Nitric oxide brings innate immune resistance to M. tuberculosis infection among high-risk household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS are crucial host factors in innate immunity against intracellular pathogens. However, the role of NO in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection in humans remains controversial, unlike in the murine model of TB. To investigate this, levels of NO, iNOS, and L-arginine, as well as the NOS2A gene polymorphism rs57234985 at the promoter region of NOS2A, were evaluated in pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and their household contacts (HHCs). Increased levels of NO and iNOS expression in HHCs indicated exposure to M. tb infection which was confirmed by higher levels of iNOS and NO in Mantoux-positive individuals. Furthermore, higher levels of arginine were detected in HHCs, suggesting its potential role in promoting optimal NO synthesis. PTB patients had higher levels of these analytes due to ongoing active infection. Interestingly, iNOS and NO levels were inversely related to bacterial burden, suggesting their antimicrobial role. NOS2A gene polymorphism was found to be associated with disease susceptibility, with the TT genotype linked to increased iNOS expression. To conclude, iNOS plays a crucial role in controlling early M. tb infection in HHCs by inducing optimal NO production with help of L-arginine. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the role of these host factors upon disease activation.

Uso de vasopresina en el postoperatorio de cirugía de Fontan: inferencias sobre morbimortalidad / Vasopressin use in postoperative Fontan surgery: implications for morbidity and mortality

Introducción: Se ha postulado que el uso de vasopresina tendría efectos beneficiosos en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta a la vasopresina en el postoperatorio (POP) de cirugía de Fontan de nuestra población. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes con cirugía de Fontan entre 2014 y 2019. Se registraron variables demográficas, datos del cateterismo pre-Fontan, días de asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM), necesidad de inotrópicos, diuréticos, diálisis, dieta hipograsa, octreotide, sildenafil y nutrición parenteral total (NPT); balance de fluidos al primer y segundo día POP, necesidad de cateterismo en el POP, días de permanencia de tubo pleural, días de internación, necesidad de reinternación y mortalidad. Se compararon los grupos con y sin vasopresina utilizando la prueba de Mann- Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Se consideró significativa una p < 0.05. Resultados: Del total analizado, 35 pacientes recibieron vasopresina. En el grupo control fueron 58 pacientes con características similares de gravedad sin vasopresina. No se encontraron diferencias en la evolución postoperatoria entre ambos grupos. El grupo con vasopresina recibió en mayor proporción dieta hipograsa. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie el uso de vasopresina no marcó diferencias significativas en términos de morbimortalidad con relación al grupo control (AU)

Introduction: The use of vasopressin has been suggested to have beneficial effects in the postoperative period after cardiovascular surgery. Objective: To evaluate the response to vasopressin in the postoperative period (POP) of Fontan surgery in our population. Methods: Nested case-control study in a retrospective cohort. Patients who underwent Fontan surgery between 2014 and 2019 were included. Demographic variables, pre-Fontan catheterization data, days of mechanical ventilation (MRA), need for inotropics, diuretics, dialysis, low-fat diet, octreotide, sildenafil and total parenteral nutrition (TPN); fluid balance at first and second day POP, need for catheterization at POP, duration of chest tube drainage, days of hospitalization, need for readmission, and mortality were recorded. Groups with and without vasopressin were compared using the Mann-Whitney- Wilcoxon test. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of all patients analyzed, 35 received vasopressin. The control group consisted of 58 patients with similar severity characteristics who did not receive vasopressin. No differences were found in the postoperative outcome between the two groups. The vasopressin group received a higher proportion of low-fat diet. Conclusions: In our series the use of vasopressin did not show significant differences in terms of morbidity and mortality compared to the control group (AU)

