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Objective To investigate the curative effect of bone plate screw external fixation minimally invasive treatment assisted with 3-dimensional printing extraposition mold in distal radius fractures.Methods The clinical and follow up data in 15 cases of distal radius fractures treated by bone plate screw ex-ternal fixation minimally invasive treatment assisted with 3-dimensional printing extraposition mold were ret-rospectively analyzed.The volar inclination angle,ulnar deviation angle,radius length at the time of before surgery,immediately after surgery,and 2 years after surgery were measured,by using standard anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films,as well as the wrist jiont flexion extension motion and dorsal extension motion at the time of 2 years after surgery were measured by using protractor.The grip strength of the hand 2 years after surgery was measured by using grip strength meter.Visual Analog Scale(VAS)score was used to evaluate the pain level or wrist joint before and 2 years after surgery;Gartland Werley score was used to evaluate the wrist joint function 2 years after surgery.Results The follow-up lasted for 24.0-33.0 months with an aver-age of 26.5 months.The Gartland-Werley scores were excellent in 12 cases,good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case 2 years after surgery.The wrist joint flexion motion was(52.0±11.7)°,the wrist joint dorsal extension motion was(65.0±4.8)°,the grip strength of the affected side was(84.0±4.2)%of the healthy side.Compared with before operation,the volar inclination angle,ulnar deviation angle and radius shortening value and VAS score up were significantly improved 2 years after surgery(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in immediately after surgery imaging parameters(volar inclination angle,ulnar deviation angle and radius shortening)immediately after surgery compared to 2 years after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusion The bone plate screw external fixation minimally invasive treatment assisted with 3-dimensional printing extrapo-sition mold in distal radius fractures has the advantages of individualized bone plate screw,precision guidance position angle,minimal invasion,low demand for skin and soft tissue condition and easy taking out.The fixa-tion is reliable and the joint function recovered well and the short follow up effect is satisfactory.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of adjustable external fixation traction combined with arthroscopic microfracture in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 27 OLT patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital from May 2017 to March 2022. There were 16 males and 11 females, aged (32.4±7.2) years. Lesion site: 23 medial and 4 lateral cases; Hepple staging: 7 cases at stage Ⅰ, 15 cases at stage Ⅱ, and 5 cases at stage Ⅲ; disease duration: (10.6±3.3) months. All the patients were treated by adjustable external fixation traction combined with arthroscopic microfracture. Recorded were the patients' visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores at 6 months and 12 months after surgery, levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) at 1 month after surgery, lesion area at 12 months after surgery, and incidence of complications. Results:The follow-up time for this cohort was (16.2±6.7) months. The AOFAS score was (61.52±6.75) points before surgery, (84.15±5.56) points at 6 months after surgery and (95.67±4.30) points at 12 months after surgery. The VAS score was (5.88±1.02) points before surgery, (2.12±0.48) points at 6 months after surgery and (0.66±0.36) points at 12 months after surgery. The two-by-two comparisons between the 3 time points for the above items were statistically significant ( P<0.05). IL-1 was (32.37±6.64) pg/mL, IL-6 (34.04±7.12) pg/mL, and TNF- α (17.89±4.96) ng/L at 1 month after surgery in the 27 patients, all of which were significantly lower than their preoperative levels [(96.63±14.80) pg/mL, (102.33±20.42) pg/mL, and (54.48±9.33) ng/L] ( P<0.05). The lesion area was (28.66±6.52) mm 2 at 12 months after surgery, significantly smaller than the value before surgery [(128.52±11.32) mm 2] ( P<0.05). Infection at the adjustable external fixation needle track occurred in 1 patient and lower limb thrombosis in 2 patients. Conclusion:In the treatment of OLT, adjustable external fixation and traction combined with arthroscopic microfracture can achieve satisfactory results and improve symptoms for the patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of lesion removal, bone grafting, fusion, and external fixation in the treatment of late-stage wrist tuberculosis.