ABSTRACT
In this report, we compared the integrated effect of FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure with inorganic fertilizers incorporated with PSB for yield in radish cv. Pusa Himani in response of morphological, yield as well as quality attributes. As per data analysis T6 [NPK (75%) + vermicompost (25% of N) + PSB] significantly enhanced the highest plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of shoot and dry weight of shoot at 20 DAS, 40 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Similarly, at harvest maximum root length, maximum root diameter, maximum average weight of root, maximum yield per hectare, minimum days to harvest and quality parameters i.e. T.S.S., ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content of leaves, net return and B-C ratio in comparison to all concentration with all integrated nutrient combination. So, we may conclude that [NPK (75%) + vermicompost (25% of N) + PSB] increase yield by stimulating source activity as well improves utilization of PGR (plant growth regulators).
ABSTRACT
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a holistic approach that aims to optimize nutrient use efficiency in cereal crop production by combining various sources of nutrients, including organic and inorganic fertilizers. The integration of organic materials, such as crop residues and manures, with chemical fertilizers is emphasized to enhance soil fertility, improve nutrient availability, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The synergistic effects of combining different nutrient sources contribute to balanced nutrition, reduced environmental impact, and increased resilience to changing climatic conditions. This abstract highlights the significance of integrated nutrient management as a comprehensive strategy for achieving higher cereal crop yields while addressing the challenges of nutrient management and environmental sustainability in modern agriculture. Integrated Nutrient Management not only boosts the growth, yield attributes, overall yield, and quality parameters of cereal crops but also fosters soil health, thereby fostering long-term agricultural sustainability.
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the impact of different treatments on soybean growth and productivity, focusing on plant height and various growth parameters. Notably, Treatment T6, incorporating cow dung, Rhizobium, and Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), consistently outperformed other treatments. At 40 days after sowing (DAS), T6 exhibited the highest plant height, a trend sustained at 60 DAS and harvest. This superiority was attributed to the synergistic effect of the bio-fertilizer components. The control (T1) consistently had the shortest plants. In terms of productivity, T6 consistently excelled across parameters such as number of branches (4.12), nodules per plant (29.33), number of pods (33.33), pod length (4.82), seeds per pod (4.29), and seed yield (1.87 t/ha). Additionally, T6 demonstrated the highest protein (39.41%) and oil content (18.60%). While the recommended fertilizer dose (T2) showed improvement over the control, T6 surpassed T2, emphasizing the synergistic benefits of combining organic and microbial inputs. These findings highlight the potential of bio-fertilizers, particularly the combined approach, in enhancing soybean productivity. The study provides valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices and optimizing fertilizer strategies for improved crop yields.
ABSTRACT
Controlled-release fertilizers have been increasingly used. This study aimed to evaluate and adapt new technologies applied via soil for sustainable coffee production, in order to generate information that contribute to the technical innovation of the crop for the Vale do Ribeira region. The experiment was set at UNESP, in Registro SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with four replications, with plots of six plants. Four doses (200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1) of a mixed fertilizer 20-05-20 were used, with controlled release in six months, intended for coffee trees in formation and production, compared to the dose of 500 kg ha-1 of the conventional mixed fertilizer 20-05-20, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate with boron, in addition to a control treatment, which did not receive NPK fertilization. The cultivar used was 'Obatã IAC 1669' in 3.0 x 0.6 m spacing. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes of plagiotropic branches, stem diameter, plant height and yield, in two harvest periods, besides the surface chemical characteristic of the soil. Increasing the dose of the slow-release fertilizer leads to greater plant growth; the coffee plant presents a highly responsive behavior to the increase in fertilizer doses in relation to nitrogen, and the use of the slow-release fertilizer Agroblen (20-05-20) 100% and ammonium sulfate + SS + KCl allows greater yield.