Correlation between psychiatric symptoms and semi-essential amino acid levels in patients with schizophrenia / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To elucidate the possible role of arginine and histidine in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by exploring the serum levels of semi-essential amino acids (arginine and histidine) in patients with schizophrenia and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms. 【Methods】 We selected 72 inpatients with schizophrenia admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from March 2021 to October 2022 and 72 healthy volunteers enrolled in Yanta Community during the same period as the research subjects. Serum arginine and histidine levels were measured in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls using serum liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We used the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) to evaluate the mental symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and analyzed the correlation of serum arginine and histidine levels with disease course, frequency of onset, and PANSS score. 【Results】 The levels of serum arginine (P<0.001) and histidine (P=0.011) in the schizophrenia group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of serum arginine and histidine were significantly negatively correlated with the frequency of onset (rs=-0.410, rs=-0.262), total score of PANSS (rs=-0.298, rs=-0.256), positive factors (rs=-0.299, rs=-0.234) and cognitive impairment factors (rs=-0.251, rs=-0.296). In addition, serum arginine levels had significantly negative correlation with anxiety and depression factors (rs=-0.269, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The serum levels of arginine and histidine in patients with schizophrenia are significantly lower than those in healthy individuals, and are negatively correlated with overall mental symptoms, severity of positive symptoms and cognitive impairment. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms is negatively correlated with arginine levels. The detection of serum arginine and histidine can provide reference for the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of schizophrenia in the future.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of polylactic acid nanoparticles containing arginine and glucose oxidase / 药学学报

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) has a short half-life, low bioavailability, poor tumor targeting and systemic adverse reactions in the physiological environment. In this study, phacoemulsification and nano-precipitation were used to synthesize didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB)/polylactic acid nanoparticles (PLA), then L-arginine (L-Arg) and glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded nanoparticles (GADP) were prepared, and the in vitro antitumor activity was investigated．The particle size, potential, embedding rate and the ability to produce H2O2/NO of the nanoparticles were investigated. Meanwhile, in vitro cell cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells (HepG2) was evaluated．The results showed that the prepared L-Arg-DDAB/PLA (ADP) nanoparticles were spherical particles. And the particle size and zeta potential were (225.7 ± 6.33) nm and (+23.5 ± 0.12) mV, respectively. The adsorption rate of GOx was 87.23% ± 0.02%. The drug loading of L-Arg was 15.6% ± 0.22%. The pH value of glucose solution and the amount of H2O2 showed that GADP had good catalytic activity. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments showed that blank nanoparticles were nontoxic, while the drug-loaded nanoparticles presented enhanced antitumor effect on HepG2 cells. And can inhibit tumor cell migration. The low dose nano-scale NO delivery system GADP can effectively inhibit the migration of tumor cells and kill tumor cells, thus producing therapeutic benefits.

The effects of arginine on the properties of ClinproTM pit and fissure sealant / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of arginine on the mechanic properties of Clinpro? pit and fissure sealant.Methods:Experimental pit and fissure sealants were formulated with arginine at 3％,5％,and 10％(Arg3,Arg5 and Arg10)respectively added into ClinproTM,the surface microhardness(SMH),degree of conversion(DC)and microleakage of the samples were investigated.The morphology of different pit and fissure sealants after curing were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The concentration of arginine released at different time points were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Results:The SMH and DC was not statistically different among the groups,the microleakage level in Arg 10 group was higher than that in other groups(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference among other groups.There were some aggregation of arginine particles in modified agents under SEM.The Arg5 showed a significantly higher release rate of arginine at any time point than Arg3 in 24 hours(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Incorporation of 5％arginine does not affect the physical and mechanical properties of ClinproTM pit and fissure sealant and exhibites good arginine release ability.