@*METHODS@#From October 2015 to May 2019, 25 patients with late-stage wrist tuberculosis were treated using lesion removal, bone grafting, fusion, and external fixation. Among these patients, there were 14 males and 11 females, aged from 40 to 74 years old, with an average age of (60.72±8.45) years old. The duration of the disease ranged from 5 to 24 months, with an average of (11.52±7.61) months. There were 11 cases of left wrist tuberculosis and 14 cases of right wrist tuberculosis, with 5 cases accompanied by sinus formation. Postoperative regular anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued. Visual analogue score (VAS), inflammatory indicators, Gartland-Werley wrist function score, and upper limb function score were observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#All 25 patients were followed up for ranging from 12 to 36 months with an average of (19.7±6.3) months. At the latest follow-up, all wounds were healed satisfactorily, and there was no recurrence of tuberculosis or infection. VAS at one week before operation and three months after operation were (5.16±1.14) score and (1.68±0.80) score respectively. One week before operation and three months after operation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was (44.20±20.56) mm·h-1 and (14.44±1.14) mm·h-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) was (12.37±7.95) mg·L-1 and (4.3±3.37) mg·L-1. The differences in all three data sets were statistically significant (P<0.01). According to Gartland-Werley wrist function scoring, the scores at one week before operation and one year after operation were (21.32±3.44) and (14.96±1.37) respectively, showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). According to the upper limb function score (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand, DASH), the score was (70.52±7.95) at one week before operation and(28.84±2.30) at one year after operation. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). At the latest follow-up, no patient had a recurrence of tuberculosis.@*CONCLUSION@#The short-term clinical efficacy of treating wrist tuberculosis with lesion removal, bone grafting, fusion, and external fixation is satisfactory.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Adult , Tuberculosis, Spinal/surgery , Wrist/surgery , Bone Transplantation , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae , Spinal Fusion , Treatment Outcome , Upper Extremity , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Since its introduction by Ilizarov, the distraction osteogenesis technique has been used to treat trauma-related conditions, infections, bone tumors, and congenital diseases, either as methods of bone transport or elongation. One of the major dilemmas for the orthopedic surgeon who performs osteogenic distraction is establishing a reproducible method of assessing the progression of the osteogenesis, enabling the early detection of regenerate failures,inorder toeffectively interfereduring treatment, andtodeterminetheappropriate time to remove the external fixator. Several quantitative monitoring methods to evaluate the structural recovery and biomechanical properties of the bone regenerate at different stages,aswell as the bone healing process, are under study. These methods can reveal data on bone metabolism, stiffness, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density. The present review comprehensively summarizes the most recent techniques to assess bone healing during osteogenic distraction, including conventional radiography and pixel values in digital radiology, ultrasonography, bone densitometry and scintigraphy, quantitative computed tomography, biomechanical evaluation, biochemical markers, and mathematical models. We believe it is crucial to know the different methods currently available, and we understand that using several monitoring methods simultaneously can be an ideal solution, pointing to a future direction in the follow-up of osteogenic distraction.
Resumo Desde que foi descrita por Ilizarov, a técnica de osteogênese por distração tem sido utilizada para o tratamento de diversas condições relacionadas ao trauma, infecções, tumores ósseos edoenças congênitas, naforma detransporteou alongamento ósseo. Um dos dilemas mais comuns do cirurgião ortopédico que realiza distração osteogênica é o estabelecimentodeum método reprodutível deverificaçãoda progressão da osteogênese, que permita a detecção precoce de falhas no regenerado, para que se possa interferir de formaeficazduranteotratamento,bemcomodeterminarotempoapropriadoderemoção dofixadorexterno.Recentemente,váriosmétodosdemonitoramentoquantitativo,comos quais se poderia avaliar a recuperação da estrutura e as propriedades biomecânicas do regenerado ósseoemdiferentes estágios, alémdoprocessodecicatrização óssea, têm sido amplamente investigados. Por esses métodos, pode-se saber o conteúdo mineral ósseo, a densidade mineral óssea, a rigidez e o metabolismo ósseo. Nesta revisão, resumimos de forma abrangente as técnicas mais recentes para avaliar a cicatrização óssea durante a distração osteogênica, entre elas, métodos como aradiografia convencional e os valores de pixels em radiologia digital, a ultrassonografia, a densitometria e a cintilografia ósseas, a tomografia computadorizada quantitativa, a avaliação biomecânica, os marcadores bioquímicos e os modelos matemáticos. Consideramos fundamental o conhecimento dos diversos métodos à disposição atualmente e entendemos que a utilização de vários métodos de monitoramento simultaneamente possa ser uma solução ideal, que aponte para uma direção futura no seguimento da distração osteogênica.
