in a town in Bogotá. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Albert Bandura's Perceived Self-Efficacy Instrument, the Kidscreen Instrument 27 and the questionnaire on attitude towards drug use were applied. Results: Contact with cigarettes and alcohol is evident from the age of 8 with significant differences according to age and sex. Boys seem to come first into contact with alcohol, while girls do so with cigarettes. Those who have had contact with alcohol and tobacco reported lower levels of self-efficacy and perceived health. Conclusion: Contact with alcohol and tobacco occurs at early ages, with a significant proportion of alcohol consumption, sometime in life, between 8 and 12 years old, which makes it necessary to expand the research on consumption in this age group from a gender perspective. Drug use prevention programs must be articulated in a transversal way with the health, education and family sectors, so that parents and teachers are involved in them(AU)

Association between alcohol consumption and hypertensionin adults of Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective @#To explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension in adults of Zhejiang Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 10 national surveillance sites in Zhejiang Province in the 2018 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension in adults of Zhejiang Province. @*Results @#Among 5 908 people included, 2 641 were males, accounting for 50.38%; and 3 267 were females, accounting for 49.62%. There were 2 721 cases of hypertension ( 28.54% ). The number of the cases with no, light and excessive alcohol consumption was 3 945, 1 117 and 846, accounting for 66.28%, 23.65% and 10.07%, respectively, after complex sampling weighting. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model showed that compared with those with no alcohol consumption, the adults with excessive alcohol consumption had higher risk of hypertension ( OR=2.126, 95%CI: 1.649-2.741 ); men with light ( OR=1.875, 95%CI: 1.075-3.270 ) and excessive alcohol consumption ( OR=2.752, 95%CI: 2.021-3.748 ) had higher risk of hypertension; the 18-<45-year-old adults with light ( OR=2.441, 95%CI: 1.171-5.087 ) and excessive alcohol consumption ( OR=3.368, 95%CI: 1.609-7.049 ), and the ≥60-year-old adults with excessive alcohol consumption ( OR=1.632, 95%CI: 1.174-2.269 ) had higher risk of hypertension. @*Conclusions @#Light and excessive alcohol consumption are associated with hypertension in Zhejiang adults. The association is stronger between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension than between light alcohol consumption and hypertension.

Estilos parentais e comportamento desviante: papel mediador do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários / Parenting styles and deviant behavior: Mediating role of alcohol consumption among university students

Resumo As relações existentes com as figuras parentais revelam-se importantes para os jovens adultos no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de coping adequadas e de competências sociais. A presença de um estilo parental democrático parece minimizar o envolvimento dos filhos em comportamentos de risco, nomeadamente o consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos estilos parentais no risco de consumo de álcool e no desenvolvimento de outros comportamentos adictivos e autodestrutivos em estudantes universitários. A amostra foi constituída por 1044 jovens, dos quais 277 (26.5%) do sexo masculino e 767 (73.5%) do sexo feminino. Todos os participantes tinham idades compreendias entre os 18 e 25 anos (M=19.78; DP=1.68). Recorreu-se a um questionário sociodemográfico e a instrumentos de autorrelato, nomeadamente o Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (PSDQ), o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) e a Escala de Comportamentos Desviantes (ECD). Os resultados apontam para um efeito preditor dos estilos parentais negativos (autoritário e permissivo) face ao comportamento adictivo e autodestrutivo dos jovens. Verificou-se ainda, o papel mediador do consumo de álcool na associação entre os estilos parentais negativos e o comportamento adictivo e autodestrutivo.

