ABSTRACT
The chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of Lepechinia rufocampii Epling & Mathias were studied. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses allowed the identification and quantification of 122 constituents, representing 98.7% of the essential oil. Aliphatic compounds, mainly methyl ketones (62.4%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (19.5%) were found to be the most abundant compounds, while oxygenated monoterpenes were the minor. The most abundant compounds were undecan-2-one (34.6%), nonan-2-one (21.1%), and (E)-caryophyllene (8.3%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a low scavenging effect and it showed ferric reducing activity. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against pathogenic bacteria and a pathogenic yeast. The essential oil showed very good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella entericaserovar, but low activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Candida albicans. The MIC valueof the essential oil varied from 1.04-33.05 µL/mL, with the lowest for Salmonella entericaserovar.
Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial de hojas y flores de Lepechinia rufocampii Epling & Mathias. Los análisis por GC-FID y GC-MS permitieron la identificación y cuantificación de 122 constituyentes, que representan el 98.7% del aceite esencial. Los compuestos alifáticos, principalmente metilcetonas (62.4%) y los hidrocarburos sesquiterpénicos (19.5%) resultaron ser los compuestos más abundantes, mientras que los monoterpenos oxigenados fueron los minoritarios. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron undecan-2-ona (34.6%), nonan-2-ona (21.1%) y (E)-cariofileno (8.3%). La actividad antioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un bajo efecto eliminador y mostró actividad reductora de hierro. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra bacterias patógenas y una levadura patógena. El aceite esencial mostró muy buena actividad contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella entericaserovar, pero baja actividad contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Candida albicans. El valor de CIM del aceite esencial varió de 1.04 a 33.05 µL/mL, siendo el más bajo para Salmonella entericaserovar.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Ecuador , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Thechemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the Ecuadorian Andes were studied. One hundred and twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.8%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (44.1%) had the major percentages. The most abundant compounds were camphor (21.6%), myrcene (19.5%), and 1,8-cineole (13.4%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS,and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and reduction of ferric ion capacity through FRAP assay. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against four pathogenic bacteria and a fungus. The essential oil exhibited activity against all microorganism strains under test, particularly against Candida albicansand Staphylococcus aureuswith MICs of 2.43-12.10 µg/mL.
Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial procedente de las partes aérea (hojas y flores) de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivadas en los Andes ecuatorianos. Se identificaron 126 compuestos en el aceite esencial. Los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos (45,8%) y los monoterpenos oxigenados (44,1%) tuvieron el mayor porcentaje. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron alcanfor (21,6%), mirceno (19,5%) y 1,8-cineol (13,4%). La actividadantioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un efecto eliminador moderado y una reducción de la capacidad de iones férricos mediante el ensayo FRAP. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra cuatro bacterias y un hongo patógenos. El aceite esencial mostró actividad contra todas las cepas de microorganismos bajo prueba, particularmente contra Candida albicansy Staphylococcus aureuscon CMI de 2,43-12,10 µg/mL.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Asteraceae/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Bacteria/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Chromatography, Gas , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Monoterpenes/analysis , Ecuador , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Sree Kiran, Sree Rashmi, Sree Pallavi, and Muktakeshi are the four commonly cultivated varieties of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. The current study aims to perform phytochemical screening and the antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts of these varieties. Furthermore, LCMS was used to examine the polyphenolic content of Muktakeshi's ethanolic leaf extract. The phytochemical analysis of the cultivars indicated that all extracts contained beneficial phytocompounds like phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The ethanolic leaf extract of Muktakeshi was found to have greater levels of total phenol (39.47±0.47 GAE mg/g) and flavonoid (49.672±0.15 QE mg/g) contents. All the leaf extracts exhibited a moderate antioxidant ability, whereas the ethanolic extract of Muktakeshi exhibited comparatively higher antioxidant potential in both DPPH (88.3±0.58%) and nitric oxide (84.6±0.79%) assays with the least IC50 value. The LCMS studies detected eight polyphenolic compounds like quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin 7-rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, vitexin, and rutin in the ethanolic leaf extract of Muktakeshi. It is a good source of many potentially effective bioactive compounds and helps to prevent human oxidative stress-associated diseases. The present study found considerable variations in the phenol-flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of the Colocasia varieties studied.