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Biomechanical Phenomena , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a finite element model for bone transport before surgery in the treatment of femoral and tibial bone defects with external fixation and combined intramedullary nails with external fixations, and evaluate the stability and properties of biomechanics.Methods:Between May 2022 and August 2022, a male volunteer in the Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University was selected. The right lower limb was scanned using 64-slice CT. Data were imported into Mimics 21.0 to establish normal geometric models of femur and tibia. The models were arranged in 4 groups: a femoral external fixator group, a femoral external fixator combined with intramedullary nail group, a tibial external fixator group and a tibial external fixator combined with intramedullary nail group. Hypermesh 10.0 was used for meshing. Finite element analysis was performed by Ansys v.11 to measure the distribution and characteristics of equivalent stress in the transported bone segment, proximal and distal tibia, and fixtures in the 2 treatment modalities, respectively.Results:Peak Von Mises equivalent stress of cortical bone and external fixation was found higher in both of the femoral and tibial external fixator combined with intramedullary nail groups than that in the external fixator group, with stress reduction on cortical bone at approximately 76.9% and 77.8%, respectively. The stress reduction on external fixator was about 81.4% and 76.3%, respectively. Peak displacement of the structure in both of the femoral and tibial external fixator combined with intramedullary nail groups was lower than that in the external fixator group, with 78.4% and 60.1% reduction in displacement, respectively.Conclusion:Bone transport with intramedullary nailing combined with external fixator in treatment of femoral and tibial defects would offer better biomechanical advantages. It can facilitates bone regeneration and bone mineralisation during distraction phase and consolidation phase.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between closed reduction combined with semi-circular external fixator and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in the treatment of middle anddistal tibia fractures.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of sixty patients with middle and distal tibia fractures admitted between January 2019 and November 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were categorized into external fixation group (n=30) and internal fixation group (n=30). There were 18 males and 12 females in the external fixation group, with an average age of (49.29±2.35) years old. Among them, 14 patients presented with fractures on the left side, and 16 patients presented with fractures on the right side. Closed reduction, arched wire, and semi-circular external fixator were used for treatment. There were 20 males and 10 females in the internal fixation group, with an average age of (48.96±1.87) years old. Among them, 15 patients presented with fractures on the left side, and 15 patients presented with fractures on the right side. MIPPO technique was used for the treatment. Perioperative parameters, including time injury to surgery, surgical duration, incision length, intraoperative bleeding, time to active activity, and incision healing level, were compared between the two groups. Clinical outcomes were also assessed, including Johner-Wruhs scores, time to minimum pain-adapted full weight-bearing, visual analog scale (VAS), SF-36 scale, and complications.@*RESULTS@#The external fixation group exhibited a significantly shorter incision length (1.36±0.86) cm and lower intraoperative bleeding (10.83±5.73) ml compared to the internal fixation group (12.74±3.12) cm and (86.47±8.90) ml, respectively(P<0.05). The postoperative active activity time (1.50±0.54) days and minimum pain-adapted full weight-bearing activity time(108.87±3.43) days in the external fixation group were slightly delayed than the internal fixation group(1.15±0.98) days and (105.27±3.68) days, respectively(P<0.05). Over a mean postoperative follow-up duration of (6.23±1.89) months, both groups showed improved VAS and SF-36 scale scores. There were no statistically significant differences in VAS and SF-36 scale scores 1, 3, 6 months post-operatively between the two groups(P>0.05). The intraoperative surgical time in the external fixation group (35.42±9.31) minutes was shorter than that in the internal fixation group(74.22±7.81) minutes (P<0.05). There was no intraoperative vascular or nerve injury, nor postoperative skin necrosis in the external fixation group. However, skin necrosis was observed in 6 patientsin the internal fixation group, representing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both external fixation and plate internal fixation are effective methods for the treatment of middle and distal tibia fractures. External fixation exhibits the advantage of less surgical trauma and a lower incidence of complications.
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tibia , Treatment Outcome , Ankle Fractures , Tibial Fractures/surgery , External Fixators , Pain , NecrosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe clinical effect of percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation in treating moderate hallux valgus.@*METHODS@#Totally 23 patients with moderate hallux valgus were treated with percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation from August 2019 to January 2021, and 1 patient was loss to follow-up, and finally 22 patients(30 feet) were included, 4 males (6 feet) and 18 females(24 feet), aged from 27 to 66 years old with an average of(50.59±11.95) years old. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), metatarsal span (the distance between the first and the fifth metatarsal bones), changed of soft tissue width, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) score, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were collected and compared before operation and 6 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-two patients were followed up from 5.7 to 6.4 months with an average of (6.13±0.85) months. The first metatarsal osteotomy of patients were obtained bone union, and deformity of the toes was corrected. Complications such as avascular necrosis of metatarsal head and transfer metatarsalgia were not occurred. Postoperative HVA, IMA, metatarsal span, soft tissue width, VAS, AOFAS score at 6 months were significantly improved compared with pre-operation (P<0.01). According to AOFAS score at 6 months after operation, 10 feet were excellent, 18 good and 2 poor. Two feet with poor were excellent after prolonged 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation time.@*CONCLUSION@#Percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation for the treatment of moderate hallux valgus could better correct deformity of hallux valgus, relieve foot symptoms, good recovery of postoperative function, and has a significant clinical efficacy.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Hallux Valgus/diagnostic imaging , Splints , Radiography , Bunion , Treatment Outcome , Metatarsal Bones/surgery , Osteotomy , BandagesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of a modified three-point bending fracture device for establishing a rabbit model of closed tibial fracture.@*METHODS@#The model of closed tibial fracture was established in 40 6-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits with a body weight of 2.5 to 3.0 kg, and the model was verified at 6 weeks after operation. Five rabbits underwent pre modeling without temporary external fixation before modeling, and then were fractured with a modified three-point bending fracture device;35 rabbits underwent formal modeling. Before modeling, needles were inserted, and splints were fixed externally, and then the fracture was performed with a modified three-point bending fracture device. The fracture model and healing process were evaluated by imaging and histopathology at 2 hours, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after operation.@*RESULTS@#Two hours after modeling, the prefabricated module showed oblique fracture in varying degrees and the broken end shifted significantly;Except for 1 comminuted fracture, 2 curved butterfly fractures and 2 without obvious fracture line, the rest were simple transverse and oblique fractures without obvious displacement in formal modeling group. According to the judgment criteria, the success rate of the model was 85.71%. Four weeks after modeling, the fixed needle and splint of the experimental rabbits were in good position, the fracture alignment was good, the fracture line was blurred, many continuous callus growths could be seen around the fracture end, and the callus density was high. Six weeks after modeling, many thick new bone trabeculae at the fracture, marginal osteoblasts attached, and a small number of macrophages were seen under the microscope. The intramembrane osteogenesis area was in the preparation bone stage, the medullary cavity at the fracture had been partially reopened, the callus was in the absorption plastic stage, and many osteoclasts were visible. The X-ray showed that the fracture line almost disappeared, part of the medullary cavity had been opened, the external callus was reduced around, the callus was in the plastic stage, and the bone cortex was continuous. It suggests that the fracture model showed secondary healing.@*CONCLUSION@#The improved three-point bending fracture device can establish a stable rabbit model of closed tibial fracture, and the operation is simple, which meets the requirements of closed fracture model in basic research related to fracture healing.
