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Purpose: Tumor?associated serum markers have demonstrated predictive and prognostic value in patients being treated for malignancies. However, the clinical importance of tumor markers in gastric cancers (GC) is poorly standardized. Objectives: The objective is to assess the clinical utility of cytokeratin?19 fragment (CYFRA 21?1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as serum tumor markers in advanced GC. Methods: In this prospective study, CYFRA 21?1 and CEA levels were measured at baseline and after three cycles of chemotherapy in patients with advanced GC. The association of tumor marker levels with prognosis and decline of tumor markers with radiological overall response rates (ORR) and survival were analyzed. Results: In the 105 patients, the proportion of patients with elevated baseline CYFRA 21?1 and CEA levels was 55% ( N = 58) and 37% ( N = 39) based on predefined cutoffs. Response assessment was done for 61 patients who received a minimum of three cycles of chemotherapy. A 15% and 13% reduction of serum levels from baseline for CYFRA 21?1 and CEA were selected for defining “CYFRA 21?1 response” and “CEA?response,” respectively. Both responses were significant predictors of radiological ORR. The median overall survival (OS) was 9.6 months in the entire cohort and 13 months for patients who received at least three cycles of chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, baseline CEA levels and ECOG status were significant predictors of OS. In a subset analysis of patients receiving palliative chemotherapy, any of the tumor marker responses predicted improved 1?year OS. Conclusion: In advanced GC, CYFRA 21?1 and CEA decline from baseline appeared to be reliable surrogate markers of chemotherapy efficacy and improved survival.

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Background: The image quality of tissues obtained with high-resolution imaging systems depends on several factors including the quality of sections prepared by different tissue processing methods. Fresh frozen sections and formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded (FFPE) sections are the two routinely employed methods in histopathological examination having their own merits and demerits. Aims and Objectives: We tested the feasibility of a hybrid tissue processing method that could reduce the processing time without compromising the quality of processed and stained tissues. Materials and Methods: Bovine pancreatic tissue was utilized to standardize the process. The steps included fixation of tissue in formalin, followed by embedding in optimal cutting temperature compound and then cryo-sectioning to obtain 50 ?m slices for immunostaining. The prepared thick slices were immunostained with islet markers and assessed by confocal imaging. Results: The images revealed that the staining quality was comparable with FFPE sections, though the tissue processing time was significantly curtailed. The modified Leica microsystems scoring system revealed a nearly 80% overall total score for the processed tissue specimens, indicating acceptable levels of quality of the tissues. We also observed that the staining quality of these formalin-fixed cryo-slices was preserved without tissue deterioration for up to 1 month when stored in formalin, indicating its storage potential for future applications. Conclusion: The proof of concept of the hybrid tissue processing method tested in this study will encourage researchers to extrapolate its use to the human pancreas, other solid organs, and other staining techniques for evaluating its general utility.

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Background: Osteoporosis-related fractures are a significant health burden, leading to prolonged recovery and reduced quality of life. Nutritional supplementation may enhance bone healing and recovery in affected patients. This study aimed to estimate the impact of nutritious supplementation on bone mending and recovery in cases with osteoporosis-related fractures. Methods: A prospective experimental study was conducted at Assam Medical Council and Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. An aggregate of 150 cases with osteoporosis-related fractures were enrolled and handled with a standardized nutritive supplementation protocol, including calcium, vitamin D, protein, and other micronutrients. Data on bone mineral viscosity Bone Mineral Density (BMD), fracture mending, functional issues, and biomarkers of bone development were collected at birth and follow-up intervals. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of supplementation on these issues. Results: Noteworthy enhancements in BMD were watched at the lumbar spine (2.5%), hip (2.5%), and wrist (3.0%) destinations. Break recuperating was accomplished in 85% of patients, with a cruel radiographic union time of 10.2±2.3 weeks. Torment levels, as measured by the Visual Simple Scale (VAS), diminished essentially. In contrast, helpful execution, evaluated through the Brief Physical Execution Battery (SPPB) and Utilitarian Freedom Degree (FIM), appeared as stamped advancement. Serum biomarkers showed upgraded bone arrangement and decreased bone resorption. Conclusion: Wholesome supplementation improves bone recuperating, increments BMD, and moves forward utilitarian results in patients with osteoporosis-related breaks. These discoveries back the integration of focused on wholesome methodologies into standard osteoporosis administration to make strides in persistent recuperation and decrease break chance.