ABSTRACT
Two lead treatments (flatbed and raised bed) and five nitrogen treatments (100 percent inorganic source, 100% farm yard manure, 50% inorganic source + 50% by farm yard manure, 75% inorganic source + 25% by farm yard manure, and 100% inorganic source + 25% by farm yard manure) were used in the triplicate study, which was conducted using a split plot design. The samples were analyzed 25, 50, and 75 days after sowing. The administration of treatment T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) produced the tallest number of plants, as well as the most leaves per plant, weight per plant, and dry weight per plant, according to the results. On the shortest day, 50% tasseling was noted; nevertheless, this occurred with T1 (100% IO) application. Therefore, the combination of organic nitrogen sources with inorganic nitrogen sources in T3 (50% Inorganic + 50% Farm yard manure) with litter improved the performance of maize. It is recommended to use beds with 50% Inorganic + 50% Farm yard manure for crop growth.
ABSTRACT
Due to high yielding and short duration hybrid pearl millet got populized in last few years under pearlmillet-mustard/wheat cropping system but its required higher nutrient as compared to composite varieties but farmers apply only N and little amount of P which is responsile for low yield therefore, the present study was carried out during kharif 2021 and 2022 with 12 treatments of different sources which are chemical fertilizers, vermicompost (VC) and bio-fertilizers(Azotobacter and PSB) and application methods (seed treatment, soil and foliar application) of nitrogen and phosphorus in RBD with 3 replications. The resulted indicated that the application of 100% Nitrogen and Phosphorus by chemical fertilizers produced significantly higher yield attributes (length and girth of cobs) and yield parameter (grain and stover yield and harvest index) of pearlmilletas compared to 50 and 75% NP treatments. Maximum grain yield 29.87 q ha-1) was noted with integration of chemical, organic and bio fertilizers (75% NP + Seed treatment by Azoto + PSB + 5 t VCha-1) which was significantly higher over rest of all other treatments. Minimum yield parameters were noted with control (0 % NP). Application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 with 75 per cent of NP and inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB improved test weight and protein content.
ABSTRACT
In rabi 2018-19, a field experiment using wheat cultivar K 1006 was carried out at the Students Instructional Farm of C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.). The location of the experiment is between 25° 56' and 28° 58' North and 79° 31' to 80° 34' East longitude. The study location was described as having a sandy loam texture, being alkaline (pH 8.19), containing 0.41% organic carbon, 187 kg/ha of available nitrogen, 11 kg/ha of available phosphorus, and 177 kg/ha of available potassium. Eight treatments (RDF-120:60:40 NPK Kg ha-1 as the recommended dose of fertilizer), RDF + Azotobacter, RDF + Azotobacter + Vermicompost @ 3.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + Vermicompost @ 4.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + Vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + FYM @ 4.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + FYM @ 8.0 t ha-1, and RDF + Azotobacter + FYM @ 12.0 t ha-1 were setup in a randomized block design with three replications. The highest plant height at 30 DAS (21.67 cm) and 90 DAS (99.50 cm), the number of total (5.52) and productive (5.15) tillers /plant, the initial (115.25) and final (459) plant population /m2, the spike length (11.15 cm), the number of grains /spike (54.60), the grain weight /spike (2.26 g) and test weight (41.45 g), biological yield (131.25 q/ha), grain yield (56.40 q/ha), straw yield (74.85 q/ha), and harvest index (42.98) were found to be most effectively affected by the combination of RDF + Azotobacter + Vermi-compost @ 5.0 t ha-1.Therefore, the growth and yield of wheat might be increased by up to 16–18% beyond the prescribed fertilizer dosages when the seed was infected with Azotobacter @ 1 packet Azotobacter with 10 kg seed and soil amended with Vermi–compost @ 5 t/ha in addition to RDF.
ABSTRACT
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the important abiotic factors limiting rice productivity worldwide and is also a widespread nutritional disorder affecting human health. Zinc deficiency greatly influences and changes the soil physico-chemical properties over long application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures on different type of agricultural soils. Given that rice is a staple for populations in many countries, studies of Zn dynamics and management in rice are of great importance in different agroclimatic regions of agricultural soils. In this context, the continuous application of chemical fertilizers and organics has widely affected the zinc dynamics, nutrient content and their uptake by rice crop.
