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Depression is a complex emotional and mental disorder. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) methods for treating depression mainly include soothing the liver and relieving depression. Our research team proposes that depression is caused by Yang Qi deficiency and obstructed Qi movement, which are closely related to neurological and psychological changes induced by early traumatic experiences. Therefore, we suggest that the treatment should focus on warming Yang, replenishing Qi, and promoting Qi movement and have formulated Wenyang Jieyu prescription based on Erxiantang for warming yang and Xiaoyaosan for relieving depression. The experiment with the mouse model of early trauma induced by maternal separation showed that Wenyang Jieyu prescription significantly improved the mouse activity and environmental exploration, reduced the immobility time in forced swimming and tail suspension tests, alleviated the behaviors such as aversion to darkness and fear of open space, enhanced social interaction and social cognitive abilities, altered decision-making biases, reduced depression-like behaviors, and improved the decision-making patterns. Additionally, the prescription lowered the serum level of cortisol, inhibited the cortisol surge in the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test, up-regulated the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) in the hippocampus, down-regulated the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), inhibited the methylation of GR exon 1 and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and restored the negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Furthermore, Wenyang Jieyu prescription up-regulated the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), elevated the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (Syn), decreased the cell apoptosis index and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax)/Bcl-2 ratio, suppressed the expression of Caspase-3, and enhanced the neuroplasticity and anti-apoptotic capacity in the hippocampus. Considering the research results, related articles, and clinical experience, we conclude that depression should be treated with liver-soothing and depression-relieving herbs, which can be supplemented with spleen-invigorating and Qi-regulating herbs to alleviate depressive symptoms. The Yang-warming and kidney-tonifying herbs can be used to eliminate the root cause and prevent relapse. Additionally, the wind-dispersing herbs can be supplemented to regulate the Qi movement throughout the body, thereby enhancing the efficacy of depression-relieving treatment.
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ObjectiveBased on the integrated strategy of "empirical prescriptions in ancient books-medical cases by prestigious doctors-computational analysis", this study aims to explore and analyze the prescriptions and medical cases for treating tremors in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), predict their efficacy, and obtain the core prescriptions for treating tremors in TCM, providing references for clinical application and new drug development. MethodThe Chinese Medicine Prescription Database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for relevant prescriptions and medical cases for treating tremors in TCM to establish a database of prescriptions for tremors. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computer System (V3.0) was used to analyze and explore the medication rules including drug frequency, properties, flavor, meridian tropism, and pharmacological effects, as well as core drugs and formula associations. A multi-target drug efficacy prediction platform based on network robustness was used to evaluate the predicted efficacy of the core prescriptions obtained. Based on the integration of ancient prescriptions, prestigious doctors' medical cases, and network analysis results, the priority level of the developed prescriptions was determined through comprehensive evaluation. ResultA total of 81 ancient prescriptions were screened, involving 246 drugs, and 171 prescriptions were screened from prestigious doctors' medical cases, involving 278 drugs. The frequently used TCM drugs were mostly warm in nature and sweet in flavor, mainly acting on the liver, spleen, and kidney meridians. In terms of efficacy, they were mainly effective in tonifying deficiency, soothing liver and extinguishing wind, activating blood and resolving blood stasis, clearing heat, and resolving exterior. Through association rules and K-means clustering, the core prescriptions were composed of high-frequency drugs such as Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, and Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. Drug combinations mainly focused on tonifying Qi and nourishing blood, with the additional functions of calming wind and dredging collaterals. Clustering analysis of core prescriptions from ancient prescriptions and prestigious doctors' medical cases, as well as multi-target drug efficacy prediction, showed that Combination 1 had the highest disturbance score on the disease network. Furthermore, comparative analysis revealed consistent results with both the analysis of ancient prescriptions and prestigious doctors' medical cases, indicating its optimal development potential based on theoretical inheritance and empirical practice. In comparison, Combinations 3, 2, and 4 were less utilized in contemporary clinical practice, with lower rankings in network disturbance scores, suggesting that their development value still warranted further exploration. ConclusionTCM clinical treatment of tremors emphasizes the regulation of the liver, spleen, and kidney. In line of syndrome differentiation, drugs potent in soothing liver, extinguishing wind, activating blood, and resolving blood stasis are added based on deficiency-tonifying drugs. The core prescriptions based on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Astragali Radix, Poria, and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (combination 1) have the highest potential development value. The integrated strategy "empirical prescriptions in ancient books-medical cases by prestigious doctors-computational analysis" can be used for the screening of candidate prescriptions for new TCM drugs.