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This work aims to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of the leaves of Macaranga heterophylla.Methodology: For this purpose, phytochemical screening by detection tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC), determination of total phenols content, total flavonoids content and condensed tannins content, and assessment of antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests were carried out on aqueous crude extracts, ethanolic crude extracts and selective extracts of the leaves of M. heterophylla.Results: The percentage yields obtained with ethanol (70%) (28.90 and 24.70% for the ethanolic decoction and ethanolic macerate respectively) are higher than those obtained with water (24.30 and 21.10% for the aqueous decoction and aqueous macerate respectively). The phytochemical screening highlighted the presence of several phytochemical families such as phenolic compounds (coumarins, flavones, tannins), quinones, sterols and polyterpenes, saponosides, glycosides, cardiotonic glycosides and oligosaccharides. Quantitative analysis of total phenolics, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidols showed that their respective levels in the leaves of M. heterophylla varied depending on the solvent and the extraction technique. Concerning total phenolics, the aqueous decoction and ethanolic macerate gave the best total phenol contents (129.04 � 9.53 and 119.82 � 2.63 mg EAG/g DM respectively); for total flavonoids, the aqueous decoction gave the best content (33.03 � 1.61 mg EQ/g DM), while for condensed tannins, the aqueous macerate gave the best content (0.87 � 0.02 mg ECT/g DM). With regard to DPPH antioxidant activity, the results showed that the ethanolic decoction has more pronounced antioxidant activity than the aqueous decoction, while the aqueous macerate showed better antioxidant activity than the ethanolic macerate. Concerning the reducing power test, the opposite trend was observed.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that M. heterophylla is a concentrate of secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties, which would explain its use in traditional medicinal practice.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hygrophila schulli, a medicinal herb, has traditionally been used to treat a wide range of ailments such as diarrhoea, dysentery, and cough. The aim of this experiment was to seek the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the methanolic extract of H. schulli leaf (MEHL) by in vitro and in vivo study.Methods: Methanol was used as a solvent to extract H. schulli leaves. In vitro antioxidant activity of MEHL was determined by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay and in vitro antidiabetic activity was revealed by ?-amylase inhibition assay and ?-glucosidase inhibition assay. To explore in vivo antidiabetic properties, diabetes was induced in Swiss albno mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight. Swiss albino mice were separated into five groups (normal and diabetic) and orally treated with normal pellet diet, water (normal control and diabetic control), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg BW), and MEHL (100 and 200 mg/kg BW).Results: MEHL showed significant scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay (IC 50 value is 105.80 礸/mL and 27.47 礸/mL respectively). In the ?-amylase inhibition assay, MEHL at a concentration of 120 g/mL inhibited ?-amylase activity by 23.13%, furthermore, at 100 g/mL concentration of MEHL, 55.62% inhibition of ?-glucosidase activity was detected. Diabetic mice treated with MEHL exhibited a significant decrease in blood glucose levels by 12.66%-33.45% from the 5th to the 21st day in the in vivo assay at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. MEHL significantly reduced the activity of serum SGPT and SGOT in diabetic mice as compared to the control group. In diabetic mice, the extract improved TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and VLDL levels as compared to untreated mice.Conclusion: The current study indicated that H. schulli leaf extract is a natural source of antioxidants, has substantial antidiabetic effects and enhances lipid profile markers in diabetic mice and may be utilized as an alternate therapy for diabetes control.
ABSTRACT
The study assesses the biological properties of methanolic extracts derived from the leaves, stems, and roots of Begonia malabarica, a native plant species in the mountainous area of southern India. The GC-MS was used to analyze the phytochemicals in the solvent from Begonia malabarica that had been extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and as reference solution is ascorbic acid. The cytotoxicity activity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) approach. The GC-MS analysis effectively revealed 35 distinctive phytomolecules. The primary constituents, namely tert-butylbenzene (23%), 2-methylnaphthalene (6.2%), ethyl ester of octadecanoic acid (0.9%), and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (0.9%), are noted. The results, the methanolic extracts from B. malabarica are antioxidants that have significant levels (P < 0.05) of DPPH radical scavenging activities at different doses. The detected radical scavenging activities exhibited a higher proportion in the stem of B. malabarica. The IC50 values for the methanolic extracts were found to be 0.77 mg/ml, 0.49 mg/ml, and 0.68 mg/ml, respectively. The MTT analysis demonstrated that the methanolic extracts exhibited a considerable increase in cytotoxic activity against the pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cell line, resulting in a cell viability percentage of 69.63% at a concentration of 31.25µg/ml. These findings confirm the possible biological effects of B. malabarica and its prospective use in different pharmaceutical pursuits in the future.