Abstract The relationships w ith p arental fi gures are important for young adults in t he d eveloping of appropriated coping strategies and social skills. The presence of a democratic parenting style seems to minimize the involvement of the children in risk behaviors, namely the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. The present study aims to analyze the role of parenting styles in the risk of alcohol consumption, as also the development of additive and self-destructive behavior in university students. The sample consisted of 1044 young people, of whom 277 (26.5%) were male and 767 (73.5%) were female. All participants were between 18 and 25 years of old (M=19.78; SD=1.68). Were used a sociodemographic questionnaire and self-report instruments, namely the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (PSDQ), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Deviant Behavior Scale (ECD). The results point to a predictive effect of negative parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) in relation to the additive and self-destructive behavior of the university students. The mediating role of alcohol consumption in the association between negative parenting styles and additive and self-destructive behavior was also verified.

Estrategias de Afrontamiento Familiar y la Prevalencia del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes de Secundaria / Strategies of Family Coping and the Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption among Secondary School Adolescents / Estratégias de Enfrentamento Familiar e Prevalência do Consumo de Álcool em Adolescentes Secundários / Stratégies d'Adaptation Familiales et Prévalence de la Consommation d'Alcool chez des Adolescents de Niveau Secondaire

Resumen Objetivo Determinar las Estrategias de Afrontamiento Familiar y la Prevalencia de Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes de Secundaria. Materiales y Métodos El presente estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, con un muestreo probabilístico estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño de cada estrato y con selección aleatoria simple (n=171 estudiantes). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento Familiar que analiza las estrategias de afrontamiento de la familiar, y entre estos recursos, estudia el apoyo social de la comunidad, los amigos y vecinos, las estrategias en la resolución de los problemas, la evaluación que la familiar del estresor, el apoyo espiritual y la inclinación a pedir ayuda. Resultados La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol teniendo la prevalencia global con un 59,6%, IC 95% [0,52-0,67]; la prevalencia lápsica con el 43,3% IC 95% [0,36-0,51]; la prevalencia actual con el 33,9% IC 95% [0,27-0,41] y con el 17% IC 95% [0,11-0,23] la prevalencia instantánea. En lo que respecta a la relación que existe entre las estrategias de afrontamiento familiar y la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol, se encontró una relación negativa y significativa (rs=-.290, p=.003). Conclusión A menor estrategias de afrontamiento familiares externas (apoyo amigo/familiares, apoyo espiritual, apoyo formal y apoyo vecinos) que perciben los adolescentes menor será la edad de inicio de consumo de alcohol de los estudiantes de secundaria.

Abstract Objective To determine the Family Coping Strategies and the Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption among Secondary school Adolescents. Materials and methods The present research was a descriptive correlational study, with a stratified probabilistic sampling with allocation proportional to the size of each stratum and with simple random selection (n = 171 students). The Family Coping Questionnaire that analyzes family coping strategies was used, and among these resources, study the social support of the community, friends and neighbors, strategies in solving problems, assessment that the family stressor, spiritual support and inclination to ask for help. Results The prevalence of alcohol consumption having the overall prevalence with 59.6%, 95% CI [0.52-0.67]; the lipsic prevalence with 43.3% 95% CI [0.36-0.51]; the current prevalence with 33.9% 95% CI [0.27-0.41] and with 17% 95% CI [0.11-0.23] instantaneous prevalence. Regarding the relationship between family coping strategies and the prevalence of alcohol consumption, a negative and significant relationship was found (rs =-.290, p =.003). Conclusion A lower external family coping strategy (friend / family support, spiritual support, formal support and neighbor's support) perceived by adolescents, a lower the age of alcohol consumption of secondary school students.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar as estratégias de enfrentamento familiar e a prevalência do consumo de álcool em adolescentes do ensino médio. Materiais e métodos Presente estudo foi correlacional descritivo, com amostragem probabilística estratificada, com alocação proporcional ao tamanho de cada estrato e com seleção aleatória simples (n = 171 alunos). Utilizou-se o Questionário de Coping Familiar, que analisa as estratégias de coping familiar e, dentre esses recursos, estuda o apoio social da comunidade, amigos e vizinhos, as estratégias de solução de problemas, a avaliação que a família estressor, apoio espiritual e vontade de pedir ajuda. Resultados A prevalência de consumo de álcool com prevalência geral de 59,6%, IC95% [0,52-0,67]; a prevalência labial com 43,3% IC95% [0,36-0,51]; a prevalência atual com 33,9% IC95% [0,27-0,41] e com 17% IC95% [0,11-0,23] prevalência instantânea. Em relação à relação entre estratégias de enfrentamento familiar e prevalência de consumo de álcool, foi encontrada uma relação negativa e significativa (rs = -. 290, p = 0,003). Conclusão Quanto menos estratégias externas de enfrentamento familiar (apoio a amigos / família, apoio espiritual, apoio formal e apoio ao vizinho) percebidas pelos adolescentes, menor a idade do consumo de álcool dos alunos do ensino médio.