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Male , Animals , Bony Callus , Fracture Healing , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Osteogenesis , RadiographyABSTRACT
RESUMEN: El trauma maxilofacial por proyectil balístico corresponde a un escenario desafiante para los servicios de alta complejidad debido a su alta mortalidad y morbilidad, asociando gran costo en insumos, hospitalización y recursos, en contraste con la funcionalidad hacia una inserción laboral eficiente. En este sentido la cirugía de reconstrucción se relaciona con el daño presentado en los tejidos blandos y duros, siendo clasificada en etapa inmediata (reducción abierta y fijación con osteosintesis) y/o mediata en donde el uso de tutores externos continúa siendo una propuesta válida. Reporte de un paciente masculino de 38 años, que ingresa por trauma balístico maxilofacial con daño extenso en tejido blando y conminución en cuerpo de mandíbula, siendo tratado de manera mediata por estabilización de tutores externos y posterior reconstrucción con injerto autólogo no vascularizado; presentándose complicación intraoperatoria de comunicación de acceso extraoral con intraoral; cerrado con injerto loco regional de cuerpo adiposo de mejilla. Paciente presenta evolución favorable. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en relación al uso de cuerpo adiposo de mejilla en cirugía maxilofacial reconstructiva. El uso de tutores externos se presenta como una alternativa válida y favorable para traumatismos con daño extenso en tejido blando y duro. El uso de cuerpo adiposo de mejilla se reporta en variados usos en cirugía oral y maxilofacial, sin embargo, su uso como injerto locoregional para cierre de procesos que requieren ser injertados es escaso; planteándose como una propuesta en este reporte.
ABSTRACT: Ballistic projectile maxillofacial trauma corresponds to a challenging scenario for highly complex services due to high mortality and morbidity, associating high cost in supplies, hospitalization and resources, in contrast to the functionality towards efficient labor insertion. In this sense, reconstruction surgery is related to the damage presented in the soft and hard tissues, being classified in the immediate stage (open reduction and fixation with osteosynthesis) and / or mediate where the use of external tutors continues to be a valid proposal. Report of a 38-year-old male patient admitted for maxillofacial ballistic trauma with extensive soft tissue damage and comminution in the mandible body, being treated mediate by stabilization of external tutors and subsequent reconstruction with a non- autologous graft. vascularized; presenting intraoperative complication of communication between extraoral and intraoral access; closed with a locoregional flap of the adipose body of the cheek. The patient presents a favorable evolution. A literature review was carried out in relation to the use of the adipose body of the cheek in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. The use of external tutors is presented as a valid and favorable alternative for trauma with extensive damage to soft and hard tissue. The use of the adipose body of the cheek is reported in various uses in oral and maxillofacial surgery, however, its use as a locoregional graft for closing processes that require grafting is scarce; it is presented as a proposal in this report.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Wounds, Gunshot/surgery , Maxillofacial Injuries/surgery , Blast Injuries , Algorithms , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , External Fixators , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Early Medical Intervention , Fracture Fixation/methodsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: la fractura del radio distal es una de las entidades traumáticas más frecuentes por la que acuden enfermos a los servicios de urgencia de Traumatología. Aunque su tratamiento es por lo general conservador, existen situaciones en que es necesaria la intervención quirúrgica con la fijación externa. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la fijación externa en pacientes con fracturas inestables del radio distal. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio preexperimental en pacientes con fracturas inestables del radio distal, tratados mediante fijación externa en el Hospital Provincial Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Manuel Ascunce Domenech, de Camagüey, entre abril de 2018 y mayo de 2021. La investigación tuvo un nivel de evidencia IV, recomendación D. Resultados: el promedio de edad de los 41 pacientes fue de 40,5 años, con edad mínima de 20 y máxima de 68. Se observó un predominio del sexo femenino (25 pacientes, para un 61 %). La razón sexo femenino-masculino fue de 1,5 a 1, y la de afección de muñeca izquierda-derecha fue de 1,9 a 1. Se encontró significación entre antes y después al emplear los parámetros imagenológicos y las escalas evaluativas, con mejoría en ambos. Conclusiones: la fijación externa en fractura inestable del radio distal resulta eficaz a los doce meses en la mayoría de los enfermos. Las complicaciones son mínimas, y de presentarse responden de forma favorable al tratamiento.