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Purpose/Significance By using data mining methods,the medication rules and prescription characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating hypertension with preserved ejection fraction heart failure are discussed.Method/Process The da-tabase is established based on the TCMprescription information of hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction heart failure ad-mitted to the Cardiovascular Disease Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from Janu-ary 2019 to July 2022.SPSS Statistics and Moderler software are used to analyze the frequency,taste,meridian tropism,efficacy,associ-ation rules,clustering and factor analysis of the prescriptions to explore medication rules.Result/Conclusion TCMin the treatment of hy-pertension with preserved ejection fraction heart failure is mainly to replenish qi and spleen,nourish the heart and calm the mind,relieve phlegm,relieve cough and asthma,and pay attention to promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,promoting water infiltra-tion and dampness,which can reflect the overall concept of TCMand the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment based on syndrome dif-ferentiation and provide references for clinical medication.
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[Objective]To explore the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)through data mining based on the distribution of syndromes.[Methods]Randomized controlled trials of TCM syndrome differentiation in the treatment of PCOS from CNKI,Wanfang Data Platform,VIP full-text database,Web of Science and PubMed were systematically searched.Exce12019,SPSS Modeler 18.0,SPSS Statistics 26.0 and other softwares were used for data analysis to explore the drug characteristics and rules of TCM treatment of PCOS based on syndrome distribution.[Results]A total of 281 literatures were included,including 3 427 frequent Chinese drugs,among which spleen deficiency phlegm dampness was the most involved syndrome type,and Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Poria cocos,Cuscuta chinensis Lam and so on were the most frequently used Chinese medicines.The amount of prescription drugs was mostly between 10~20 g,deficiency tonic drugs were the most common efficacy type in prescription,and warm and plain were the most common drug properties.Sweet and pungent were the most common drug flavors,while liver,kidney and spleen channels were the most common drug normalization channels.Drug types were also different under different syndrome types.Association rule analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on the top 3 syndrome types,and complex network diagram and tree diagram were drawn to explore the characteristics and rules of TCM treatment of PCOS under different syndrome types.[Conclusion]The clinical manifestations of PCOS are highly heterogeneous,and the treatment mainly focuses on tonifying the spleen and kidney,regulating Qi,resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis.The treatment methods of patients with different syndrome types are also different.TCM syndrome differentiation has unique advantages in the treatment of PCOS with significant effects,and the clinical treatment should be based on reasonable syndrome differentiation.
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Objective To analyze the medication rules of Professor LAO Shaoxian in the treatment of gastric stuffiness based on syndrome differentiation.Methods The effective prescriptions for patients with gastric stuffiness treated by Professor LAO Shaoxian from March 2017 to March 2022 were collected,and the general information,chief complaints,diagnosis,syndrome differentiation and prescriptions of patients were extracted.Excel software and the ancient and modern medical records cloud platform(V 2.3.7)were used to construct the prescription database.Data mining function was used to carry out analysis of the syndrome type of prescription,analysis of the frequency and property of Chinese herbs,as well as association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results A total of 272 prescriptions were included,involving 164 kinds of medicinal herbs.The main traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types are damp-heat syndrome and qi stagnation syndrome.The frequency of 25 herbs was more than or equal to 30 times.The representative herbs is Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Perillae Caulis and Aucklandiae Radix.The medicinal properties are mainly warm and flat.The medicinal flavors are spicy,bitter and sweet.The drug meridians mainly included the spleen,stomach and lung meridians,followed by the liver meridian.There were 23 core drug pairs obtained by association rules,such as"Aucklandiae Radix-Perillae Caulis","Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Perillae Caulis",and"Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium".Clustering analysis of drugs can be divided into three combinations,which have the effects of regulating qi and relieving distension,resolving dampness,and clearing heat and detoxifying.Conclusion The core prescription of Professor LAO Shaoxian in the treatment of gastric stuffiness is Aucklandiae Radix,Perillae Caulis,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Kaki Calyx,Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Arecae Pericarpium.It focuses on regulating qi movement of middle jiao and treating spleen and stomach simultaneously.The main therapeutic method is regulating qi and relieving distension.At the same time,attention should be paid to the application of dampness-dispelling and stagnation-removing,heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs.The clinical therapy of Professor LAO Shaoxian on gastric stuffiness is significant,which can be used as a reference for diagnosis and treatment.