Various arginine configurations-modified chitosan hydrogels promote skin wound repair / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Clinical skin wound healing continues to be a significant concern,and tissue repair research has moved to the forefront with the development of biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties.Therefore,it is crucial to research wound dressings that have immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE:To prepare chitosan hydrogels that have been modified by arginine with different configurations and assess their capacity to speed up wound healing in a rat animal model. METHODS:(1)In vitro trial:Chitosan modified by pure L-arginine,pure D-arginine,and L-arginine and D-arginine was synthesized by EDC/NHS system,which was then crosslinked with aldehyde-modified four-arm polyethylene glycol.Different chitosan-based hydrogels(CS-L,CS-D,and CS-DL)were finally formed via the Schiff base reaction.Three kinds of hydrogel extracts were co-cultured with fibroblasts respectively.Hydrogel cytocompatibility was assessed using the CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining.The effect of hydrogel on the migration capacity of fibroblasts was assessed by using a scratch test.Three kinds of hydrogels were incubated with rat erythrocyte suspension respectively to evaluate the hemocompatibility of the hydrogels.The hydrogel extract was co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages to test the hydrogels'capacity to enhance macrophage NO generation and polarize macrophage phenotype.(2)In vivo experiment:A total of 36 adult SD rats were divided into 4 groups with 9 rats in each group by the random number table method.Two full-layer skin defect wounds of 2 cm×2 cm were made on the back of each rat.Normal saline was added to the wounds of the control group,and corresponding hydrogel was added to the wounds of the CS-L,CS-D,and CS-DL groups,respectively,and then bandaged and fixed.The wound healing was observed regularly after operation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed at 3,10,and 21 days after operation.The samples were collected 10 days after operation and M2 macrophage immunofluorescence staining was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiments:Under scanning electron microscopy,the three kinds of hydrogels exhibited obvious interpenetrating network structures with pore sizes ranging from 70-200 μm.The three kinds of hydrogels have good swelling performance,degradation performance,self-healing performance,and suitable mechanical strength.The three kinds of hydrogels had good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility and could promote the migration of fibroblasts.All three kinds of hydrogels had the ability to promote the polarization of macrophages,and CS-D hydrogels had the strongest ability to promote the polarization of macrophages.CS-L hydrogel could significantly promote the production of NO in macrophages.(2)In vivo experiment:3 and 10 days after operation,the wound healing rate in the CS-L and CS-D groups was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After 21 days,the wound healing rate of the three hydrogel groups was higher than that of the control group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining displayed that a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the wound tissue of rats in all groups,accompanied by neovessels and fibroblasts 3 days after operation.10 days after operation,there was still more inflammatory cell infiltration in the wound of the control group,and the inflammation of the other three groups was improved,especially the decrease of inflammatory cells in the CS-D group was more obvious.21 days after operation,the wound epithelium of each group was well repaired,and there was basically no inflammatory cell infiltration in the CS-L and CS-D groups,while there was still a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the control group.Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the number of M2-type macrophages in the CS-D group was higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05).(3)The results conclude that chitosan hydrogels modified by different configurations of arginine can promote wound healing through different mechanisms.

Preparation and characteristics comparison of three acute pancreatitis rat models / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Establishing a stable and reliable animal model of acute pancreatitis is of great significance for understanding its pathogenesis,pathophysiological characteristics,and clinical medication.Domestic and foreign studies have shown that cerulein,L-arginine,and sodium taurocholate can induce acute pancreatitis,but their pathophysiological characteristics and model characteristics are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To establish an acute pancreatitis rat model using cerulein,L-arginine,and sodium taurocholate and to observe the changing patterns of model features at different time points. METHODS:Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,cerulein group,L-arginine group,and sodium taurocholate group,with 24 rats in each group.Within each group,there were three subgroups(n=8 per group):12-,24-,and 48-hour subgroups.Cerulein was administered via intraperitoneal injection six times with a 1-hour interval.L-arginine was administered through two intraperitoneal injections with a 1-hour interval.Sodium taurocholate was injected for inducing acute pancreatitis models through retrograde injection into the bile-pancreatic duct.By examining the rat survival rate,gross morphology of the pancreas,calculating the pancreatic organ index,and measuring levels of amylase,lipase,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine,as well as observing pancreatic tissue pathological features through hematoxylin-eosin staining and conducting a pancreatic injury scoring,we evaluated the changing patterns of model features at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group,the overall survival rate of rats was 100%in the cerulein group,88%in the L-arginine group,and 96%in the sodium taurocholate group.The pancreatic organ index was increased in all groups.Gross observation indicated that,In the cerulein group,pancreatic edema,blurred lobes,and looseness were visible.In the L-arginine group,the pancreatic glands were enlarged and thickened with patchy bleeding.In the sodium taurocholate group,pancreatic tissue showed varying degrees of congestion and edema accompanied by scattered flakes of hemorrhage and necrosis.The levels of serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,amylase,and lipase in rats exhibited consistent changes.In the cerulein group,these parameters possibly peaked at 12 hours(P<0.05)and then showed a declining trend.In the L-arginine group,they reached the highest levels at 24 hours(P<0.05)and significantly decreased at 48 hours.In the sodium taurocholate group,serum amylase and lipase remained at higher levels at 12 hours with a slow decline trend(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group,microscopic examination revealed mild acinar edema and widened interlobular spaces in the cerulein group,with a higher presence of inflammatory cells.In the L-arginine group,there was widening of interlobular spaces,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells,and patchy necrotic areas.In the sodium taurocholate group,significant pancreatic edema,structural disarray,extensive necrotic foci,and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed.Compared with the normal group,the pathological scores of induced acute pancreatitis in all three models were significantly different at each time point(P<0.05).Moreover,the pathological scores in each group increased over time,indicating a gradual worsening of pancreatic tissue damage.When comparing different models at the same time,there were differences in pathological scores,with the sodium taurocholate group having the highest scores,followed by the L-arginine group,and the cerulein group having the lowest scores.Analyzing the three models at the same time point,the most severe condition was in the sodium taurocholate group,which was characterized by pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis,followed by the L-arginine group,which was characterized by necrosis,and the least severe condition was in the cerulein group,mainly characterized by edema.The serum biochemical index levels of the cerulein and L-arginine groups decreased at 48 hours,indicating that these two models may have a tendency to self-heal and belong to a self-limiting disease course.The serum biochemical index levels of the sodium taurocholate group decreased slowly after 12 hours.Therefore,pancreatic injury in the sodium taurocholate group might not be relieved after 48 hours or longer.