Résumé Objectif Déterminer les stratégies d'adaptation familiale et la prévalence de la consommation d'alcool chez les adolescents de niveau secondaire. Matériels et méthodes L'étude réalisée est descriptive corrélationnelle; l'échantillon est aléatoire stratifié avec allocation proportionnelle á la taille de chaque strate et sélection aléatoire simple (n=171 élèves). Le Questionnaire d'Adaptation Familiale a été utilisé pour analyser les stratégies d'adaptation de la famille, en particulier le soutien social de la communauté, les amis et les voisins, les stratégies de résolution de problèmes, l'évaluation familiale des facteurs de stress, le soutien spirituel et la disposition á solliciter de l'aide. Résultats La prévalence globale de la consommation d'alcool a été de 59,6 % (IC á 95% = [0,52-0,67]); la prévalence au cours de l'année précédente de 43,3 % (IC á 95 % = [0,36-0,51]) ; la prévalence actuelle de 33,9 % (IC á 95 % [0,27-0,41]) et la prévalence instantanée de 17 % (IC á 95 % [0,11-0,23]). En ce qui concerne la relation entre les stratégies d'adaptation familiales et la prévalence de la consommation d'alcool, une relation négative et significative a été observée (rs=-.290, p=.003). Conclusion Plus les stratégies d'adaptation externes de la famille (soutien des amis /de la famille, soutien spirituel, soutien formel et soutien de la part des voisins) perçues par les adolescents sont faibles, plus les élèves de niveau secondaire commencent á consommer de l'alcool á un jeune âge.

Hábitos de salud de estudiantes del primer año del Profesorado y Licenciatura de Educación Inicial de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Chaco, Argentina / Health habits of students of the 1st year of Teachers Training Course and Bachelor of Initial Education of the Faculty of Humanities at The University

Los estudiantes universitarios se encuentran expuestos a una serie de factores que los predisponen a adoptar conductas nocivas para la salud y aumentar el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Por ello, en el marco del Proyecto de Buenas Prácticas en la educación infantil, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer los estilos de vida de los jóvenes universitarios teniendo en cuenta las siguientes variables: cantidad de comidas consumidas diariamente, tipo de alimento consumido, consumo de alcohol, drogas, tabaco, práctica de actividad física, horas de sueño por día y sostén económico. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra (n=67) de estudiantes de 1° año del Profesorado y Licenciatura de Educación Inicial, cursantes del Taller de Investigación, Integración y Práctica I (asignatura obligatoria). Los resultados dan cuenta de la inactividad física (66%), la percepción de una alimentación poco saludable (57,57%) y más del 40% de las encuestadas adujeron consumir alcohol. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los estudiantes con percepción de hábitos poco saludables y el consumo de alcohol. Los estilos de vida y hábitos de alimentación de estudiantes universitarios de la población encuestada podrían considerarse como poco saludables, en particular la inactividad física y el tipo de alimento que consumen, con faltante de incorporación diaria de nutrientes fundamentales. Por lo tanto, es necesario crear conciencia e implementar estrategias que promuevan el cambio hacia estilos de vida saludables, permitiendo efectos de mitigación e impactando en la calidad de vida de cada individuo.