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ObjectiveTo analyze and summarize the medication rules of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of insomnia using data mining. MethodThe literature on the treatment of insomnia with Pinelliae Rhizoma was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and PubMed databases over the past 10 years. An Excel database was constructed to record the prescriptions of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products in the treatment of insomnia. SPSS 26.0 software was used for frequency analysis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes related to insomnia, compatibility of drugs, drug effects, and properties. SPSS 26.0 was also used for cluster analysis, factor analysis, and IBM Modeler 18.0 plugin for association rule analysis of the core compatibility of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products and combinations. ResultAfter applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 125 relevant articles were finally included. The commonly used processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia were Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine. Among them, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum was the most frequently used. All three processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma were often used for insomnia with such TCM syndromes as phlegm-heat disturbing the heart, phlegm-dampness obstructing the interior, and liver Qi stagnation. The compatible drugs were sweet, bitter, and pungent in flavor, cold in nature, and acted on the lung, spleen, heart, and liver meridians, with functions of nourishing deficiency, clearing heat, and calming the mind. The common prescriptions used were Wendantang, Chaihu Longgu Mulitang, Banxia Xiexintang, and Xiaochaihutang, with doses ranging from 6 to 30 g. The core drug combinations were Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum-Poria-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine-Jujubae Fructus-Codonopsis Radix, and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine-Scutellariae Radix-Bupleuri Radix. ConclusionThis study, for the first time, analyzed and summarized the compatibility and prescription application rules of commonly used processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia from the perspective of TCM syndrome differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for the rational, safe, and effective use of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia in TCM.
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ObjectiveTo explore the macroscopic medication pattern of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating esophageal cancer (EC) and provide medication references for the clinical application of TCM in EC treatment. MethodRelevant literature on TCM treatment of EC was retrieved from three major Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP. Information about Chinese herbal medicines was entered into Excel to establish a prescription database for EC. The data were standardized, summarized, and subjected to frequency analysis, association rules, and cluster analysis of medication in the prescriptions. Based on the TCM classification of EC syndromes, clinical indications corresponding to each syndrome were identified, and high-frequency drugs and drug pairs were analyzed correspondingly with syndromes. ResultA total of 136 prescriptions containing 240 Chinese herbal medicines were screened, with a cumulative frequency of 1 853 times. The top 5 frequently used Chinese herbal medicines were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, and Pinelliae Rhizoma. In terms of functions, the Chinese herbal medicines were mainly deficiency-tonifying, urination-promoting and dampness-draining, deficiency-tonifying, deficiency-tonifying, and phlegm-resolving and cough and dyspnea-relieving ones. The statistical analysis of flavor, property, and meridian tropism showed that Chinese herbal medicines were mainly bitter and sweet, warm, cold, and neutral, and acted on the spleen, lung, and stomach meridians. Association rule analysis yielded nine potential drug combinations, and cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs resulted in four combination categories. The four TCM syndromes for EC corresponded to respective clinical indications, treatment drugs, and drug pairs. ConclusionTonifying deficiency, reinforcing healthy Qi, descending adverse Qi, resolving phlegm, activating blood, and resolving stasis are the basic principles of TCM treatment for EC, which are supplemented by clearing heat and dissipating mass while focusing on regulating and smoothing the qi movement. The drug combinations obtained from high-frequency drug and association rule analysis provide references for different TCM syndrome treatments of EC, offering valuable insights for clinical medication.
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Objective:To explore the medication rules of Professor Wang Pei in the treatment of colon cancer.Methods:The medical records of Professor Wang Pei's outpatient treatment for colon cancer were collected, entered into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform V3.0, and the laws of the prescription's nature, flavor, meridian, drug frequency, drug combination, association rules, and cluster analysis were explored.Results:A total of 65 prescriptions were collected, including 150 Chinese materia medica. The medicinal properties of these Chinese materia medica are mainly warm, cold and flat, the tastes were mainly sweet, bitter and pungent, and the meridians were mainly liver, spleen and kidney meridians. Dampness category and blood circulation promoting and blood stasis category were mainly used, and the most frequently used drugs include Poria, Polyporus, Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Astragali Radix, Curcumae Rhizoma, and the pairs of Polyporus- Poria, Astragali Radix- Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle, Scutellariae Barbatae Herba- Curcumae Rhizoma. Twenty nine high-related drug pairs were obtained from association rules, including Polyporus- Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle- Astragali Radix, Poria- Scutellariae Barbatae Herba- Polyporus, Scutellariae Barbatae Herba- Curcumae Rhizoma- Polyporus. The cluster analysis showed the combination of 6 types of medicines mainly focuses on strengthening the spleen and removing dampness, nourishing qi and promoting blood, clearing heat and detoxifying, and astringing the intestines to stop bleeding. Conclusion:Professor Wang Pei mostly discusses the treatment of colon cancer from "spleen dampness, rectification deficiency, heat toxin, blood stasis, bleeding", and the treatment is "invigorating the spleen and removing dampness, invigorating Qi and strengthening the body, clearing away heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and astringent intestines to stop bleeding", which is in line with the thought of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of tumors, strengthening the righteousness and eliminating pathogenic factors, and and can be used for clinical reference.