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Aims: To refine nutrient management practices for the groundnut-blackgram cropping sequence, focusing on enhancing both yield and quality.Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: Regional Research Station in Vridhachalam during the Kharif and rabi season of 2016-17.Methodology: The experimental encompassed various nutrient levels applied to groundnut in the main plots: M1-Control, M2-100% RDF, M3-125% RDF, and M4-150% RDF. Additionally, different nutrient levels were applied to the blackgram subplot: S1-Control, S2-50% RDF, S3-75% RDF, and S4-100% RDF.Results: Analysis of the results indicated that use of 125% RDF in groundnut significantly provide higher pod yield (2657 kg/ha). However, the control group recorded a significantly lower pod yield. Subsequent blackgram seed yield was notably influenced by inorganic fertilizers applied to the preceding groundnut crop. In blackgram, the application of 75% RDF resulted in a higher number of pods per plant (34.6), No. of branches/plant (7.8) and seed yield (823 kg/ha). This performance was comparable to the application of 100% RDFConclusion: These findings underscore the importance of optimizing nutrient management practices, particularly the combination of 125% RDF for groundnut, to enhance pod yield, while the application of 75% RDF demonstrated positive effects on subsequent blackgram seed yield.
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crucial global crop, vital for food security and diverse applications. Maize cultivation heavily depends on fertilizers, particularly nitrogen-based ones and their widespread use poses risks like nutrient runoff, causing pollution and economic challenges.Balancing growth optimization with environmental/economic considerations requires optimizing fertilizer application and sustainable practices. This study aims to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers by replacing them with microbial-enriched urban compost and wastes in various combinations with inorganic fertilizers to enhance maize yields.A treatment incorporating 75% NPK + 7.5 t ha-1 of microbial-enriched urban solid waste compost demonstrated the highest plant height, leaf count, cob length, kernel yield, and stover yield. The combined use of enriched compost and chemical fertilizers resulted in increased nutrient availability, improved soil properties, and a favorable microbial environment, contributing to enhanced overall yield.
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The present study was conducted in four blocks of Varanasi district (Uttar Pradesh). A total 332 respondents from 63 villages were selected by the researcher. The objective of the study was to know the awareness level of respondents towards the organic fertilizers, organic farming, sources of information regarding awareness, and duration of practicing organic agriculture. It was found that around 43.97 percent of the respondents were aware of the organic farming in the study area. However only four types of organic fertilizers Organic Manure, Vermicompost, City compost, and PROM, known to the respondent out of 10 fertilizers recommended under FCO 1985, amended in July 2021. Most of the respondents practiced organic farming within the last 6 to 8 years, concurrent with the government policies emphasizing organic farming. The most important source of information regarding awareness towards organic farming was Krishi Vigyan Kendra and NGOs in the study area.
ABSTRACT
The current study, named "effect of micronutrients and biofertilizer on yield parameters of coriander Coriandrum sativum (L.) cv. RCR-41," is planned to be carried out in the Research Field, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, M.P., during Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two factors concepts i.e., Micronutrients (ZnSO4 (0.5%), FeSo4 (0.5%), CuSo4 (0.5%), Biofertilizers (Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), Azotobacter, Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB) and replicated three times and included three replications. At the time of coriander seeding, treatments combinations including RDF doses of fertilisers and biofertilizers were used. The results showed that treatment M1 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5%) was the optimum micronutrient level treatment for coriander production. Treatment B2 (Azotobacter) was shown to be the optimal biofertilizer level for coriander production. The treatment combination M1B2 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5% x Azotobacter) was shown to be considerably better among all treatment combinations, yielding the highest coriander yield characteristics.
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A study was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, Leaf Area Index, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvesting, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot, pod yield per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C and benefit-cost ratio. The results of the study indicated that the application of mixture of 50% inorganic fertilizers and 50% FYM improved the growth and yield of Okra. The highest pod yield (12.06 t/ha), pod weigh (25.42 g), TSS (9.47 Brix) and Vitamin C content (24.26) were observed in the plants treated with 50 % through Chemical fertilizer + 50 % through FYM. The benefit-cost ratio was also found to be higher in the treated plants compared to the control. Overall, the study suggests that the application of 50 % through Chemical fertilizer + 50 % through FYM can be an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of Okra.