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Background: The burden of ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death and long-term disability globally, underscores the need for predictive indicators that can guide clinical interventions. Exploring the relationship between inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and mean platelet volume (MPV) offers insights into their potential role in forecasting clinical outcomes in stroke patients. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the association between MPV and CRP levels in predicting clinical outcomes in patients following ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the government medical college in Kozhikode. There were 108 subjects with the same number of cases and age-matched controls. The levels of MPV and CRP were analyzed, and statistical methodology was applied to establish the correlation between the measured variables and clinical outcomes after stroke. Results: The results showed that the level of MPV and CRP was observed significantly in a stroke; there was a noticeably increased level of the above factors; an interesting result was obtained according to its correlation in the case where a positive relationship was established, which means that there is a strong connection between these biomarkers, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of a stroke, and further prognosis. Conclusion: MPV and CRP can be used as determining predictors for predicting ischemic stroke; this case can provide different viewpoints to understand the prognostic factor in clinical practice. This test can be the best method, in conjunction with routine testing, to determine the current and further, status of the patient. However, future longitudinal analysis will be needed to acquire patients’ general findings and test for validation results with predictive markers.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that imposes significant challenges globally. This research seeks to contribute valuable insights that can inform the development of targeted interventions, enhancing the quality of care for RA patients and potentially mitigating the broader societal burden associated with this chronic autoimmune condition. Objectives: The main objective of the current study is to investigate the demographic, psychosocial, and clinical aspects of RA patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 93 RA patients and examined their demographic characteristics, brief- Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) strategies, the prevalence of depression and anxiety, pain experiences (Mankoski Pain Scale), and diagnostic markers (Disease Activity Score [DAS-28], Rheumatoid Factor [RF], Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide [ACCP]). Results: The study revealed a bimodal age distribution, with a gender predominance aligning with established RA prevalence patterns. Patients exhibited a tendency toward adaptive coping strategies, notably religious coping, active coping, and positive reframing, with variability in maladaptive strategies. The prevalence of depression (14.0%) and anxiety (18.3%) among RA patients was consistent with documented mental health burdens. Pain experiences exhibited a heterogeneous spectrum, and diagnostic markers indicated elevated disease activity in a substantial proportion of patients, with varied distribution in RF and ACCP subcategories. Conclusion: This study provides nuanced insights into RA, emphasizing the importance of personalized coping and pain management strategies. The prevalence of mental health challenges and the spectrum of pain experiences underscore the multidimensional nature of RA, informing holistic approaches to care for enhanced patient outcomes.

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RESUMEN Introducción: El suicidio y las conductas suicidas (CS) son un fenómeno complejo y multideterminado en el que interactúan diferentes factores genéticos, ambientales e individuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de los factores genéticos asociados a la conducta suicida descritos en la literatura de los últimos 10 años. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de todos los artículos disponibles tanto artículos de revisión, como reportes de caso y guías de manejo bajo los descriptores en ciencias de la salud (DeCS) Conducta suicida, suicidio, depresión, exoma, marcadores genéticos, variación genética, genoma humano, serotonina, norepinefrina, dopamina, biología computacional en las bases de Google scholar, LILACS, PubMed y ClinicalKe, se consultaron sitios web oficiales como los de Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Desarrollo: Los estudios genéticos de las CS, llevan décadas intentando encontrar el "gen del suicidio", con el fin de identificar de manera prematura aquellas personas con mayor riesgo de realizar intentos suicidas y prevenir que se conviertan en víctimas; sin embargo, estos estudios fallaron en encontrar un gen o grupo de éstos que diferenciara entre sujetos suicidas y no suicidas. A este tipo de tecnología surgieron los estudios de asociación del genoma completo (GWAS), con los cuales algunos autores quisieron demostrar las diferencias del genoma de pacientes con ideas suicidas. Conclusión: El conocimiento de los factores genéticos implicados puede llevar a que sea posible identificar los individuos con mayor riesgo de desarrollar comportamiento suicida, de esta forma tener mejores herramientas y recibir una visión más mecanicista para explorar la red intermolecular subyacente y prevenir las muertes por esta causa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suicide and suicidal behaviors (SC) are a complex and multidetermined phenomenon in which different genetic, environmental and individual factors interact. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of the genetic factors associated with suicidal behavior described in the literature of the last 10 years. Methods: A search was made of all available articles, both review articles, case reports and management guidelines under the descriptors in health sciences (DeCS) Suicidal behavior, suicide, depression, exome, genetic markers, genetic variation, human genome, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, computational biology in the databases of Google scholar, LILACS, PubMed and ClinicalKe, official websites such as those of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia were consulted. Development: Genetic studies of CS have been trying for decades to find the "suicide gene", in order to prematurely identify those people with a higher risk of making suicide attempts and prevent them from becoming victims; however, these studies failed to find a gene or group of genes that differentiated between suicidal and nonsuicidal subjects. This type of technology gave rise to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), with which some authors wanted to demonstrate the differences in the genome of patients with suicidal ideas. Conclusions: Knowledge of the genetic factors involved may lead to the possibility of identifying individuals with a higher risk of developing suicidal behavior, thus having better tools and receiving a more mechanistic vision to explore the underlying intermolecular network and prevent deaths from it. cause.