University students are exposed to a series of factors that predispose them to adopt health-damaging behaviors and increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Therefore, within the framework of the Good Practices Project in early childhood education, the objective of the present work was to know the lifestyles of university students taking into account the following variables: number of meals consumed daily, type of food consumed, consumption of alcohol, drugs and tobacco, practice of physical activity, hours of sleep per day and economic support. For this, a survey was applied to a sample (n = 67) of students of the 1st year of Teacher's Training Course and Bachelor of Initial Education, attending the Research, Integration and Practice I Workshop (compulsory subject). The results show physical inactivity (66%), the perception of an unhealthy diet (57.57%) and more than 40% of the respondents admitted consuming alcohol. A statistically significant association was found between students with perception of unhealthy habits and alcohol consumption. The lifestyles and eating habits of university students of the surveyed population could be considered as unhealthy, particularly physical inactivity and the type of food they consume, with a lack of daily incorporation of essential nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness and implement strategies that promote change towards healthy lifestyles, allowing mitigation effects and impacting on the quality of life of each individual.

Uso de facebook y persuasión interpersonal masiva: predictores del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes / Sue of social media and mass interpersonal persuasion: predictors of alcohol consumption in young people / Uso do mídia facebook e persuasão interpessoal em massa: preditores do consumo de álcool em jovens

OBJETIVO: analizar la influencia de la persuasión interpersonal masiva a través del uso de Facebook en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. MÉTODO: diseño predictivo y transversal, se realizó un muestreo fue probabilístico y estratificado para una muestra de 730 jóvenes universitarios. Se utilizó una Cédula de Datos Personales y Prevalencias de Consumo de Alcohol, Cuestionario de Uso de Facebook, la Prueba de Identificación de Desordenes por Uso de Alcohol, el Listado de Pensamientos y un Libro de Códigos. RESULTADOS: la persuasión se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol (r s=.272, p<.001). El uso de Facebook se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con el número de publicaciones con contenido de alcohol observadas en los muros o páginas personales de los jóvenes (r s=.165, p<.001) y con el consumo de alcohol (r s=.157, p<.001). Se encontró que el modelo fue significativo (F(9, 429)=58.73, p=.001) con una varianza explicada del 35.1%. CONCLUSIÓN: se encontró que el sexo, el número de publicaciones con contenido de alcohol y la persuasión muestran un efecto sobre el consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes.

OBJETIVO: analisar a influência de persuasão interpessoal massa através do uso de Facebook do consumo de álcool entre estudantes universitários. MÉTODO: desenho preditivo e transversal, foi probabilística e estratificado para uma amostra de 730 estudantes universitários amostrados. Um Data Cédula Pessoal e Prevalência de álcool, Questionário Usando o Facebook, o Teste de Identificação de Alcohol Use Disorder, foi usado Listagem de pensamentos e um livro de códigos. Resultado: a persuasão correlacionou positiva e significativamente com o consumo de álcool (rs=0.272, p<0.001). Facebook utilização correlacionados positivamente e significativamente com o número de publicações que contenham álcool observada nas paredes ou páginas pessoais dos jovens (rs=0.165, p<0.001) e de consumo de álcool (rs=.157, p < 0.001). Verificou-se que o modelo foi significativa (F(9.429)=58.73, p=0.001) com uma variação estimada de 35.1%. CONCLUSÃO: verificou-se que o sexo, o número de publicações com teor alcoólico e persuasão mostram um efeito sobre o consumo de álcool dos jovens.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the influence of mass interpersonal persuasion through the use of Facebook in alcohol consumption in university students. METHOD: predictive and cross-sectional design, sampling was probabilistic and stratified for a sample of 730 university students. A Personal Data Card and Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption, Facebook Use Questionnaire, the Alcohol Identification Disorder Test, the List of Thoughts and a Code Book were used. RESULTS: persuasion correlated positively and significantly with alcohol consumption (rs=.272, p<.001). The use of Facebook correlated positively and significantly with the number of publications with alcohol content observed in the walls or personal pages of young people (rs=.165, p<.001) and with alcohol consumption (rs=.157, p<.001). The model was found to be significant (F(9,429)=58.73, p=.001) with an explained variance of 35.1%. CONCLUSION: it was found that sex, number of publications with alcohol content and persuasion show an effect on young people's alcohol consumption.