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Objective:To analyze the rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating diabetes based on the National Patent Database.Methods:In the patent search and analysis platform of the China National Intellectual Property Administration, search the invention patents of the TCM compounds for treating diabetes during January 1,2016-December 31,2020. The Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V2.3.5) was used to conduct the statistics of Chinese materia medica frequency, the nature and meridian entry, and the analysis of association rules. The cluster analysis and factor analysis were carried out with the SPSS 25.0.Results:A total of 490 TCM compound patents were included, which involve 791 kinds of Chinese materia medica. For each patent, the number of the Chinese materia medica types was rough 13-14 in average. Remarkably, thirty kinds of Chinese materia medica with high frequencies were obtained, where tonic Chinese materia medica accounted for the largest number, followed by the heat-clearing Chinese materia medica. Among these Chinese materia medica the categories of nature are mainly flat, cold and slightly cold, while the flavors are mostly sweet, bitter and pungent, which mainly belongs to the three meridians of lung, kidney and spleen. As for the results of statistical analysis, the association rule analysis indicated that there were 17 effective kinds of Chinese materia medica pairs, such as Rhizoma Dioscoreae-Astragalus Membranaceus and Radix Rehmanniae Recen-Astragalus Membranaceus. Seven Chinese materia medica groups were derived by the cluster analysis, and 11 common factors were extracted through factor analysis. Conclusions:The TCM compounds for treating diabetes are based on clearing heat and moisturizing dryness, nourishing yin and fluid, supplemented by invigorating spleen and removing dampness, dispelling phlegm and dissolving blood stasis, purging fire and detoxification. Notably, in clinical application, phlegm, blood stasis, heat toxin and other pathological products are supposed to be the focus, must identifying the both symptoms and root causes.
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Objective:To analyze the medication law of external application of TCM in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris (PV) by using data mining method.Methods:Clinical controlled trial literature about external application of TCM in the treatment of PV was retrieved from CNKI, VIP, WanFang, SinoMed, PubMed and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the databases to May 23, 2022. Prescriptions were extracted after screening. TCM inheritance computing platform V3.0 was used to analyze the property, taste, meridian, efficacy, use frequency, common medicinal pairs and the core combinations.Results:A total 186 prescriptions were included, involving 190 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The medicines were mostly bitter and cold in property and taste, mainly belonging to the liver and heart meridians. Heat-clearing drugs were mainly used, followed by blood circulation-activating and stasis-eliminating medicines, and tonic medicines. The ten most frequently used medicines were Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Dictamni Cortex, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Kochiae Fructus, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Rehmannine Radix, and Arnebiae Radix; the 3 commonly used medicinal pairs were Sophorae Flavescentis Radix- Dictamni Cortex, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix- Cnidii Fructus, and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix- Kochiae Fructus; 4 combinations were obtained through evolution. Conclusions:External application of TCM for the treatment of PV is around the core pathogenesis of "heat toxin", mainly treating from the blood, including cooling blood and detoxifcation, activating blood circulation and removing stasis, nourishing the blood and moistening dryness. Clearing heat and drying dampness, dispelling wind and relieving itching are also valued. The treating thoughts can provide some references for clinical treatment.