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Background: Current markers(carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 [CA15-3]) lack sensitivity in diagnosis of breast cancer. The aberrantly expressed circulating miRNAs were shown as diagnostic markers in breast cancer. However, there are very few studies from the Indian population. We studied the diagnostic utility of miRNA-21, miRNA-155 and miRNA-205 compared to CEA and CA15-3 in stage I and II breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty newly diagnosed women with stage I/II breast cancer and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Expression of circulating miRNAs was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas CEA and CA 15-3 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were upregulated, miRNA-205 down-regulated (P < 0.05) and serum CEA and CA15-3 levels increased in breast cancer patients (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed significant area under curve (AUC) for all markers(0.656 to 0.993; P = 0.015 to <0.001) validating their diagnostic potential. Unlike CEA and CA15-3, miRNAs retained their sensitivity even at higher cut-offs(95% CI of mean). Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between disease and marker positivity for miRNA-21 and miRNA-205 but not for miRNA-155. Combining CA15-3 with miRNAs did not improve their diagnostic performance. However, combining CEA with either miRNA-21 (AUC = 0.742; P < 0.001 versus AUC = 0.656; P = 0.018) or miRNA-205 (AUC = 0.733; P < 0.001 versus AUC = 0.700; P < 0.001) increased its diagnostic performance. Conclusion: Our study shows miRNA-21 and miRNA-205, are useful as diagnostic markers for breast cancer in the Indian population and combination of these miRNAs with CEA but not with CA 15-3 improved their diagnostic performance.

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Fundamento: la trombofilia hereditaria se define como la tendencia genéticamente determinada al tromboembolismo venoso, entidad con una incidencia importante a nivel mundial. Desde el laboratorio pudieran explicarse un gran porcentaje de estos eventos de trombosis. Objetivo: caracterizar desde el punto de vista clínico humoral las trombofilias hereditarias e identificar la posible relación entre marcadores bioquímicos alterados de trombosis y su recurrencia. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el laboratorio de hemostasia del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, en el periodo de un año. Se tuvo como referencia 39 pacientes: 26 con eventos trombóticos egresados de los Servicios de Angiología, Cirugía Cardiovascular y Neurología, y 13 sin evento conocido, familiares de primera línea de aquellos pacientes que resultaron con marcadores de trombofilia positivos durante el estudio. Las variables clínicas analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de trombosis y número de eventos trombóticos en el paciente. Se calcularon media, desviación estándar y porcentajes. Resultados: el déficit de proteína S ocupó el primer lugar con 22 (56,4 %). La combinación de parámetros alterados que predominó fue el déficit de proteína C y S con 8 (20,5 %). En el 64,1 % se encontraron dos o más marcadores alterados; se muestran similares porcentajes en pacientes con 1, con 2 dos o más eventos de trombosis. Conclusión: la trombofilia se presentó como una enfermedad que afecta fundamentalmente a mujeres, en edades intermedias de la vida. En pacientes asintomáticos con antecedentes familiares de evento trombótico, sin aparente causa, los marcadores de laboratorio orientan el enfoque diagnóstico. La presencia de dos o más marcadores trombogénicos positivos inclina a la ocurrencia de eventos trombóticos en esta población.