ABSTRACT Introduction: distal radius fracture is one of the most frequent traumatic entities due which patients come to Traumatology emergency services. Although their treatment is usually conservative, there are situations where surgery with external fixation is necessary. Objetive: to evaluate the results of external fixation in patients with unstable distal radius fractures. Materials and methods: a pre-experimental study was carried out in patients with unstable fractures of the distal radius treated by external fixation at the Provincial Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech, of Camagüey, between April 2018 and May 2021. The research has IV level of evidence, D recommendation. Results: the average age of the 41 patients was 40.5 years old, with minimum age of 20 and maximum age of 68 years. Female sex prevalence was observed (25 patients, 61%). The female-male sex ratio was 1.5 to 1, and the left-right wrist condition was 1.9 to 1. Significance was found between before and after using the imaging parameters and the evaluative scales, with improvement in both cases. Conclusions: external fixation in unstable distal radius fracture is effective at twelve months in most patients. Complications are minimal and if they are present, they favorably answer to treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , External Fixators/statistics & numerical data , Wrist Fractures/complications , Radius Fractures/complicationsABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas del pilón tibial constituyen lesiones de difícil manejo por su situación anatómica, mecanismo de producción y daño de las partes blandas que la rodean. El tratamiento quirúrgico es el más empleado, la fijación externa puede utilizarse de forma transitoria o definitiva. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de la fijación externa en pacientes con fracturas del pilón tibial. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio con un nivel de evidencia IV, grado de recomendación B, en 34 pacientes con fractura del pilón tibial, atendidos de Enero de 2014 a Febrero de 2020. Desde el punto de vista estadístico se utilizó la distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas para variables cualitativas y para las cuantitativas la prueba de t Student. Resultados: El promedio de edad general fue de 45.8 años, predominó el sexo masculino con una razón de 1.4 a 1 y la fractura cerrada-abierta 1.8 a 1. Predominaron las fracturas tipo A según la clasificación del grupo AO. En relación a las fracturas abiertas predominaron las de tipo 3A. Se detectó significación entre un antes y un después al aplicar las escalas Olreud C y Molander H de la Sociedad Americana del Tobillo y Pie y el Ankle Scoring System. Las complicaciones del procedimiento quirúrgico fueron mínimas. Conclusiones: La fijación externa en pacientes con fracturas del pilón tibial es un método efectivo que puede emplearse de forma inmediata y definitiva en pacientes con fracturas abiertas y cerradas.
Abstract: Introduction: Tibial pylon fractures are difficult to manage injuries due to their anatomical situation, mechanism of production, and damage to the surrounding soft tissue. Surgical treatment is the most widely used, including external fixation that can be used temporarily or permanently. Objective: To evaluate the use of external fixation in patients with tibial pylon fractures. Material and methods: A pre-experimental study with a level of evidence II, recommendation grade B, was carried out in 34 patients with tibial pylon fracture, treated from January 2014 to February 2020. From the statistical point of view, the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies was used for qualitative variables and for quantitative variables, the Student's t test. Results: The general average age was 45.8 years, the male sex predominated with a ratio of 1.4 to 1 and the closed-open fractures 1.8 to 1. Type A fractures predominated according to the classification of the AO group. In relation to open fractures, 3A types predominated. Significance between a before and after was detected when applying the Olreud C and Molander H scales, from the American Ankle and Foot Society, and the Ankle Scoring System. The complications of the surgical procedure were minimal. Conclusions: External fixation in patients with tibial pylon fractures is an effective method that can be used immediately and definitively in patients with both open and closed fractures with few complications.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Con el paulatino incremento de accidentes automovilísticos, de trabajo, y la violencia urbana, las fracturas expuestas y complejas constituyen traumatismos de creciente incidencia y de difícil solución, con largos períodos de convalecencia que ponen en peligro la vida o la conservación del miembro lesionado. Un gran número de ellas dejan secuelas invalidantes. Existen varios tratamientos, entre ellos la fijación externa, utilizando el sistema creado por el profesor Rodrigo Álvarez Cambras, con varias ventajas que proporcionan una mejor evolución. Se realizó este trabajo con el objetivo de mostrar la evolución y los resultados de un paciente ingresado y operado con el diagnóstico de lesión expuesta, compleja y grave de la extremidad inferior, específicamente de tibia. Este presentó varias complicaciones, por lo que se le colocó un aparato de osteosíntesis de fijación externa Álvarez Cambras en el Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente José Ramón López Tabrane, de Matanzas (AU).