Prevalence and Determinants of Alcohol Consumption Behavior of Migrant Workers in the Communities of the Lower Northern Region of Thailand

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing alcohol consumption behavior of migrant workers. Method: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 559 samples drawn from 15 communities of the lower northern region of Thailand through a multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to describe basic socio-demographic characteristics, Chi-square tests were used for the univariate analyses to determine the relationship between the study outcome and other demographic characteristics. A binary logistic regression was used for the multivariate analyses to investigate factors associated with the research outcome. Result: The results revealed a 65.5% prevalence of alcohol consumption. Being male, above 30 years, in permanent employment, Agriculture-related jobs, living in a factory dormitory, having no relatives in Thailand, and earning between 5,000-10,000 Baht monthly were significant risk factors for alcohol consumption. However, being married, with over 5 years of work experience, and living in a comfortable condition were mitigating factors for alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Given the exceedingly high prevalence of alcohol consumption in the migrant workers’ communities, it is, therefore, imperative to enforce and continuously reinforce alcohol control laws, with the provision of specially designed health promotion and education programs in order to achieve a long-lasting reduction in alcohol consumption.

Binge drinking, alcohol outlet density and associated factors: a multilevel analysis among adolescents in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil / Consumo excessivo episódico de álcool, densidade de locais de venda de bebidas alcoólicas e fatores associados: uma análise multinível entre adolescentes em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Consumo de alcohol compulsivo, densidad de locales de venta de alcohol y factores asociados: un análisis multinivel entre adolescentes procedentes de Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Our study sought to evaluate the prevalence of binge drinking in adolescents and its association with density of alcohol outlets around schools. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with 436 high-school students aged between 17 and 19 and enrolled in 18 public and private schools. The students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C), consisting of questions about alcohol consumption by parents and siblings, and socioeconomic status (type of school, mother's education level). Data from geographic information systems were used to estimate the density of alcohol outlets around schools participating. The association between exploratory variables and binge drinking was investigated using multilevel logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05) with random intercepts and fixed slopes. A three-step sequential modeling strategy was adopted. The prevalence of binge drinking was 39.9%. The alcohol consumption among adolescents was lower for those studying in areas with low density of alcohol outlets around schools (OR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.14; 0.73) and the consumption of alcohol by mothers was associated with binge drinking among adolescents (OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.14; 3.30). Our study concluded that binge drinking among adolescents was associated with density of alcohol outlets around the schools and mother's alcohol consumption.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de consumo excessivo episódico de álcool entre adolescentes e a associação com a densidade de locais de venda de bebidas alcoólicas no entorno das escolas. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, com 436 estudantes de segundo grau entre 17 e 19 anos de idade matriculados em 18 escolas públicas e privadas. Os estudantes responderam perguntas do Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C) sobre consumo de álcool pelos pais e irmãos, além de características socioeconômicas (tipo de escola, escolaridade materna). Foram utilizados dados de sistemas de informações geográficas para calcular a densidade de locais de venda de bebidas alcoólicas em torno das escolas participantes. A associação entre variáveis independentes e consumo excessivo episódico de álcool foi investigada por análise de regressão logística multivariada (p < 0,05) com interceptos randômicos e inclinações fixas. Foi adotada uma estratégia de modelagem sequencial em três passos. A prevalência de consumo excessivo episódico de álcool foi de 39,9%. O consumo de álcool entre adolescentes foi mais baixo naqueles que estudavam em áreas com baixa densidade de locais de venda de bebidas alcoólicas em torno das escolas (OR = 0,32; IC95%: 0,14; 0,73), e o consumo de álcool pelas mães esteve associado ao consumo excessivo episódico de álcool pelos adolescentes (OR = 1,94; IC95%: 1,14; 3,30), Em conclusão, consumo excessivo episódico de álcool por adolescentes mostrou associação com a densidade de locais de venda de bebidas alcoólicas no entorno das escolas e com o consumo materno de álcool.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia del consumo compulsivo de alcohol por parte de adolescentes y su asociación con la densidad de establecimientos de venta de alcohol próximos a escuelas. Este estudio transversal se realizó en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, con 436 estudiantes de escuelas secundarias con edades comprendidas entre los 17-19 años, inscritos en 18 escuelas públicas y privadas. Los estudiantes completaron con Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C) preguntas sobre el consumo de alcohol por parte de padres y hermanos, así como de su estatus socioeconómico (tipo de escuela, nivel de escolarización de la madre). Los datos del sistema de informaciones geográficas se usaron para calcular la densidad de establecimientos de venta de alcohol en los alrededores de las escuelas participantes. La asociación entre las variables exploratorias y el consumo compulsivo de alcohol fue investigado usando un análisis de regresión logística multinivel (p < 0,05) con intersecciones aleatorias y curvas fijas. Se adoptó una estrategia de modelado secuencial en tres pasos. La prevalencia de consumo compulsivo de alcohol fue de 39,9%. El consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes fue más bajo entre quienes estudiaban en áreas con baja densidad de establecimientos de venta de alcohol alrededor de las escuelas (OR = 0,32; IC95%: 0,14; 0,73), además el consumo de alcohol en madres estuvo asociado con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes (OR = 1,94; IC95%: 1,14; 3,30). La conclusión fue que el consumo compulsivo de alcohol en adolescentes estaba asociado con la densidad de establecimientos de venta de alcohol en los alrededores de las escuelas y el consumo de alcohol por parte de la madre.