Foundation: hereditary thrombophilia is defined as the genetically determined tendency to venous thromboembolism, an entity with a significant incidence worldwide. A large percentage of these thrombosis events could be explained from the laboratory. Objective: to characterize hereditary thrombophilias from a humoral clinical point of view and to identify the possible relationship between altered biochemical markers of thrombosis and its recurrence. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the hemostasis laboratory of the Saturnino Lora Provincial Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, over a period of one year. 39 patients were used as a reference: 26 with thrombotic events discharged from the Angiology, Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology Services, and 13 without a known event, first-line relatives of those patients who had positive thrombophilia markers during the study. The clinical variables analyzed were: age, sex, personal and family history of thrombosis and number of thrombotic events in the patient. Mean, standard deviation and percentages were calculated. Results: protein S deficiency ranked first with 22 (56.4 %). The combination of altered parameters that predominated was protein C and S deficiency with 8 (20.5 %). Two or more altered markers were found in 64.1 %; similar percentages are shown in patients with 1, 2 or more thrombosis events. Conclusion: thrombophilia was presented as a disease that mainly affects women, at intermediate ages of life. In asymptomatic patients with a family history of thrombotic event, without apparent cause, laboratory markers guide the diagnostic approach. The presence of two or more positive thrombogenic markers suggests the occurrence of thrombotic events in this population.

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Background: Obesity is a classical metabolic disease that induces inflammation evidenced by various inflammatory markers in the circulation. Chronic inflammation is one of the risk factors to cause insulin resistance and leads to diabetes mellitus. Hence, the current study aimed to find the association between inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in young medical students. Aim and Objective: The aim and objective are to study the association between inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in young medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 60 young medical students of both genders of the host institute divided into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI). All the participants were examined by a clinician for their history of illness and parenteral illness. Later their fasting blood samples were collected and stored at a frozen temperature to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and insulin resistance along with basic demographic data. Results: The mean age of participants in group 1 (cases) was 21.86 ± 3.87 years and in group 2 (controls) 20.95 ± 4.22 years. The BMI of the case group 27.34 ± 2.39 kg/m2 is significantly higher than the control 21.69 ± 2.21 kg/m2 (P < 0.001). All glycemic and inflammatory markers are significantly higher in cases than controls showed statistically significant, FBS, Hs-CRP, insulin, and insulin resistance (P < 0.001). Although there was a similar trend between Hs-CRP and insulin resistance, the correlation has shown a weak association. Conclusion: The current study reveals that the glycemic variables and inflammatory markers are significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. The association of Hs-CRP with insulin resistance has shown a weak association, however, it was shown a better trend than controls, and further studies are warranted to provide new insights into obesity.

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Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) manifests as inflammation, leading to a raised level of associated biomarkers, which assists in risk stratification. We investigated the correlation between demography and biomarkers, namely, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), and serum ferritin with prognosis among COVID-19 patients. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted on COVID-19 patients amidst the second wave of the pandemic. IL-6, PCT, serum ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer levels were analyzed among patients diagnosed as COVID-positive by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result: Out of 1663 patients included in this study, 65% were males, with the median age of the study population being 48 years. The mean levels of IL-6, ferritin, CRP, and PCT were significantly raised in the older age group (47-95 years) than the younger population (4-46 years), whereas D-dimer was found to be raised in all age groups. The mortality rate was 5% (median age- 59 years), with males showing high severity and a mortality rate 67.4%. Conclusion: Evaluating and tracking the biomarkers at the outset of the disease has been proven to give a substantial edge in assessing disease prognosis and preventing mortality. Henceforth, they become the guiding force for management strategies in this era of precision medicine.

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Aim: This study investigates the genetic diversity and distribution of different species of whiteflies on 20 host plants vegetables (cucumber, summer squash, pumpkin, tomato, brinjal, okra), field crops (sunflower, lettuce, field bean, lobia), commercial crops (cotton, tobacco), ornamentals (chrysanthemum, bellflower, marigold), fruit crops (lemon), trees (mulberry, wild tamarind, ficus), and others (wild brinjal) in New Delhi. Methodology: Genetic diversity was assessed through mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I gene-based molecular markers. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that whitefly Bemisia tabaci was the most prevalent pest species across the crops reported in this study. The other whitefly species, viz., Dialeurodes sp., Singhiella simplex, Aleuroclava sp., Tetraleurodes acaciae, Trialeurodes vapororium, and Aleurodicus floccissimus were reported as pests of different horticultural crops. Interpretation: Genetic diversity of B. tabaci revealed that the genetic groups Asia II-1 and Asia II-7 were most prevalent, while Asia I was the minor one. Understanding the species composition and genetic diversity of whiteflies will help in devising appropriate control strategies.