ABSTRACT
The consumption of vegetable oils is common in our daily diet. Rapeseed oil (canola oil) is the third most consumed edible oil in the world, followed by palm and soybean oils in terms of production. Rapeseed oil has a low proportion of saturated fatty acids, while it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, as well as in healthy compounds such as phenols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins. However, processing technologies affect the content and functional activities of bioactive compounds in the oil. Aim: To assess any potential effect of hot or cold pressing and a refining process on the nutritional value and the profile of several bioactive compounds in canola oils produced in Chile. Methods: Canola oils were characterized regarding their fatty acid profile, phytosterol and tocopherol composition, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity, according to the mode of extraction (cold or hot pressed) and before and after bWeing subjected to a refining process. Results: Fatty acid profiles were not significantly different in any of the analyzed canola oils. Refining but not temperature extraction led to a sharp decrease of phytosterols and tocopherols. Hot pressing significantly increased the amount of total phenols (3.1 times) and the antioxidant activity measured by ORAC (3.1 times) and DPPH (8.3 times) compared to the cold extraction. However, phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity decreased after refining. Conclusions: Refining processes should be adjusted to reduce the loss of bioactive compounds in the oil.
El consumo de aceites vegetales es habitual en nuestra dieta diaria. El aceite de colza (aceite de canola) es el tercer aceite comestible más consumido en el mundo, seguido por los aceites de palma y soja en términos de producción. El aceite de colza tiene una baja proporción de ácidos grasos saturados, mientras que es rico en ácidos grasos insaturados, así como en compuestos liposolubles saludables como fenoles, tocoferoles, fitoesteroles, carotenoides y vitaminas. Sin embargo, las tecnologías de procesamiento afectan el contenido y las actividades funcionales de los compuestos bioactivos en el aceite. Objetivo: Evaluar cualquier efecto potencial del prensado en caliente o en frío y un proceso de refinación sobre el valor nutricional y el perfil de varios compuestos bioactivos en los aceites de canola producidos en Chile. Métodos: Los aceites de canola se caracterizaron en cuanto a su perfil de ácidos grasos, composición de fitoesteroles y tocoferoles, contenido de fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante, según el modo de extracción (prensado en frío o en caliente) y antes y después de ser sometidos a un proceso de refinación. Resultados: Los perfiles de ácidos grasos no fueron significativamente diferentes en ninguno de los aceites de canola analizados. La refinación, pero no la extracción en caliente, condujo a una fuerte disminución de los fitoesteroles y tocoferoles. El prensado en caliente aumentó significativamente la cantidad de fenoles totales (3,1 veces) y la actividad antioxidante medida por ORAC (3,1 veces) y DPPH (8,3 veces) en comparación con la extracción en frío. Sin embargo, la concentración de fenoles y la capacidad antioxidante disminuyeron después del refinado. Conclusión: Los procesos de refinación deben ajustarse para reducir la pérdida de compuestos bioactivos en el aceite.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.
Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.
ABSTRACT
Abstract In order to ensure the timely and uninterrupted supply of medicinal plant raw materials, the methods of cultivation of plant cell cultures, namely, the production of plant root cultures, are relevant. In this paper, the geroprotective potential of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey root cultures is studied. They were cultured under in vitro conditions by transforming the rhizome (H. neglectum) and seed seedlings (P. ginseng) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. To identify the geroprotective potential, the antimicrobial disc-diffusion method and the antioxidant activity were analyzed by titration of KMnO4 extracts of plant root cultures. The qualitative and quantitative composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the course of the work, the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant root culture extracts was established. Biologically active substances contained in extracts of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb root crops and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey are characterized by geroprotective potential, so they can act as a source of natural antioxidants in the functional nutrition of the geroprotective orientation.