Phenomenology of consumption of psycoactive substances in university students in Bogota / Fenomenología del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en Bogotá / Fenomenología do consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos estudantes universitários em Bogotá

Objetivo: Determinar el contexto fenomenológico en relación a los hábitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior de ciencias de la salud en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo de enfoque fenomenológico; se realizaron 8 entrevistas a jóvenes universitarios (informantes clave) que conocían el contexto universitario, las personas expendedoras y las consumidoras. La técnica de recolección de datos fue con entrevistas a profundad. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética de investigación en Seres Humanos, Hospital de San José - FUCS. Resultados: Los hallazgos identifican 6 categorías: 1) Factores de riesgo de policonsumo; 2) Factores de protección de policonsumo; 3) Sustancias psicoactivas; 4) Lugares de consumo; 5) Conductas de riesgo; 6) Efecto del consumo. A partir del análisis de contenido y de las proposiciones emergieron 14 subcategorías: factores de riesgo internos y externos; factores de protección externos; redes de apoyo; sustancias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viajes, casa de amigos; conductas de riesgo: suicidio, riñas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, enfermedad física y mental y rendimiento académico. Conclusión: en el estudio se concluye que la problemática social presente en los estudiantes universitarios, está fundamentada en las situaciones de riesgos a las cuales están expuestos socialmente y que requiere de un pilar formativo desde la niñez. La UNODC, propone examinar a profundidad las variables que influyen en el consumo y actuar con programas preventivos viables, que permitan fortalecer las habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales.