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Background: The diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) poses a massive problem during tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. This study set out to find the role of Interferon Gamma (IFN-?) and Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) in pleural fluid as markers for early diagnosis of TPE to improve the accuracy and, hence, the opportunity for early and effective intervention for patients. Aims and Objectives: (i) The aims and objectives of the study are to compare the levels of IFN-? and ADA in pleural fluid samples from patients with tuberculous and non-TPEs; (ii) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers in differentiating TPE from other causes; and (iii) to analyze the correlation of IFN-? and ADA levels with other routine diagnostic parameters for TB. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a forward- looking, case–control methodology to compare outcomes across groups. One hundred individuals presenting with pleural effusion were selected for participation. This cohort was divided evenly, with 50 individuals identified with TPE and 50 showing non-tuberculous types of effusion, including those caused by parapneumonic and cancerous processes. Eligible participants were aged between 20 and 60 years and tested negative for the human immunodeficiency virus. Exclusion criteria included pleural effusion arising from viral infections, pregnancy or breastfeeding status, adverse drug reactions affecting the skin, or empyema. Thoracocentesis was performed to collect pleural fluid following participants’ informed consent under sterile conditions. The analysis of pleural fluid encompassed measurements of IFN-? through enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay techniques and ADA levels through an ADA assay kit. In addition, venous blood was drawn to conduct routine hematological and biochemical tests, including evaluating serum lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol levels. Results: It was found that the mean level of IFN-? was significantly (P < 0.00001) higher in patients with TPE, 186.66 ± 134.46 pg/mL, as compared to the level in non-tuberculous effusion 47.53 ± 68.94 pg/mL. Similarly, the difference in ADA level was also significant (P = 0.016) between the two groups. The mean level of ADA was significantly (P = 0.016) higher in TPE, 135.93 ± 239 U/L, compared to the level in non-tuberculous effusion, 58.86 ± 87.83 U/L. Conclusion: The significant elevation in IFN-? and ADA levels in TPE patients re-emphasizes their potential as specific markers in this clinical condition and suggests considering IFN-? in combination with ADA as valuable parameters in the differentiation of tuberculous from non-tuberculous effusions and thereby, this advancementin the realm of quick markers of diagnosis would play a crucial role in the refinement of diagnosis strategy in TB which would be of immense help in improving the patients’ outcome.

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Nowadays, molecular characterization is essential for studying the varietal diversity of species. In addition, SSR molecular markers are widely used to identify and distinguish the genetic relationship of mango cultivars. The study aim is to determine the variability structuring level of 18 mango cultivars in Burkina Faso. Thus, genomic DNA was extracted in 2022 from young leaves at the molecular biology unit of the Biosciences laboratory at Joseph KI-ZERBO University (Burkina Faso). Analysis of the results showed a polymorphic percentage average of 21.49% per marker. Genetic distance showed that the similarity coefficient range is 0.0002 to 1.09. The greatest genetic distance (1.09) was calculated for the pairs (VSB, Valencia) and (VSB, Miamilate). On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance (0.0002) was calculated between Alphonso and Francis, Keitt and Sensation, and Mangot vert and Glazier. Examination of the dendrogram shows that the cultivars can be classified into two major groups of nine cultivars each. The first group includes Miamilate, Valencia, Lippens, Zill, Keitt, Sensation, Kent, Brooks, and Bewerly cultivars. The second group includes the cultivars Mangot vert, Glazier, Amélie, Dixon, Springfield, Francis, Alphonso, VSB and Mangot sabre. These results showed that cultivars are genetically very diverse. Therefore, our findings could be used for genetic diversity analysis and the marker-assisted breeding of mango germplasm.