Resumo Para garantir o abastecimento em tempo e ininterrupto de matérias-primas de plantas medicinais, são relevantes os métodos de cultivo de culturas de células vegetais, nomeadamente a produção de culturas de raízes vegetais. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o potencial geroprotetor de culturas de raízes de Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb e Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Eles foram cultivados em condições in vitro pela transformação do rizoma (H. neglectum) e mudas de sementes (P. ginseng) com Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. Para identificar o potencial geroprotetor, o método antimicrobiano de difusão em disco e a atividade antioxidante foram analisados por titulação de extratos de KMnO4 de raízes de plantas. A composição qualitativa e quantitativa foi analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa. No decorrer do trabalho, foi constatada a presença de atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos extratos de raízes de plantas. Substâncias biologicamente ativas contidas em extratos de raízes de H. neglectum Ledeb e P. ginseng C. A. Mey são caracterizadas pelo potencial geroprotetor, podendo atuar como fonte de antioxidantes naturais na nutrição funcional da orientação geroprotetora.
ABSTRACT
Abstract This study explores the antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoids contents in the extracts of four locally available weeds plants namely Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium murale, Avena fatua and Phalaris minor with different solvents. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined via various in-vitro methods such as total antioxidant activity (TAA), reducing power (RP), DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Phytochemical screening was performed both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined through Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride methods respectively. Methanol-chloroform solvent showed the presence of a high amount of TPC in milligram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg of GAE/g of DW) in the extracts of all weeds. Their descending sequence was Avena fatua (74.09) Phalaris minor (65.66) Chenopodium murale (64.04) Convolvulus arvensis (61.905), while, chloroform solvent found to be best solvent for the extraction of TFC. Methanol-chloroform solvent was also found to be best solvent for TAA (Total antioxidant activity assay) which showed values in milligram of ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg of AAE /g of DW), for DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power (antioxidant activity) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides in these weeds.
Resumo Este estudo investiga a atividade antioxidante, a triagem fitoquímica, os teores de fenólicos totais e de flavonoides nos extratos de quatro plantas daninhas disponíveis localmente, quais sejam, Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium murale, Avena fatua e Phalaris minor com diferentes solventes. As atividades antioxidantes desses extratos foram determinadas por meio de vários métodos in vitro, tais como atividade antioxidante total (TAA), poder redutor (RP), sequestro de radicais livres DPPH (2,2-Difenil-1-Picril-hidrazil) e ensaios de sequestro de peróxido de hidrogênio. A triagem fitoquímica foi realizada tanto qualitativamente quanto quantitativamente. O teor de fenólicos totais (TPC) e o teor de flavonoides totais (TFC) foram determinados pelos métodos do reagente de Folin-Ciocalteu e do cloreto de alumínio, respectivamente. O solvente metanol-clorofórmio mostrou a presença de elevada quantidade de TPC em miligramas de ácido gálico equivalente por grama de peso seco (mg de GAE/g de DW) nos extratos de todas as plantas daninhas. Sua sequência descendente foi Avena fatua (74,09) Phalaris minor (65,66) Chenopodium murale (64,04) Convolvulus arvensis (61,905), enquanto o solvente clorofórmio foi o melhor solvente para a extração de TFC. O solvente metanol-clorofórmio também foi considerado o melhor solvente para AAT (ensaio de atividade antioxidante total), que apresentou valores em miligramas de equivalente de ácido ascórbico por grama de peso seco (mg de AAE/g de DW), para atividade sequestrante de DPPH, RP (atividade antioxidante) e atividade de sequestro de peróxido de hidrogênio. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de polifenóis, flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, alcaloides e glicosídeos nessas plantas daninhas.
ABSTRACT
In order to ensure the timely and uninterrupted supply of medicinal plant raw materials, the methods of cultivation of plant cell cultures, namely, the production of plant root cultures, are relevant. In this paper, the geroprotective potential of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey root cultures is studied. They were cultured under in vitro conditions by transforming the rhizome (H. neglectum) and seed seedlings (P. ginseng) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. To identify the geroprotective potential, the antimicrobial disc-diffusion method and the antioxidant activity were analyzed by titration of KMnO4 extracts of plant root cultures. The qualitative and quantitative composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the course of the work, the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant root culture extracts was established. Biologically active substances contained in extracts of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb root crops and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey are characterized by geroprotective potential, so they can act as a source of natural antioxidants in the functional nutrition of the geroprotective orientation.