Correlation of serum HP and ADMA levels with prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the changes in serum HP and ADMA levels in patients with ACI and the correlation of their levels with recanalization after venous thrombolysis and poor prognosis.Methods A total of 260 ACI patients undergoing venous thrombolysis in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively recruited,and were categorized into reper-fusion group(n=196)and non-reperfusion group(n=64)based on the efficacy of thrombolysis.After a 90-day follow-up,they were further divided into good prognosis group(n=159)and poor prognosis group(n=101)according to the results of a modified Rankin scale.Serum levels of HP and ADMA at admission were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for non-reperfusion and poor prognosis in ACI patients.ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of serum HP and ADMA levels for non-reperfusion and the diagnostic efficiency for poor prognosis in ACI patients.Results The non-reperfusion group exhibited notably elevated serum HP and ADMA levels than the reperfusion group(2.10±0.21 g/Lvs1.29±0.31 g/L,1.68±0.19 μmol/L vs 0.69±0.11 μmol/L,P＜0.01).HP and ADMA were identified as significant risk factors for uncanalization after treatment(P＜0.01).The AUC value of their combination in diagnosing uncanalization after venous thrombolys-is was 0.869(95％CI:0.830-0.908).Furthermore,significantly higher serum levels of HP and ADMA were observed in the poor prognosis group than the good prognosis group(2.27±0.19 g/L vs 1.15±0.34 g/L,1.72±0.21 μmol/L vs 0.64±0.10 μmol/L,P＜0.01).HP and ADMA were also recognized as influencing factors for poor prognosis in 90 d after treatment(P＜0.01).The AUC value was 0.816(95％CI:0.768-0.865)when their combination was used to predict poor prognosis in 90 d after treatment.Conclusion HP and ADMA are highly expressed in the se-rum of ACI patients with failed venous thrombolysis and poor prognosis.Their combined detec-tion can effectively predict both uncanalization and poor prognosis.

Effect of adding arginine at different concentrations to experimental orthodontic resins: an in vitro study

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding arginine at different concentrations to commercial and experimental orthodontic resins on shear bond strength (SBS), as well as on the antimicrobial activity of arginine against S. mutans. Metal brackets were bonded onto the surface of 120 bovine incisors using Transbond, OrthoCem, and an experimental resin (ER), adding 0, 2.5, 5, and 7 wt.% of arginine. The SBS test was performed in deionized water at 37 ºC for 24 h, at 0.5 mm/min. SBS test results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). CFU/mL data (antimicrobial assessment) were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). No statistical difference between the resins was observed in untreated groups (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine at 2.5% (27.7 MPa) and 5% (29.0 MPa) increased the SBS of Transbond when compared (p < 0.05) to OrthoCem (18.5 and 15.6 MPa, respectively) and ER (16.3 and 18.1 MPa, respectively). Arginine at 7% improved the SBS of Transbond (24.1 MPa) and ER (21.0 MPa), which was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than OrthoCem (12.6 MPa). OrthoCem did not show a statistically significant difference at the three concentrations of arginine (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine to resins reduced the count of S. mutans (p < 0.05). As for ER, all concentrations of arginine significantly decreased CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Among commercial resins, only 7% of arginine significantly reduced CFU/mL. The addition of arginine did not interfere with the bond strength and demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. mutans.