Objective: Determine the phenomenological context related to the habits of consumption of psychoactive drugs, in university students from a higher education institution of health sciences in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: Qualitative descriptive study of phenomenological approach; 8 interviews were performed in young university students (key informants) who knew about the university context, the dealers, and the consumers. The technique for the recollection of data used were in-depth interviews. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Human Beings, Hospital of San Jose ­ University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS). Results: The findings identify 6 categories: 1) Risk factors of polydrug abuse; 2) Protective factors of polydrug abuse; 3) Psychoactive drugs; 4) Places for consumption; 5) Risk behaviors; 6) Consumption effects. From the analysis of the content and the propositions, 14 sub-categories emerged: internal and external risk factors; external protective factors; support networks; illicit and legal drugs; places: bars, trips, friend's houses; risk behaviors: suicide, fights, sexual risk behavior; mental and physical diseases and academic performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that the present social problematic in university students, is based on risk situations to which students are socially exposed and requires a formative process that starts during childhood. The UNODC, proposes to examine the variables that influence the consumption and act with viable preventive programs in depth, allowing to strengthen the intrapersonal and interpersonal skills.

Objetivo: Determinar o contexto fenomenológico em relação aos hábitos de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, em estudantes universitários de uma faculdade de ciências da saúde em Bogotá. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo fenomenológico; realizaram-se 8 entrevistas a jovens universitários (informantes chave) que conheciam o contexto universitário, as pessoas fornecedoras e as consumidoras. A técnica de recolecção de dados foi com entrevistas a profundidade. O projeto foi aprovado pelo comité de ética em pesquisa em seres humanos do Hospital de San José-FUCS. Resultados: Os achados identificaram 6 categorias: 1) fatores de risco de policonsumo; 2) fatores de proteção policonsumo; 3) substâncias psicoativas; 4) lugares de consumo; 5) condutas de risco; 6) efeito do consumo. Partindo da análise de conteúdo e das proposições surgiram14 subcategorias: fatores de risco internos e externos; fatores de proteção externos; redes de apoio; substâncias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viagens, casa dos amigos; condutas de risco: suicídio, brigas, condutas sexuais de risco, doença física e mental y finalmente, rendimento acadêmico. Conclusão: A problemática social presente nos estudantes universitários, está fundamentada nas situações de risco, as quais estão expostos socialmente e precisam de uma formação estrutural desde a infância. A UNODC propõe examinar a profundidade das variáveis que influenciam o consumo e atuar com programas de prevenção viáveis, permitindo o fortalecimento de habilidades intrapessoais e interpessoais.

Beliefs about alcohol consumption in Colombian and Chilean Youth / Crenças sobre o consumo de álcool em jovens colombianos e chilenos / Creencias sobre el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes colombianos y chilenos

Abstract Developing programs to prevent alcohol consumption whose impact goes beyond cultural borders represents a challenge since it is necessary to recognize cultural differences that determine consumption. This cross-cultural comparative study was aimed to find the differences in beliefs related to alcohol consumption in a non-randomized stratified sample of 1602 educated teenage men and women and youth (870 Chileans and 732 Colombians) with ages between 14 and 25 years. The instruments used were the Belief Questionnaire Regarding Alcohol Consumption and the Audit Consumption Test. The ANOVA statistic was used to compare the means between countries. Results indicated that Colombians have higher consumption triggers, higher perception of risk and vulnerability, and the highest perception of perceived benefits of consumption. On the other hand, Chileans present significantly greater beliefs regarding the consumption barriers with lower averages in all factors. However, in both populations the averages found indicate moderate and high risk.

Resumo O desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção do consumo de álcool cujo impacto sobrepasse fronteiras culturais representa um desafio importante devido ao fato de que é preciso reconhecer as diferenças culturais determinantes do consumo. O presente estudo comparativo transcultural teve como objetivo conhecer as diferenças nas crenças relacionadas com o consumo de álcool em uma amostra estratificada não aleatorizada de 1602 adolescentes e jovens (870 chilenos e 732 colombianos), homens e mulheres escolarizados com idades entre 14 e 25 anos. Para isso, fez-se uso do Cuestionario de Creencias Referidas al Consumo de Alcohol e o teste AUDIT de consumo. Para comparar as médias entre países, utilizou-se o estatístico ANOVA. Os resultados indicaram que os colombianos têm mais altos gatilhos de consumo, maior percepção de risco e vulnerabilidade, e percepção mais alta de benefícios percebidos com o consumo. Por sua vez, os chilenos apresentaram crenças significativamente maiores com respeito às barreiras de consumo, com menores médias em todos os fatores. Em ambas as populações, as médias reportadas indicaram um risco moderado e alto para o consumo de álcool.