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Objective To investigate the rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of PMS. Methods The literature related to PMS were collected from China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database and Weipu database in the past 20 years, the herbal compound prescriptions for the treatment of PMS were screened and a relevant database were established and analyzed by SPSS. Results The relevant literatures contains 184 Chinese medicine prescriptions/proprietary Chinese medicines, 122 flavors of traditional Chinese medicines, and the drug categories were mainly tonic drugs, antipyretic drugs, astringent drugs, and tranquilizers. The core single-flavor Chinese medicines were Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba), Shudihuang(Rehmannia glutinosa ), Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Fuling (Indian Buead). The property and flavor covered sweet, bitter, cold, etc.; and the channel tropism belonged to the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen and meridians. The cluster analysis of high-frequency Traditional Chinese Medicine obtained two main combinations. Conclusion TCM treatment of PMS focused on replenishing qi, soothing the liver, nourishing the kidneys, nourishing blood and calming the heart, and then according to clinical compatibility with drugs such as soothing the nerves, clearing heat and removing dampness; most of its clinical treatment were Xiaoyaosan, Liuwei Dihuang pills, and Zhibo Rehmanniae decoction and other prescriptions which were added and subtracted.
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Objective:To analyze the medication characteristics and prescription law of Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases based on data mining method; To provide reference for clinical treatment of spleen and stomach diseases.Methods:Records related to spleen and stomach diseases in the Lin Zheng Zhi Nan Yi An and Wu Ju Tong Yi An were collected. SPSS Statistics 26.0, SPSS Modeler 18.0 and other software were used to conduct statistical analysis on the frequency, properties and efficacy of Chinese materia medica. The association analysis and clustering analysis were carried out on high-frequency drugs. Results:A total of 423 medical records, 231 kinds of Chinese materia medica (2 752 times) were included in the Lin Zheng Zhi Nan Yi An. A total of 83 medical records, 115 kinds of Chinese materia medica (753 times) were included in Wu Ju Tong Yi An. The Chinese materia medica used by Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong to treat spleen and stomach diseases was mainly warm, mild and cold, with pungent, sweet and bitter as the main tastes; they mainly belonged to the spleen, lung and stomach meridians, and their main functions included clearing heat, diverting water and dampness, regulating qi, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, and tonifying deficiency. 6 second-order association rule combinations and 5 effective clusters were obtained for Ye Tianshi's treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, and 15 second-order association rule combinations and 6 effective clusters for Wu Jutong's treatment. Conclusions:Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong's medication attributes in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases are basically similar. They often use the method of bitter catharsis to regulate the qi movement of spleen and stomach, and the products of sweet and mild infiltration are used to eliminate dampness and heat. Compared with Ye Tianshi, Wu Jutong used few tonic, heat-clearing, phlegm-resolving, cough-relieving and asthma-relieving drugs, and more diuretics and qi-regulating drugs.
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Objective:To investigate the medication law of TCM and signaling pathway as well as molecular targets in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).Methods:The literature on TCM treatment of CAG rats in the databases of CNKI, CBM, CQVIP, Wanfang Database, PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2022 were retrieved. The literature was screened and evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information on the medicine composition, signaling pathways and molecular targets of formulas was collated and analyzed.Results:A total of 304 articles were included in this study, involving 118 prescriptions and 174 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The high-frequency drugs were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma. The most common drug pair were Paeoniae Radix alba-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R. J. Wang-Curcumae Rhizoma、Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria. The association rule with high confidence were Coptidis Rhizoma-Codonopsis Radix-Pinelliae Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Pinelliae Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix-Hedyotidis Herba-Curcumae Rhizoma. A total of 16 signaling pathways were involved, including PI3K/Akt, hedgehog, Wnt and TLR4 signal pathways with high frequency. There were 198 molecular targets, mainly including inflammation immunity targets (IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α), proliferation and apoptosis related targets (Bcl-2, PCNA, Bax), Oxidative damage molecules (SOD, MDA), gastric mucosal secretion markers (GAS, PG), and hypoxia or angiogenesis markers (HIF-1 ɑ, VEGF).Conclusion:This study summarizes the drug distribution law and action mechanism of prevention and treatment of CAG with TCM in the field of basic research, which provides the reference for understand the overview of basic research on CAG with TCM.