ABSTRACT
While nitrogen (N) uptake in rice has been extensively studied, the influence of root morphology on this process is not fully elucidated. This study explores the root morphological characteristics and N uptake of five diverse rice genotypes under different N sources, including novel slow-release nanoclay polymer/biopolymer composite (NCPC/NCBPC) fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using five diverse rice genotypes (Swarna, Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa-44, MTU1010 and Nagina-22) with five N treatments (T1- control (without N fertilizer), T2- 100% RDF of N through urea, T3- 75% RDF of N through urea loaded NCPC, T4- 75% RDF of N through urea loaded NCBPC-I (NCBPC prepared with wheat flour), T5- 75% RDF of N through urea loaded NCBPC-II (NCBPC prepared with maida)). The results of the study revealed that maximum overall root growth was recorded under Pusa Basmati-1 followed by Swarna, MTU 1010, Nagina-22 and Pusa-44. Among the N treatment, maximum root growth and N uptake was recorded under NCPC treatment followed by NCBPC-II, NCBPC-I, urea and control. Thus, the study reveals significant variations in root traits among genotypes and N treatments, with notable improvements observed under NCPC and NCBPC based N treatments.
ABSTRACT
Strawberry cultivation represents a significant sector within the agriculture industry. The use of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and nano fertilizers has emerged as an essential practice to improve both the yield and quality of strawberries. This comprehensive review aims to explore the multifaceted influence of these fertilizers on Fragaria × ananassa Duch, encompassing growth, quality, and environmental considerations. The study begins with an examination of historical perspectives and existing research, identifying gaps in the literature. The methodology includes a rigorous selection process for studies, with data extraction, quality assessment, and statistical analysis. The effects of N, Ca, and nano fertilizers on growth yield are thoroughly examined, considering their combined and individual contributions. The quality of strawberries is assessed based on physical appearance, nutritional content, and sensory characteristics, highlighting the role of these nutrients in color development, size, texture, vitamin content, sugar-acid balance, flavor, and aroma. The environmental impact is another critical aspect, exploring the effect on soil quality, including nutrient leaching, soil structure, microbial activity, and long-term health. The impact on surrounding ecosystems considers aquatic and terrestrial effects, biodiversity considerations, and the associated sustainability considerations. These encompass resource efficiency, environmental compliance, life cycle analysis, and integration with sustainable agricultural practices. Findings indicate that while N, Ca, and nano fertilizers significantly enhance growth and quality, careful management is essential to mitigate potential environmental concerns. The application of nano fertilizers presents promising opportunities for precise nutrient delivery, promoting efficiency, and sustainability. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued research, innovation, and responsible management of these fertilizers in achieving a harmonious balance between productivity, quality, and environmental stewardship. The insights provided in this review contribute valuable knowledge to both scientific and agricultural communities, offering guidance for future research and best practices in strawberry cultivation.
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was carried out during rabi season 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The treatment combinations are T1:Azotobacter 25g + Zinc 0.1% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T2:Azotobacter 25g + Zinc 0.3% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T3: Azotobacter 25g + Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T4:Azospirillum 25g + Zinc 0.1% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T5:Azospirillum 25g + Zinc 0.3% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T6:Azospirillum 25g + Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T7:Azotobacter + Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.1% (30 DAS and 50DAS). T8:Azotobacter + Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.3% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T9:Azotobacter+ Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS), T10: Control (RDF-80-40-40 NPK kg/ha) are used. Results obtained that the higher plant height (205.06 cm), higher plant dry weight (78.17 g/plant), higher crop growth rate (37.6 g/m2 /day), higher ear head length (24.74 cm), higher grains/ear head (2212.69), higher test weight (10.29 gm), higher grain yield (34.16 q/ha) and higher stover yield (69.00 q/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Azotobacter+ Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS). Higher gross returns (INR 96553.67/ha), higher net returns (INR 67523.67/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.03) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Azotobacter+ Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS).