Resumen El desarrollo de programas de prevención del consumo de alcohol cuyo impacto sobrepase fronteras culturales representa un reto importante debido a que se hace necesario reconocer las diferencias culturales determinantes del consumo. El presente estudio comparativo transcultural tuvo como objetivo conocer las diferencias en las creencias relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol en una muestra estratificada no aleatorizada de 1602 adolescentes y jóvenes (870 chilenos y 732 colombianos), hombres y mujeres escolarizados con edades entre los 14 y los 25 años. Para esto, se hizo uso del Cuestionario de Creencias Referidas al Consumo de Alcohol y el test AUDIT de consumo. Para comparar las medias entre países se utilizó el estadístico ANOVA. Los resultados indicaron que los colombianos tienen más altas claves disparadoras de consumo, mayor percepción de riesgo y vulnerabilidad, y percepción más alta de beneficios percibidos con el consumo. Por su parte, los chilenos presentaron creencias significativamente mayores respecto a las barreras de consumo, con menores promedios en todos los factores. En ambas poblaciones las medias reportadas indicaron un riesgo moderado y alto para el consumo de alcohol.

Private self-consciousness, self-reflection, insight and alcohol consumption among young people and adults / Autoconsciência privada, autorreflexão, insight e consumo de álcool entre jovens e adultos / Autoconciencia privada, autorreflexión, insight y consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes y adultos

Private self-consciousness is a relevant metacognitive capacity in the self-regulation process, with possible implications in alcohol consumption. This research verified the influence of self-reflection and insight, dimensions of private self-consciousness, on drinking behavior. A total of 523 Brazilians, aged from 20 to 39 years old, participated in a survey by answering the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale and the AUDIT test. The results showed that women have higher levels of self-reflection, whereas men have higher levels of insight. With regard to alcohol consumption, young people drink at higher risk levels than adults. Self-reflection and insight were negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. Age and gender differences in the intensity of the correlation between variables and the influence of environmental factors on the regulation of drinking behavior are discussed. (AU)

A autoconsciência privada é uma capacidade metacognitiva relevante no processo de autorregulação, com possível implicação no consumo de álcool. Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a relação da autorreflexão e do insight, dimensões da autoconsciência privada, no comportamento de beber. Participaram 523 brasileiros, de 20 a 39 anos que responderam à Escala de Autorreflexão e Insight e ao teste AUDIT. Os resultados indicaram que mulheres apresentam níveis mais elevados de autorreflexão, enquanto homens, de insight. Quanto ao consumo de álcool, jovens bebem em níveis considerados mais arriscados do que adultos. A autorreflexão e o insight correlacionaram negativamente com o consumo de álcool. Diferenças etárias e de gênero na intensidade da correlação entre variáveis e a influência de fatores ambientais na regulação do beber são discutidas. (AU)

La autoconciencia privada es una capacidad metacognitiva relevante en el proceso de autorregulación, con posibles implicaciones en el consumo de alcohol. Esta investigación verificó la relación entre autorreflexión e Insight, dimensiones de la autoconciencia privada, en el comportamiento de beber. Participaron 523 brasileños (20 a 39 años) que respondieron la Escala de Autorreflexión e Insight y el test AUDIT. Los resultados estadísticos mostraron que las mujeres tienen mayores niveles de autorreflexión, mientras que los hombres de Insight. En cuanto a consumo de alcohol, los jóvenes beben en niveles considerados más arriesgados que los adultos. Autorreflexión e Insight se correlacionaron negativamente con el consumo de alcohol. Se discuten las diferencias de edad y género con relación a la intensidad de correlación entre las variables y la influencia de factores ambientales en la regulación de beber. (AU)