Pre-absorptive satiety: relevance of anticipatory mechanisms care for patients with thirst / Satisedad preabsorpiva: relevancia de los mecanismos anticipadores para la atención al paciente con sed / Saciedade pré-absortiva: relevância dos mecanismos antecipatórios para a assistência ao paciente com sede

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the physiological aspects involved in pre-absorptive thirst satiety based on advances in neurophysiology and their applicability to healthcare. Method: this is a reflective study that compiles physiological phenomena related to the form of satiety, describing the neurophysiological pathway for pre-absorptive thirst satiety. Results: the anticipatory mechanisms involved in thirst inhibition are related to thermoreceptors, osmoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, gastric and cognitive mechanisms. The use of cold temperature is key to pre-absorptive satiety, as its stimuli are transmitted to the cortical and limbic regions, providing a sensation of pleasantness, gratification and pleasure. In this way, individuals reach pre-absorptive thirst satiety in a few minutes. Conclusion: liquid or solid contents at a cold temperature help to achieve pre-absorptive thirst satiety, as they activate mechanisms that anticipate intake inhibition. This innovative path should be used intentionally for patients who experience prolonged water restriction, as they do not depend on the absorption of liquids by the gastrointestinal tract.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los aspectos fisiológicos involucrados en la saciedad de la sed preabsortiva a partir de los avances en neurofisiología y su aplicabilidad al cuidado de la salud. Método: estudio reflexivo, que recopila los fenómenos fisiológicos relacionados con la forma de saciar la sed, describiendo el camino neurofisiológico hacia la saciedad preabsortiva de la sed. Resultados: los mecanismos anticipatorios implicados en la inhibición de la sed están relacionados con termorreceptores, osmorreceptores, mecanorreceptores, mecanismos gástricos y cognitivos. El uso de la temperatura fría es la clave para la saciedad preabsortiva, ya que sus estímulos se transmiten a las regiones corticales y límbicas, confiriendo una sensación de agrado, gratificación y placer. De esta manera, el individuo consigue saciar la sed mediante preabsorción en unos pocos minutos. Conclusión: los contenidos líquidos o sólidos a temperaturas frías ayudan a conseguir la saciedad preabsortiva de la sed, ya que activan mecanismos que anticipan la inhibición de la ingesta. Esta vía innovadora debe utilizarse intencionalmente en pacientes que experimentan restricción de agua durante un período prolongado, ya que son independientes de la absorción de líquidos a través del tracto gastrointestinal.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os aspectos fisiológicos envolvidos na saciedade pré-absortiva da sede baseados em avanços na neurofisiologia e sua aplicabilidade para a assistência de saúde. Método: estudo reflexivo, que compila os fenômenos fisiológicos relacionados a forma de saciar, descrevendo o caminho neurofisiológico para a Saciedade Pré-absortiva da sede Resultados: Os mecanismos antecipatórios envolvidos para inibição da sede relacionam-se com termorreceptores, osmorreceptores, mecanorreceptores, mecanismos gástricos e cognitivos. A utilização da temperatura fria é a chave para a saciedade pré-absortiva, pois seus estímulos são transmitidos às regiões corticais e límbicas conferindo sensação de agradabilidade, gratificação e prazer. Dessa forma, o indivíduo alcança a saciedade pré-absortiva da sede em poucos minutos. Conclusão: Conteúdos líquidos ou sólidos em temperatura fria auxiliam no alcance da saciedade pré-absortiva da sede, pois ativam mecanismos que antecipam a inibição da ingestão. Este caminho inovador deve ser utilizado com intencionalidade para pacientes que experienciam a restrição hídrica por tempo prolongado, pois independem da absorção de líquidos pelo trato gastrintestinal.

Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con afectación hipofisaria, seguimiento endocrinológico en paciente adulto: a propósito de un caso / Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pituitary involvement, endocrinological follow-up in an adult patient: a case report

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (HCL) es una rara afección histiocítica que se distingue por el crecimiento excesivo de células del sistema fagocítico mononuclear (macrófagos, células dendríticas, monocitos) en diversos órganos y sistemas. La afectación de la glándula hipófiisis se reporta en 5-50% de los pacientes con HCL, lo más frecuente la deficiencia de arginina vasopresina en 50% de los casos. Una minoria también presenta disfunción de hormonas de la adenohipófisis. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 33 años, diagnosticado de HCL en contexto de infecciones óticas a repetición, con tratamiento quimioterápico hasta en 3 ocasiones por recidiva tumoral. En el seguimiento se evidencia deficiencia de arginina-vasopresina. Asimismo, se diagnostica panhipopituitarismo. Nos enfocaremos en la definición, fisiopatología, epidemiología, y cómo realizar el seguimiento endocrinológico en pacientes adultos con HCL. La afectación de la hipófisis puede resultar un desafío diagnóstico. Es fundamental reconocer esta manifestación clínica para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado, ya que sin tratamiento el paciente puede enfrentar un riesgo vital.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disorder characterized by the excessive proliferation of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system (macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes) in various organs and systems. Pituitary gland involvement is reported in 5-50% of patients with LCH, with the most common issue being arginine vasopressin deficiency in 50% of cases. A minority also present with adenohypophysis hormone dysfunction. We present the case of a 33-year-old male patient diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in the context of recurrent ear infections, with chemotherapy treatment administered up to three times due to tumor relapse. Follow-up reveals arginine-vasopressin deficiency. Additionally, the patient is diagnosed with panhypopituitarism. We will focus on the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and how to conduct endocrinological follow-up in adult patients with LCH. Pituitary gland involvement can pose a diagnostic challenge. Recognizing this clinical manifestation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, as untreated patients may face life-threatening risks.

Sublethal Effects of Chitosan-O-Arginine, a Chitosan Based Insecticidal Compound against Green Lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen)

The widespread application of synthetic chemicals leads to the unintended negative impact to non-target organisms both directly or indirectly, as these chemicals can infiltrate new environments, disrupting established ecological niches. Laboratory experiments explored the effects of sublethal doses of Cs-O-Arg to the third instar grubs of Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi when fed with treated and untreated larvae of diamondback moth (DBM). The results showed that when the untreated third instar C. zastrowi sillemi grub was fed with treated P. xylostella larvae at LC25, LC35 and LC45 concentrations, there was 6.67 per cent mortality of C zastrowi sillemi grub at all the concentrations, after 48 and 72 hours of exposure. but, when the treated C. zastrowi sillemi grubs (LC35 and LC45) were fed with untreated P. xylostella, there was only 3.33 and 10.00 per cent mortality of C. zastrowi sillemi grubs, respectively. Whereas, Cs-O-Arg caused 33.33 per cent mortality when LC45 treated grubs were provided with LC45 treated DBM larvae as feed, whereas the treatment with LC25 concentrations of Cs-O-Arg resulted in the highest pupation percentage (76.67%) and adult emergence rate (73.33%) in C. zastrowi sillemi grubs when fed with DBM larvae treated with the same concentration. Chitosan derivative insecticide causes a mild adverse impact on the survival of the economically significant insect predator C. zastrowi sillemi, which hold valuable implications for guiding decisions regarding the compatible utilization of insecticides alongside C. zastrowi sillemi or other natural predators within integrated pest management strategies.

cAMP-Epac1 signaling is activated in DDAVP-induced endolymphatic hydrops of guinea pigs