Para garantir o abastecimento em tempo e ininterrupto de matérias-primas de plantas medicinais, são relevantes os métodos de cultivo de culturas de células vegetais, nomeadamente a produção de culturas de raízes vegetais. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o potencial geroprotetor de culturas de raízes de Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb e Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Eles foram cultivados em condições in vitro pela transformação do rizoma (H. neglectum) e mudas de sementes (P. ginseng) com Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. Para identificar o potencial geroprotetor, o método antimicrobiano de difusão em disco e a atividade antioxidante foram analisados por titulação de extratos de KMnO4 de raízes de plantas. A composição qualitativa e quantitativa foi analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa. No decorrer do trabalho, foi constatada a presença de atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos extratos de raízes de plantas. Substâncias biologicamente ativas contidas em extratos de raízes de H. neglectum Ledeb e P. ginseng C. A. Mey são caracterizadas pelo potencial geroprotetor, podendo atuar como fonte de antioxidantes naturais na nutrição funcional da orientação geroprotetora.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Plant Roots , Panax , Anti-Infective Agents , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.
Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Honey/analysis , Antioxidants , Phenols/analysis , Brazil , Coumaric AcidsABSTRACT
AIM To study the chemical constituents from the twigs of Aglaia perviridis Hiern and their total antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.METHODS The 95%ethanol extract from the twigs of A.perviridis were isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were evaluated by T-AOC kit and MTT assay,respectively.RESULTS Twenty-one compounds were isolated and identified as 3-epicotillol(1),syringic acid(2),palmitic acid(3),di-N-pentyl phthalate(4),ethyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(5),7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin(6),1-octanol(7),p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(8),(+)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),(+)-episyring-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),methy-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(11),koaburaside(12),byzantionoside B(13),quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(14),(2R,3R)-(+)-glucodistylin(15),(2S,3S)-(-)-glucodistylin(16),(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranosidede(18),(-)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(19),phlorizin(20),β-sitosterol(21).The total antioxidant capacity of compounds2,9-10,14-20 was 10.300-38.367 U/(mmol·L-1).The neuroprotective effects of compounds 2,10 and 17 were concentration-dependent,and the optimal concentrations of compounds 9 and 15 were 50,100 μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 2,9-10,14-20 have strong total antioxidant activities.Compounds 2,9-10,15,17 have neuroprotective activities.
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Objective To explore the antioxidant capacity of the volatile oil components of the Mongolian medicine Zhenbaowan and the mechanism of action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)by using bioinformatics technology,GC-MS technology,and antioxidant activity experiment.Methods The volatile oil in Zhenbaowan was extracted using water vapor distillation and the volatile oil components were qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS.Based on the results of GC-MS analysis,bioinfor-matics analysis was used to investigate the main components,key targets,and pathways of the volatile oil of Zhenbaowan in pre-venting and treating RA.Meanwhile,the antioxidant activity of the volatile oil was determined and analyzed using the 2,2-Diphen-yl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)method.Results A total of 115 volatile oil components were identified in Zhenbaowan,of which the top 48 components accounted for 97.66%of the total volatile oil content.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Zhenbaowan can regulate signal transduction,inflammation,and protein phosphorylation through 147 RA-related targets,and intervene in signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt,MAPK,and RAS.Molecular docking results showed that the seven main components of Zhenbaowan volatile oil can spontaneously bind to the five core targets.Antioxidant activity tests have proved that the volatile oil of Zhenbaowan has a more significant antioxidant capacity.Conclusion Using GC-MS high-throughput analysis technology combined with bioinformatic analysis and antioxidant activity test,the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of action of the volatile oil components of Zhenbaowan,a Mongolian medicine,in the treatment of RA are hypothesized.It provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the volatile oil components of Zhenbaowan.