ABSTRACT
A field trial was conducted during Rabi 2020-21 in randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments comprising individual and combined application of various organic and inorganic nutrient sources at Research Farm, MMU Sadopur (Ambala), Haryana. The experiment was intended to evaluate the effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers applied in chickpea on nutrient uptake and physico-chemical properties of soil pH (8.24). The highest organic carbon (0.58%), electrical conductivity (0.51 dS m-1), particle density (2.50 g/cm3) and porosity (48.47%) along with maximum available N (126.5 kg ha-1), P (23.2 kg/ha) and K (98.33 kg/ha) were observed in the treatment of T6 i.e., 3 t/ha Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB. Similarly, the nutrient content (N, P and K) was maximum in seed and stover of chickpea harvested from the plots receiving 3 t/ha Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB, which was statistically at par with T7 i.e., 2.5 t/ha Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB. The highest net return was recorded in plots treated with 50% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer) + Rhizobium + PSB and 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB with a benefit cost ratio (B: C) of 3.2 and 3.1, respectively. However, the seed yield in integrated nutrient management was comparable to recommended dose of chemical fertilizers
ABSTRACT
Chemical fertilizer usage has been a long-drawn criticism because of its harmful effects on the environment and on the quality of agricultural produce. Researchers are continually looking for more productive, better solutions while retaining societal wellbeing. Effective use of nano fertilizers in place of chemical fertilizers is essential in reducing fertilizer overuse and also contribute in lowering the pollution and leaching which in turn increase the effectiveness of nutrient consumption and also increase the yield of the crop. An experiment was carried out in paddy to study the influence of Nano urea applications on growth and microbial populations in soil. The field trial used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatment combinations and three replications. Results showed that application of STCR based N as Urea (50%) and Nano Urea (2 sprays) and Recommended dosage of N as Urea (50%) and Nano Urea (2 sprays) recorded higher plant height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Dry matter accumulation in paddy. In addition, applications of Nano urea increased the microbial population including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Combining recommended dosage of fertilisers with nano urea spray at critical stages of paddy crop increases the crop growth and microbial activity.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out during March – June 2022 on vegetable research farm Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The objective of the experiment was to screen out the best combination of biofertilizer and inorganic manures for growth, yield, and quality of okra and to work out the economics. The design of the experiment was randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The result shows that T8 75%N + 100%PK + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB was found superior in terms of plant height (9.30cm in 20 days, 30.23cm in 40 days, 43.58cm in 60 days), plant spread (19.94cm2 in 20 days, 34.64 cm2 in 40 days, 60.74 cm2 in 60 days), days to first flowering (33.98 days), days to 50% flowering (42.43days), days to fruit setting (46.95 days), days to first fruit picking (48.68 days), fruit weight (9.83g), length of fruit at marketable stage (13.10cm), girth of fruit (2.02cm), no. of fruit per plant (23.98/plant), no. of seeds per fruit (48.39), fruit yield per plant(g) 235.65g, fruit yield per plot (kg) 7.78kg, fruit yield (t/ha) 19.44, TSS (14.61oBrix), ascorbic acid (21.31 mg/100g). Net economic returns of treatment were highest in T8 (75%N + 100%PK + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB) Rs.472592.83 with highest cost benefit ratio of (4.27).
ABSTRACT
Aims/ Objectives: Effect of soil propagation media and bio-fertilizers on seedling germination and seedling vigour in Aonla.Study Design: Completely Randomized Block Design.Place and Duration of Study: Research Field, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh during 20th February 2021 to 05th April 2021.Methodology: The experiment was laid out using Completely Randomized Block Design with 18 different combinations of growing media. In the preparation of media and filling of polybags the soil was sieved and mixed FYM, Vermicompost and Neemcake in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 then added the bio-fertilizers.Results: In this study we found that treatment GM18- Soil + Neemcake + Vermicompost + FYM + Rhizobium + Trichoderma spp. @ 2.5 g found minimum days taken to seed germination (10.00 days), maximum number of seedlings sprouted (13.32), maximum survival percent (81.03%), maximum germination percentage (94.54%), maximum seedling height (8.94 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (7.27), maximum leaf area (17.80 cm2),maximum fresh weight of shoot (4.34 g), maximum dry weight of shoot (2.21 g), maximum length of roots (7.21 cm), maximum diameter of roots (1.05 mm), maximum fresh weight of roots (1.04 g), maximum dry weight of root (0.44 g), maximum speed of germination (7.56), maximum mean daily germination (3.53), maximum peak value (1.33), maximum germination value (4.68).Conclusion: On the basis of results obtained in present investigation it is concluded that treatment GM18 (Soil + Neemcake + Vermicompost + FYM + Rhizobium + Trichoderma spp. @ 2.5 g) was found to be the best for seed germination characters and seedling vigour characters.Directions of Further Use: The experiment should be done with different concentrations of growth regulator to find the best combination.