ABSTRACT With the gradual increase of automobile and work accidents as well as urban violence, exposed and complex fractures are traumas of increasing incidence and difficult solution, with long periods of convalescence that endanger the life or the conservation of the injured member. A large number of them leave invalidating sequels. There are several treatments, including external fixation using the system created by Professor Rodrigo Alvarez Cambra, with several advantages that provide a better evolution. The current work was carried out with the objective of showing the evolution and results of a patient who entered the Teaching Provincial Clinical-surgical Hospital Jose Ramon Lopez Tabrane, of Matanzas, and underwent a surgery with the diagnosis of exposed, complex and serious lesion in the lower limb, specifically of tibia. The patient had several complications and so he was put an Alvarez Cambra external fixation osteosynthesis devise (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Tibial Fractures/surgery , External Fixators , Therapeutics , Tibial Fractures/complications , Tibial Fractures/diagnosis , Tibial Fractures/therapy , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Fractures, Open/surgery , Fractures, Open/diagnosisABSTRACT
In Orthopedics, damage control is indicated in patients with pelvic and/or long bone fractures associated with hemodynamic instability. It is inappropriate to perform a complex definitive reduction and fixation surgery for severely injured trauma patients with hemodynamic instability. In these cases, it is recommended to perform minimally invasive procedures that temporarily stabilize the fractures and bleeding control. Closed or open fractures of the long bones such as femur, tibia, humerus, and pelvis can lead to hemodynamic instability and shock. Thus, orthopedic damage control becomes a priority. However, if the patient is hemodynamically stable, it is recommended to stabilize all fractures with an early permanent internal fixation. These patients will have a shorter hospital length of stay and a reduction in mechanical ventilation, blood components transfusions and complications. Therefore, the concept of orthopedic damage control should be individualized according to the hemodynamic status and the severity of the injuries. Open fractures, dislocations, and vascular injuries could lead to permanent sequelae and complications if a correct management and approach are not performed.
En Ortopedia se indica control del daño en pacientes que presentan fracturas de pelvis y/o huesos largos asociado a condiciones generales inestables. Dada la severidad del trauma asociada a inestabilidad hemodinámica no es adecuado realizar una cirugía definitiva compleja de reducción y fijación de todas sus fracturas. En estos casos se recomienda realizar procedimientos poco invasivos que permitan estabilizar provisionalmente las fracturas, para; disminuir el dolor, controlar la hemorragia de las fracturas, obtener una alineación adecuada de los huesos fracturados y reducir las luxaciones. Estas medidas permiten controlar el daño del primer golpe para así disminuir las complicaciones. Las fracturas de los huesos largos fémur, tibia, húmero y pelvis cerradas o abiertas pueden llevar a una inestabilidad y estado de shock. Mientras que el paciente no tenga alteración hemodinámica, se recomienda estabilizar todas sus fracturas precozmente con una fijación interna que controle esta forma el daño y la necesidad de tiempo de hospitalización. Como resultado se disminuyen los días en cuidados intensivos, la ventilación mecánica, las transfusiones y las complicaciones. El concepto de control de daño para el manejo de las lesiones ortopédicas se debe individualizar de acuerdo a las condiciones generales de cada paciente y la gravedad de sus lesiones como: fracturas abiertas, luxaciones, luxación completa de la articulación sacroíliaca, luxofractura del talo, y lesiones vasculares, ya que estas lesiones requieren un manejo prioritario inicial generalmente definitivo en la mayoría de los pacientes con politraumatismo para evitar complicaciones serias futuras que pueden dejar secuelas definitivas al no recibir el tratamiento adecuado inicial.
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Las fracturas mandibulares conminutadas por impacto de proyectil balístico son un desafío terapéutico debido a la presencia de múltiples fragmentos óseos y el compromiso a nivel de periostio, plano muscular y mucoso. Su tratamiento inicial requiere de una estabilización de las urgencias médico - quirúrgicas y posteriormente tratar los segmentos óseos fracturados. La fijación externa con tutores mandibulares permite estabilizar los segmentos mandibulares de forma cerrada manteniendo así la viabilidad de los fragmentos sin interrumpir su suministro de sangre. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados post operatorios obtenidos en tres casos clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura mandibular conminutada por trauma por impacto de proyectil balístico, tratados por un método alternativo a los tutores de fijación externa convencional.