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Objective Explore changes in polysaccharides in Jiangxiangru before and after ginger juice preparation,and evaluate polysaccharide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities before and after processing.Methods The contents of Jiangxiangru polysaccharide(JXRPs)and Ginger juice processed of Jiangxiangru polysaccharide(JZJXRPs)before and after processing were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method.We used the swelling model in rats and endotoxin(LPS)to establish the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage inflammation model.The optimal administration concentration was determined using a cell proliferation(MTT)assay.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to measure Interleukin-6(IL-6),Interleukin-12(IL-12),Nitric oxide(NO),Interleukin-4(IL-4),and Interleukin-10(IL-10).Bleeding time of mice by tail cutting was observed to evaluate the hemostatic effect.The ability to remove 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical(DPPH)and 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS)was used to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity.Results The contents of JXRPs and JZJXRPs were 13％and 22％,respectively.In swollen rats at 4 h after injection,compared with the model group,200 mg/kg JXRPs and 100 mg/kg JZJXRPs significantly reduced rat swelling(P＜0.05).In vitro anti-inflammation assessment showed that the polysaccharides before and after processing significantly inhibited secretion of IL-6,IL-12,and NO(P＜0.01)and promoted secretion of IL-4 and IL-10(P＜0.01),and also that processing post-effects were stronger.The hemostatic experiment show that,compared with the control group,JXRPs increased hemostasis,but without a significant difference,and no significant difference was found using JZJXRPs,although high doses showed a trend to increase hemostasis.In vitro antioxidant activity showed that JXRPs and JZJXRPs had different scavenging abilities for DPPH and ABTS with IC50 values of JXRPs of 0.2215 and 0.2110 mg/ml,respectively,and IC50 values of JZJXRPs of 0.1651 and 0.1884 mg/mL,respectively.Conclusions After Jiangxiangru is produced in ginger juice,it promotes dissolution of polysaccharides and increases polysaccharide content.Anti-inflammatory,hemostasis,and antioxidant capacities are stronger in JZJXRPS than JXRPS,which lays the foundation for follow-up research and clinical applications of JXRPS.
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@#Objective To optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves and explore the antioxidant effect of flavonoids on mouse epidermal stem cells.Methods The extraction process of flavonoids from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves was optimized by single factor experiment,including the liquid-solid ratio(15:1,20:1,25:1,30:1and 35:1),sodium hydroxide(NaOH) concentration(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8% and 1.0%),pH value(2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0and 4.5) and extraction temperature(60,65,70,75 and 80℃).Based on the results of single factor experiment,the optimal extraction process was determined by orthogonal test with the mass fraction of flavonoids as the evaluation index.CD49f~+/CD71~-mouse epidermal stem cells were isolated and cultivated by immunomagnetic bead method,and the effects of flavonoids on the cell relative viability and the contents of reduced glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected.Results The optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids were liquid-solid ratio of 30:1,0.6% NaOH,pH 4.5and extraction temperature of 75 ℃.Under these conditions,the average mass fraction of flavonoids extracted was 1.47%.Compared with the negative control group,when the flavonoids final concentration was 25 and 50 μg/mL,the cell relative viability increased significantly(F=1.427 and 13.747 respectively,each P <0.01);when the final concentration of flavonoids was 12.5,25 and 50 μg/mL,the content of GSH increased significantly(F=0.044,0.291 and 2.577 respectively,each P <0.05) and the content of MDA decreased significantly(F=3.568,4.909 and 1.400 respectively,each P <0.05).Conclusion The optimized extraction process of flavonoids from B.papyrifera leaves was stable and reliable,which is beneficial to the reuse of remaining stock solution after processing,and the extracted flavonoids can promote the proliferation of mouse epidermal stem cells and perform antioxidant activity.
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ObjectiveThe correlation of Pueraria lobata producing areas， climate factors， total flavonoids of P. lobata， polysaccharide content of P. lobata， and antioxidant activity of P.lobata for medicinal application was analyzed， and the relationship between climate factors and the formation of P. lobata quality was evaluated. MethodThe scavenging rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl（DPPH） and 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)（ABTS） radicals by total flavonoids and polysaccharides of P. lobata were detected， and the correlation between the contents of each component and the information of producing areas and climate factors was analyzed. ResultThe ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids of P.lobata was negatively correlated with altitude （P<0.05） and positively correlated with annual sunshine hours （P<0.05）. The altitude was positively correlated with the total flavonoid content， while the annual sunshine hours were negatively correlated with the total flavonoid content. There was a negative correlation between total flavonoid content and ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids. In other words， lower altitude and longer annual sunshine hours indicated lower total flavonoid content and higher ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids. The ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata was negatively correlated with the frost-free period （P<0.05） and the mean temperature in July （P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between the polysaccharide content of P. lobata and the frost-free period. The mean temperature in July was positively correlated with the polysaccharide content of P. lobata （P<0.05）. The polysaccharide content of P. lobata was negatively correlated with the ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata. In other words， a shorter frost-free period in the producing area and lower mean temperature in July indicated lower polysaccharide content of P. lobata and higher ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata. The mean temperature in July was significantly correlated with the contents of total flavonoids and polysaccharides in P. lobata samples （P<0.05）. The lower mean temperature in July was often accompanied by lower total flavonoid content of P. lobata， lower polysaccharide content of Pueraria lobata， and stronger antioxidant activity of P. lobata samples. ConclusionThe ability of P. lobata to remove ABTS+ is stronger than that of DPPH+. There is a significant correlation between climate factors， content， and antioxidant capacity in each producing area. Further research on the internal law of the formation of medicinal active components of P. lobata induced by core climate factors will provide a scientific basis for revealing the formation mechanism of genuine P. lobata and the subsequent control of P. lobata quality according to the environment of producing areas.