Abstract Objective To explore whether Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)-Epac1 signaling is activated in 1-Desamino-8-D-arginine-Vasopressin-induced Endolymphatic Hydrops (DDAVP-induced EH) and to provide new insight for further in-depth study of DDAVP-induced EH. Methods Eighteen healthy, red-eyed guinea pigs (36 ears) weighing 200-350 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, which received intraperitoneal injection of sterile saline (same volume as that in the other two groups) for 7 consecutive days; the DDAVP-7d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/mL/kg DDAVP for 7 consecutive days; and the DDAVP-14d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg/mL/kg DDAVP for 14 consecutive days. After successful modeling, all animals were sacrificed, and cochlea tissues were collected to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-1 and 2 (Epac1, Epac2), and Repressor Activator Protein-1 (Rap1) by Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Compared to the control group, the relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Epac2, Rap1A, and Rap1B in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-7d group was significantly higher (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Rap1 GTPase activating protein (Rap1gap) mRNA expression was found between the two groups. The relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Rap1A, Rap1B, and Rap1gap in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-14d group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Epac2 mRNA expression was found between the DDAVP-14d and control groups. Comparison between the DDAVP-14d and DDAVP-7d groups showed that the DDAVP-14d group had significantly lower Epac2 and Rap1A (p< 0.05) and higher Rap1gap (p < 0.05) mRNA expression in the cochlea tissue than that of the DDAVP-7d group, while no significant differences in Epac1 and Rap1B mRNA expression were found between the two groups. Western blotting showed that Epac1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-14d group, followed by that in the DDAVP-7d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); Rap1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-7d group, followed by the DDAVP-14d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); no significant differences in Epac2 protein expression in the cochlea tissue were found among the three groups. Conclusion DDAVP upregulated Epac1 protein expression in the guinea pig cochlea, leading to activation of the inner ear cAMP-Epac1 signaling pathway. This may be an important mechanism by which DDAVP regulates endolymphatic metabolism to induce EH and affect inner ear function. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence Level 5.

Cystinuria: A rare cause of bladder stone

VCystinuria is an inherited metabolic disorder progressing with recurrent kidney stones due to impaired reabsorption of dibasic amino acids and arises from mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 on chromosome 2. Here, we present the case of a 1-year 10-month-old male child with recurrent episodes of urinary tract infections. On evaluation, duplex kidneys and a large bladder calculus were found which was surgically managed. Stone analysis and the genetic study were suggestive of cystinuria.

The relationship between reduced choroidal thickness due to high plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine level and increased severity of diabetic retinopathy / Altos níveis de dimetil-arginina assimétrica no plasma podem aumentar a gravidade da retinopatia diabética através da redução da espessura da coroide

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between subfoveal choroidal thickness and plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine level and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 68 cases, including 15 patients without diabetic retinopathy, 17 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 20 healthy patients (control group), were enrolled in this study. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured manually using the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography scanning program, and plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine level was measured using a commercial micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The subfoveal choroidal thickness values and plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine levels were significantly different between the four groups (p<0.001 and p<0.001). The subfoveal choroidal thickness values were significantly lower in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group than in the other three groups (no diabetic retinopathy, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and control groups; p<0.001, p=0.045, and p<0.001, respectively). The plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine levels were significantly higher in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group than in the other three groups (p<0.001, p<0.04, and p<0.001, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation was also found between plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine level and subfoveal choroidal thickness (p<0.001, r=-0.479). Conclusion: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine is an important marker of endothelial dysfunction and endogenous endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was related to increased plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine level and reduced subfoveal choroidal thickness in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação da espessura subfoveal da coroide e dos níveis plasmáticos de dimetil-arginina assimétrica com a gravidade da retinopatia diabética em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Foram incluídos 68 casos, compreendendo 15 pacientes sem retinopatia diabética, 17 pacientes com retinopatia diabética não proliferativa, 16 pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa, e 20 casos saudáveis (grupo de controle). A espessura subfoveal da coroide foi medida manualmente, usando o programa de varredura com tomografia computadorizada óptica com imagem profunda aprimorada, e os níveis plasmáticos de dimetil-arginina assimétrica foram medidos usando um kit microELISA comercial. Resultados: Os valores da espessura subfoveal da coroide e os níveis plasmáticos de dimetil-arginina assimétrica foram significativamente diferentes nos quatro grupos (p<0,001 para ambos os parâmetros). Os valores da espessura subfoveal da coroide foram significativamente menores no grupo com retinopatia diabética proliferativa do que nos outros três grupos (sem retinopatia diabética, retinopatia diabética não proliferativa e grupo de controle, com p<0,001, p=0,045 e p<0,001, respectivamente). Já os níveis plasmáticos de dimetil-arginina assimétrica foram significativamente maiores no grupo com retinopatia diabética proliferativa do que nos outros três grupos (p<0,001, p=0,04 e p<0,001, respectivamente). Além disso, também foi encontrada uma correlação negativa significativa entre os níveis plasmáticos de dimetil-arginina assimétrica e a espessura subfoveal da coroide (p<0,001, r=-0,479). Conclusão: A dimetil-arginina assimétrica é um importante marcador de disfunção endotelial e um inibidor endógeno da óxido nítrico sintase. Foi encontrada uma relação da gravidade da retinopatia diabética e de níveis elevados de dimetil-arginina assimétrica no plasma com a redução da espessura subfoveal da coroide em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 com retinopatia diabética.