Comminuted mandibular fractures from ballistic missile impact are a therapeutic challenge due to the presence of multiple bone fragments and the involvement of periosteum, muscle and mucous membrane. Their initial treatment requires emergency medical and surgical stabilization and later treatment of the fractured bone segments. External fixation with mandibular stakes makes it possible to stabilize the mandibular segments in a closed manner, thus maintaining the viability of the fragments without interrupting their blood supply. The aim of this work is to present the post-surgical results obtained in three clinical cases of patients with diagnosis of comminuted mandibularfracture by ballistic missile impact, treated by an alternative method to the conventional external fixation tutors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Fractures, Comminuted/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Mandibular Fractures/surgery , Firearms , Radiography, Panoramic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Demography , Treatment Outcome , Fractures, Comminuted/diagnosis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Forensic Ballistics , Facial Bones/injuries , Mandibular Fractures/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of manual reduction combined with homemade splint external fixation in the treatment of metacarpal fractures.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed in 126 patients with metacarpal fracture treated by manual reduction and homemade splint external fixation in the emergency department of our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018, including 102 male, 24 female, ranging in age from 9 to 73 year old, with an average of (33.2±14.3)years old. During the treatment, the X-ray was re-examined regularly, and the external fixation was continued or adjusted according to the X-ray situation. The X-ray showed callus growth. After the fracture was stable, the external fixation was removed to continue functional exercise. The TAM scoring standardwas used to evaluate the hand function, and the fracture healing and complications were summarized.@*RESULTS@#Of the 126 patients, 6 patients were treated with operation because of fracture displacement during the treatment. The other 120 patients were treated with this method and all of them got bony healing. The healing time was (6.3±1.8) weeks. The follow up time ranged from 2 to 12 months, with a mean of (4.4±2.2) months. At the latest follow up, TAM score was used to evaluate the hand function:excellent in 105 cases, good in 13 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 0 case. Shortening deformity was found in 7 cases and angulation deformity in 3 cases.@*CONCLUSION@#Manual reduction combined with homemade splint external fixation in the treatment of metacarpal fractures can achieve good clinical results. Homemade splint is easy to obtain materials and low cost, and it is an effective method worthy of clinical promotion.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , External Fixators , Fracture Fixation , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Metacarpal Bones , Retrospective Studies , Splints , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
@#Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes following treatment of distal radial fractures using intramedullary elastic wires with a combination of either cast immobilisation or external fixation. Materials and methods: A total of 42 patients (24 females and 18 males) aged 40 to 78 years who presented with displaced and unstable, closed or grade I open, extra- and/or intra-articular fractures of the distal radius were included in the study. Twenty-seven fractures were AO/OTA Type A2- A3 and 15 Type C1-C2. Twenty-four patients were treated with antegrade intramedullary (IM) fixation with elastic wires followed by cast immobilisation and 18 required an external fixator in lieu of casting. Results: Final follow-up evaluation was conducted 12 months post-surgery using Sarmiento's modification of Lindstrom criteria and the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley. Successful fracture union was observed in all patients between eight to 14 weeks. Using Sarmiento's modification of Lindstrom criteria, 12 patients (28.6%) had excellent, 23 (54.8%) had good and 7 (16.6 %) had fair results. Based on the functional evaluation using the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley, 13 patients (31%) had excellent, 25 (59.5%) had good and four (9.5%) had fair results. None of the patients had a poor outcome using either of these criteria. Although a fracture union rate of 100% was confirmed clinically and radiographically, eight out of the 42 patients had minor complications in our study. One patient had uneventful IM migration of the wires, one patient reported a feeling of wire loosening, three patients complained of joint stiffness and soft tissue irritation, and three others reported on-going pain. The total cost of all implants used per case was less than INR 1,000. Conclusions: Good to excellent functional and radiographic outcomes with easy to manage complications are achieved with the techniques described. Patient selection is key to determining which particular method should be prescribed in a given case.
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@#Introduction: The selection of the stage where fibular plate was performed in two-stage surgery of the intra-articular distal tibiofibular fractures with soft tissue injury is still controversial. The aim of the study was to compare the complications, radiological and functional outcomes between the patients who had fibular plate at initial or second phase during surgical management of such fractures. Materials and Methods: In this study, medical records of 47 patients who underwent a two-stage surgical procedure for intra-articular distal tibia fractures accompanying soft tissue injury were retrospectively examined. Delta frame was applied in all cases within 24 hours following admission to the emergency department in accordance with AO principles. Those cases where fibular plate was applied during the initial stage and the second stage were classified as Group 1 and Group 2 in order to compare recorded data between the two groups. Results: According to the results of the study, there were 25 cases in Group 1 and 22 cases in Group 2 in which fibular plate was applied at the first stage and the second stage, respectively. The mean follow-up was found as 27.7±7.0 months in Group 1 and 28.2±6.2 months in Group 2 (p=0.778). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of the age, sex, hospital stay, the time between two surgical procedures, tibiofibular angle and AOFAS scoring (p>0.05).These two groups were also similar in mechanism of injury, Denise-Weber or AO classification, rates of tibiofibular malalignment on post-operative CT, fibular rotation, intra-articular tibial step-off, tibial varus-valgus duration of union, rate of infection, fibular angulation and the presence of the flap/graft/debridement (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, two-stage surgical procedure in intra-articular distal tibiofibular fractures may be an effective method decreasing soft tissue complications. The timing of the open reduction and internal fixation of the fibula at different stages may not necessarily have an impact on the success of the post-operative tibial reduction, the total duration of surgery, syndesmosis malalignment or soft tissue complications.