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For the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors, marine resources are a promising supply of organic substances. Marine organisms have evolved particular metabolites to combat threats to their survival, reproduction, and the easier storage, movement, and turnover of essential biological materials in habitats with extreme conditions like high salinity, low temperature, or intense pressure.Several newly conducted research studies on pigments, such as violacein, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, rubrolone, and carotenoid derivatives of bacteria from marine sources, confirm their effective radical scavenging activity. Carotenoids are tetraterpene, lipophilic bioactive pigments synthesized by archaea, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, and plants. Carotenoids are divided into two categories, oxygenated carotenoids (xanthophylls) having oxygen as a functional group, and hydrocarbon carotenoids (carotene) made of carbon and hydrogen atoms Carotenoids are important because of their functional properties, which include their usage in the food industry as color additives and natural antioxidants, as well as chemotaxonomic markers and pharmaceuticals. The present review aims to describe 1) carotenoids from marine bacteria 2) the antioxidant properties of carotenoids 3) the Exposure consequences of ultraviolet radiation 4) the protective role of carotenoids. Photoaging, sunburn, and skin cancer are all possible side effects of excessive UV exposure. Carotenoids have potential use in the pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industry as anti-aging, photoprotective, skin-whitening, anticancer, and immunity boosters because of their antioxidant and UV protection properties.
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A series of novel 3-(((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)thio)-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole derivatives (3a-3j) were synthesized by reacting different substituted 5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-thiols with substituted (2-chloromethyl)-1H-benzo(d)imidazoles in the presence of KOH and water in good yields. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and mass spectrometry. The in vitro antitubercular activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv (ATCC 27294) using MABA (Microplate Alamar Blue Assay) method. Compounds 3b, 3c, and 3i showed good antitubercular activity against Mtb with MIC value of 6.25±0.00 ?g/ml. Also, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the compounds were evaluated against various bacterial and fungal strains using the two-fold serial dilution technique and most of the compounds exhibited moderate activities with MIC values in the range of 63.33±1.44 to >500
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Objective: The target of this appraisal was to explore the impacts of various cooking techniques, for example, boiling and microwave cooking on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, Viburnum foetidum, Houttuynia cordata, Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis, widely consumed by the common individuals of the North-Eastern area of India.Methods: The antioxidant activities of the plants were determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power capacity, estimation of total phenolic content, flavonoid content and flavonol content.Results: Total phenolics content (TPC) of fresh vegetables ranged from 108.28 to 253.99 mg/100 g (as gallic acid equivalent) on a dry weight basis. Total antioxidant capacity of fresh plants (IC50 mg dry extract) determined by DPPH and ABTS ranged from 0.37-1.23 and 0.29-0.89, respectively. Boiling caused the highest losses of TPC, resulting in a reduction of the TPC on dry weight (DW) basis ranging from 9.37% in O. linearis up to 25.97% in Z. acanthopodium whereas microwave cooking enhanced TPC ranging from 4.09% to 10.38%. Similarly, boiling treatment decreased the DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 10.65 to 29.77% and ABTS radical scavenging activities ranging from 5.88-16.35%, whereas microwave cooking increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities ranging from 8.02-24.20% and 9.86 to 19.70% respectively, in the studied plants.Conclusion: The results suggest that the best cooking method for increasing the concentration of polyphenols and antioxidants was microwave cooking while boiling was the least recommended method.