Inhibition of histone methyltransferase PRMT5 attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss through the PI3K/Akt-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway / 药物分析学报

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting protein arginine methyltransferase 5(PRMT5)in cisplatin-induced hearing loss.The effects of PRMT5 inhibition on cisplatin-induced auditory injury were determined using immunohistochemistry,apoptosis assays,and auditory brainstem response.The mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition on hair cell survival was assessed using RNA-seq and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagment-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(CUT&Tag-qPCR)analyses in the HEI-OC1 cell line.Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced damage to hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea and decreased apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function and preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species.CUT&Tag-qPCR analysis demonstrated that inhibition of PRMT5 in HEI-OC1 cells reduced the accumulation of H4R3me2s/H3R8me2s marks at the promoter region of the Pik3ca gene,thus activating the expression of Pik3ca.These findings suggest that PRMT5 inhibitors have strong potential as agents against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and can lay the foundation for further research on treatment strategies of hearing loss.

Congenital renal diabetes insipidus caused by aquaporin 2 gene mutation in siblings: 2 cases report and literature review / 中国综合临床

Objective:To improve clinicians' understanding of congenital nephrogenital diabetes insipidus (CNDI) and to reduce missed and misdiagnosis. Methords 　Based on the literature, the clinical data and gene mutation of 2 patients with CNDI who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology on July 30, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results:(1) The presentee, 4 years old, had irritable thirst, polydipsia and polyuria for more than 3 years. The sister, 2.5 years old, had irritable thirst, polydipsia and polyuria for more than 2 years. The clinical diagnosis was “CNDI”, and the symptoms improved after treatment with hydrochlorothiazide. (2) The genetic test revealed that the congenital nephrogenic uremia and her sister had a heterozygous mutation of c.170A>C (p.Q57P) and c.211G>A (p.Vl71M) in the aquaporin-2 gene, and the mother carried the AQP2 gene. c.170A>C(p.Q57P) mutation.Conclusion:CNDI is a rare disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis of patients to the greatest extent, and prenatal diagnosis can guide eugenics.

Role of arginine vasopressin in the regulation of sleep-arousal，anxiety and depression / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Arginine vasopressin （AVP），also known as antidiuretic hormone，is a highly conserved neuropeptide secreted by the supraoptic or paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and has complex physiological functions. This article reviews the physiological properties of AVP and elaborates on the possible involvement of AVP in sleep-arousal regulation via the hypothalamic orexinergic and noradrenergic systems and the role of AVP in maintaining circadian homeostasis by facilitating intercellular coupling of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons，as well as the potential role of AVP in the regulation of anxiety and depression.

Mechanism of the effect of arginine on radiosensitization of metastatic brain tumors / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial malignancies, and radiotherapy is an effective treatment of controlling the localized lesions. However, conventional radiotherapy techniques have their own shortcomings that limit the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Metastatic brain tumors are highly likely to recur or progress after treatment. Clinical studies have shown that arginine can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and subsequently improve the radiosensitization of metastatic brain tumors. In this article, the mechanisms underlying the effect of arginine on the radiosensitization of metastatic brain tumors by inhibition of tumor glycolytic metabolism, reduction of DNA damage repair and alteration of tumor hemodynamic parameters were reviewed, aiming to provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of brain metastases.

The role of neutrophil extracellular trap in the diagnosis and treatment of complications after liver transplantation / 器官移植

Prevention and treatment of complications after liver transplantation play a significant role in maintaining liver graft function and improving clinical prognosis of the recipients. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) are fibrous net-like structures composed of DNA as the skeleton and histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. Studies have shown that the activation of neutrophils and the release of NET in donor liver after liver transplantation are involved in the incidence of multiple liver transplantation-related complications including ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, acute liver failure and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. In this article, the effect of NET on the complications after liver transplantation was mainly assessed, and research progress on NET as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of complications after liver transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of complications after liver transplantation, enhance clinical efficacy of liver transplantation and improve clinical prognosis of the recipients.