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BACKGROUND: 3D printing external fixation fixture can make individualized external fixation scheme for fracture patients and is easy to wear. Zicao oil (a Chinese traditional medicine oil) for trauma treatment has the effect of reducing swelling and removing blood stasis to assist the rehabilitation treatment of fracture. The combination of the two could benefit the rehabilitation of patients with fracture conservative treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application value of the 3D printed orthopedic cast combined with Zicao oil in the treatment of distal radial fracture, hoping to provide a basis for the further study of a combined Chinese and western medicine treatment scheme for the recovery of wrist function after distal radius fractures. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with distal radial fracture were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the trial group received 3D-printed cast combined with Zicao oil treatment after manual reduction. Patients in the control group received traditional splint cast combined with Zicao oil after manual reduction. The Jakim scoring for distal radial fracture treatment, as well as pain degree, swelling degree, wrist range of motion, grasping ability and deformity degree were evaluated and compared 2 weeks after removal of external fixation in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The excellent and good rate was 94% in the trial group and 78% in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). (2) At 2, 4, 8 and 14 days after treatment, the scores of wrist range of motion and visual analogue scale were significantly better than those before treatment (P < 0.01). At different time points after treatment, the scores of wrist range of motion and visual analogue scale in the trial group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The swelling degree of the trial group was better than that of the control group 2, 4, 8 and 14 days after treatment (P < 0.05). (4) The results show that 3D printed cast combined with Zicao oil is effective in the treatment of distal radius fracture, can effectively improve the function of wrist joint, reduce the pain of patients and improve the quality of rehabilitation.
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BACKGROUND: The clinical effect of minimally invasive treatment of hallux valgus is significant. The osteotomy end is stabilized only by external fixation of the bandage. There is currently no research on the stability of the osteotomy end. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of minimally invasive treatment of the "8" bandage external fixation on the stress and displacement of the osteotomy end in the balanced standing condition after hallux valgus. METHODS: In the minimally invasive treatment of the "8" bandage external fixation finite element model after the hallux valgus operation, three vertical axes (X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis) were established with the first tibial osteotomy as the center. The X-axis and Y-axis were parallel to the horizontal plane of the foot, pointing to the medial and anterior sides of the foot respectively. The Y axis was perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the foot, pointing upwards. The four nodes defining the distal osteotomy surface were A1 on the upper side, B1 on the outer side, and C1 on the outer side, and D1 on the inner lower side. The proximal end osteotomy surface corresponded to four nodes as A2, B2, C2 and D2. The displacement was positive when it coincided with the direction of the coordinate axis, and negative when it was opposite. Through the finite element analysis, the direction and magnitude of the stress and displacement of the distal and proximal nodes of the osteotomy surface in the balanced standing condition were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The finite element model of the "8" bandage after minimally invasive treatment of hallux valgus was used in a balanced standing condition. The maximum stress at the osteotomy end was at the dorsal side of the osteotomy surface (B2), which was 0.632 MPa. (2) The first principal stress at the osteotomy surface was at Z-axis. The direction was opposite to the Z-axis, and was the same as the total stress, which was a compressive stress. The shear force was the largest on the XY plane, and the maximum stress was at the dorsal inner side (A2) of the proximal osteotomy surface, which was 0.058 MPa. (3) The major displacements of the distal and proximal ends of the first patella osteotomy were on the X-axis, and the displacements were on the medial condyle (D1) of the osteotomy surface, i.e., -1.002 mm and medial condyle (A2), and 0.621 mm, respectively. (4) The results confirm that the external fixation of "8" bandage can maintain the stability of the osteotomy end after minimally invasive treatment of hallux valgus, and is conducive to the healing of the osteotomy end.
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BACKGROUND: With the aging of the population, the incidence of distal radius fracture is gradually increasing. Non-operative external fixation splint can reduce the economic burden, mental burden and prevent surgical trauma. Therefore, the study of external fixation splint for distal radius fracture has important clinical value and significance. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status of distal radius fracture fixation splints and to lay a foundation for further research. METHODS: The first author searched the CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database, PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge for studies regarding external fixation splint for distal radius fracture published from 2000 to 2019. The key words were “distal radius fracture, external fixation, splint” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The improved design of the shape, material and fixation band of the traditional small splint is the key direction of splint research at present. The improved design of splint shows great advantages in clinical application. (2) With the advancement of social science and technology, the emergence of new materials, new technologies and the deepening of biomechanical research, distal radius fracture fixation splint integrated with the elements of modern science and technology is the development trend of small splint in the future.