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Sepsis is a serious condition that occurs when a person's immune system responds excessively to an infection, causing an inflammatory reaction that damages the body's organs. One of the complications that can occur in sepsis patients is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS are conditions with high mortality rates, so it is important to prevent them. This study aims to determine clinical and biological markers that can be used as a reference in predicting ARDS in sepsis patients, so that prevention efforts can be carried out quickly and precisely. We performed a search in two databases (PubMed and Cochrane) for articles published between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2023 that reported markers or predictors of ARDS in sepsis patients. Eleven studies out of the 360 articles identified, met the inclusion criteria for this review. APACHE II score (MD 0.36; 95% CI=0.15-0.56), sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) score (Mean difference (MD)=0.50; 95% CI=0.04-0.97), CRP (MD=0.75; 95% CI=0.46-1.04), SP-D (MD=0.70; 95% CI=0.51-0.90), and serum receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) (MD=0.72; 95% CI=0.59-0.84) have a significant influence on the incidence of ARDS in sepsis patients. Overall, the findings of a meta-analysis that included 11 studies involving 6,623 patients showed that the APACHE II score, SOFA score, CRP, SP-D, and sRAGE showed statistically significant values.

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Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious in?ammatory disorder of the pancreas that can lead to signi?cant morbidity and mortality. Over the years, numerous studies have delved into understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors associated with AP, yet predicting the severity of the disease remains an intricate puzzle. This study aimed to evaluate the role of clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. This prospective observational study, conducted over 2 years at a Northern Indian teaching hospital,Methods: focused on acute pancreatitis. In compliance with ethical standards, it enrolled participants aged over 18 years with con?rmed acute pancreatitis diagnosis. Data collection involved demographic, clinical, and radiological parameters. Analysis, including logistic regression, identi?ed independent predictors of severity. Ethical considerations included informed consent and strict con?dentiality of data. Out of a total 146Results: patients, the majority were male (64.4%). As per the Atlanta classi?cation, about 67.8% of the patients were diagnosed with mild pancreatitis, and 32.2% from severe pancreatitis. The univariate analysis of CT Balthazar grades and laboratory parameters reveals signi?cant associations. APACHE-II Score, CRP, Ranson score, Glasgow score, and leucocytosis exhibited strong correlations (p < 0.001). Severe pancreatitis predictors include Ranson score (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.12-2.24), age (per year increase, OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.98), and acute ?uid collections (1 AFC, OR 2.78, 95% CI 2.22-3.98). The identi?ed predictors of severity and complications offer valuable insights for risk strati?cation, guidingConclusion: therapeutic decisions, and optimizing patient outcomes for acute pancreatitis

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Background: Acute pancreatitis is a self-limiting disease process which when diagnosed at the primary stages helps us manage the condition with utmost care, however in severe cases it has been deemed to be one of the most common lethal conditions. The various prognostic indicators to predict the severity of the acute pancreatitis includes Ranson, modified Glasgow, MOSS, CT severity index, Apache II scoring systems and biochemical markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), IL 6 and serum prolactin level. Methods: A total of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were studied at the Sri Siddhartha institute of medical sciences and research centre during the period of October 2019 to September 2021. We assessed the Ranson’s score as well as the CRP levels in the patients at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Results: In this study, 47 patients were male and only 3 were females. The patients with the Ranson’s score of 2 or <2, 3-4, 5 or >5 were seen in 21, 22 and 7 cases respectively. Further, the mean ± SD level of CRP at 24, 48 and 72 hours was 120.348±47.51, 134.926±47.26 and 146.57±44.43 respectively. It was found to be statistically significant. We report 8% mortality rate in our study. Conclusions: Our study showed that both CRP as well as Ranson’s score is good predictors of the disease process. Ranson’s score was a one-time assessment of the disease severity of acute pancreatitis, while CRP levels showed a concurrent increase in the CRP levels after each 24 hour interval which reflects the increased progression of the disease process with time at the initial stage of acute pancreatitis.

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Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an established therapeutic strategy for intermediate stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, patients who are early refractory to TACE may not benefit from repeated TACE treatment. Our primary objective was to assess the diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in identifying early TACE refractory for patients with early (BCLC 0 and A) or intermediate (BCLC B) stage HCC. We retrospectively reviewed the HCC patients who underwent TACE as the initial treatment in two hospitals. Patients with early TACE refractoriness had significantly poorer median overall survival (OS) (16 vs 40 months, P<0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (7 vs 23 months, P<0.001) compared to TACE non-refractory patients. In the multivariate regression analysis, tumor size (P<0.001), bilobular invasion (P=0.007), high aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (P=0.007), and high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (P=0.035) were independent risk factors for early TACE refractoriness. The predictive model showcasing these factors exhibited high ability proficiency, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.833 (95%CI=0.774-0.892) in the training cohort, 0.750 (95%CI: 0.640-0.861) in the internal-validation cohort, and 0.733 (95%CI: 0.594-0.872) in the external-validation cohort. Calibration curve analysis revealed good agreement between the actual and predicted probabilities of early TACE refractoriness. Our preliminary study estimated the potential value of inflammatory markers in predicting early TACE refractoriness and provides a predictive model to assist in identifying patients who may not benefit from repeat TACE treatment.

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Background: Breast cancer is clinically categorized into 4 major subtypes, ER (+), PR (+), Her2 (+), and TNBC. Although the correlation between sonographic features of breast cancer and immunohistochemistry markers expression is found, it is not still very clear; thus, this study aimed to investigate the ultrasound features of breast cancer and analyze the correlation between them. Methods: This was a prospective study, in which patients with breast lumps were sonologically categorized as BI-RADS 4 and above. Percutaneous biopsy was done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry markers were correlated with ultrasound findings. Results: ER (+), PR (+) tumors were associated with irregular shape. ER (+), PR (+), and Her2 (+) tumors were associated with indistinct margin. TNBC tumor was associated with microlobulated margin. TNBC cases had more posterior acoustic enhancement. Conclusions: Young female with ultrasound features of oval/round shape, micro-lobulated margin, abrupt tumor interface, showing posterior acoustic enhancement, absence of microcalcification was significantly associated with TNBC. Tumor with an irregular shape, indistinct margin, hyperechoic halo, no change in posterior acoustic feature, and presence of microcalcification were significantly associated with ER (+) cancers. Tumor with irregular shape, indistinct margin, and no change in the posterior acoustic feature was significantly associated with PR (+) cancers. Tumour with indistinct margin, and hyperechoic halo is significantly associated with Her2 (+) cancers. Tumor with irregular shape, indistinct margin, hyperechoic halo, and no posterior acoustic feature was associated with NTNBC.

ABSTRACT

Hyperoxaluria is described by an augmented urinary elimination of oxalate. Systemic oxalosis is the term for the condition that occurs when the burden of calcium oxalate (CaOx) surpasses the renal capacity to excrete it. When individuals acquire chronic renal disease, elevated urinary oxalate levels aid in diagnosis, whereas plasma oxalate levels are probably more reliable. Based on bioinformatic analysis, the study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNA as potential biomarkers to differentiate normal versus hyperoxaluric state compared to the stage of CaOx crystals in the kidney. Published microarray data for gene expression patterns of normal controls, hyperoxaluric kidney tissue, and kidney tissue at the stage of crystal formation were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. Integrated bioinformatics methods were utilized to analyze and compare these gene expression patterns. The data processing was conducted using R software. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database were employed to explore the enrichment of pathways and functions in the DEGs. Additionally, the STRING database was utilized to investigate protein–protein interactions. Tarbase, Mirnda, and DIANA software were used to obtain miRNAs for the top 10 DEGs. A total of 62,966 genes were screened, 2,814 were differentially expressed, out of which 603 genes were statistically significantly differentially expressed, after analyzing the GSE89028 dataset. A total of 2,810 genes were downregulated and only 4 genes were upregulated on day 14. The genes Cdt1 and cdhr4 were highly significantly differentiated with log2 (fold change) being ?3.085 and ?3.966, respectively, ?log 10 (p-value) being 6.857 and 6.196, respectively, at 14 days. On day 28, 62,976 genes were screened, out of which 356 were significantly differentiated. Only four genes were upregulated and 240 genes were downregulated. Csmd1, Olr154, Cntfr, Zbtb16 log2 (fold change) being 1.188, 1.527, 1.782, and 2.636, respectively; ?log 10 (p-value) being 4.071, 3.804, 4.357, and 4.061, respectively. The text mining evidence was observed on string analysis in both the contexts. The strength of alternative splicing (cellular enrichment) was 1.16 with a false discovery rate of 0.0409. The study showcases the effectiveness of bioinformatics analytical methods in pinpointing potential pathogenic genes associated with hyperoxaluria and the deposition of crystals in the kidneys. The interaction network identified two miRNAs, hsa-miR-6884-5p and hsa-miR-4653-5p, and two genes CDHR4 and EGR2 as significant players.