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@#[Objective[ To analyze the main syndrome types, medication rules, and core prescription characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and to predict the anti-MAFLD mechanism of core formula, so as to provide references for the clinical application of TCM and the development of new drugs. [Methods] Literature research on TCM in treating MAFLD was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database since the establishment of the database to July 2022. Excel 2019 and Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform (V3.0) were used for frequency analysis, association rule analysis, and cluster analysis of effective prescriptions. The key components, targets, and action pathways of anti-MAFLD core formulas were predicted by network pharmacology. Finally, the interactions between the obtained core components and their core targets were verified reversely by molecular docking technology. [Results] A total of 218 articles were screened and selected, including 352 prescriptions, involving 270 traditional Chinese herbs. The drugs were used a total of 3 901 times, and a total of 10 915 cases were collected, among which the prevalence rate was higher in males. The main types of TCM syndrome included intermingled phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, and damp-heat in liver and gallbladder syndrome, among which Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) were the most frequently used. The properties of Chinese medicine primarily encompassed thermal characteristics, with a predominant emphasis on cold and warm; the flavors of herbs were predominantly characterized by bitterness and sweetness, while the majority exhibited tropism towards the spleen and liver meridians. The drugs were primarily classified based on their efficacy in tonifying deficiencies, promoting diuresis and moistening, enhancing blood circulation and removing blood stasisheat-clearing, etc. The association rules were employed to derive a set of 20 core drug pairs, while cluster analysis was utilized to identify three distinct groups of core drug combinations. Network pharmacological showed that the main components of the core formula “Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus) - Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) - Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) - Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) - Fuling (Poria)” in the treatment of MAFLD were quercetin, apigenin, puerarin, luteolin, ursolic acid, kaempferol, tanshinone IIA, emodin, paeonol, etc., which involved RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (AKT1), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and other key targets. The molecular docking results showed that the core components had good binding to lipid and atherosclerosis, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway-associated proteins. [Conclusion] The main principles of TCM for the treatment of MAFLD involve soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen, eliminating phlegm and dampness, clearing heat and dampness, as well as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The core formula may exert anti-MAFLD effects mediated through multiple components, targets, and signaling pathways. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of TCM in the treatment of MAFLD, and serves as a reference for further exploration of new drugs against MAFLD.
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This study explored the prescription and medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the prevention and treatment of diabetic microangiopathy based on literature mining. Relevant literature on TCM against diabetic microangiopathy was searched and prescriptions were collected. Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to establish a prescription database, and an analysis was conducted on the frequency, properties, flavors, meridian tropism, and efficacy classifications of drugs. Association rule analysis, cluster analysis, and factor analysis were performed using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. The characteristic active components and mechanisms of action of medium-high frequency drugs in the analysis of medication rules were explored through li-terature mining. A total of 1 327 prescriptions were included in this study, involving 411 drugs, with a total frequency reaching 19 154 times. The top five high-frequency drugs were Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Rehmanniae Radix. The cold and warm drugs were used in combination. Drugs were mainly sweet, followed by bitter and pungent, and acted on the liver meridian. The majority of drugs were effective in tonifying deficiency, clearing heat, activating blood, and resolving stasis. Association rule analysis identified the highly supported drug pair of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix and the highly confident drug combination of Poria-Alismatis Rhizoma-Corni Fructus. The strongest correlation was found among Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma through the complex network analysis. Cluster analysis identified nine categories of drug combinations, while factor analysis identified 16 common factors. The analysis of active components in high-frequency drugs for the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy revealed that these effective components mainly exerted their effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory reactions. The study found that the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy was primarily characterized by deficiency in origin, with a combination of deficiency and excess. Deficiency was manifested as Qi deficiency and blood deficiency, while excess as phlegm-heat and blood stasis. The key organ involved in the pathological changes was the liver. The treatment mainly focused on supplementing Qi and nourishing blood, supplemented by clearing heat, coo-ling blood, activating blood, and dredging collaterals. Commonly used formulas included Danggui Buxue Decoction, Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Erzhi Pills, and Buyang Huanwu Decoction. The mechanisms of action of high-frequency drugs in the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy were often related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammatory reactions. These findings can provide references for the clinical treatment of diabetic microangiopathy and the development of targeted drugs.
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Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Prescriptions , Drug Combinations , Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy , Data Mining , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the medication rules of Ye Tianshi in the treatment of constipation from his clinical records. Methods:The drugs in the prescriptions of intestinal obstruction and stool closure were collected in Guide to Clinical Practice with Medical Records. Then the frequency of the prescriptions and the herbs for the treatment,as well as the herbal natures, flavors and meridian belongings were analyzed by Excel, SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Modeler software. Results:The main syndrome types of Ye's treatment of fecal occlusive disease were internal accumulation of dampness and heat, deficiency of kidney Yang, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, deficiency of liver and kidney Yin, and dysfunction of lung. The medicinal properties were mainly warm, cold and flat, and the tastes were mainly sweet, pungent and bitter, and the meridians mainly belonged to spleen and stomach, lung, liver, kidney and heart. Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Angelica sinensis, Poria, Semen Platycladi, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, Semen Persicae were often used. The commonly used drug pairs, included Armeniacae Amarum Semen and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, Armeniacae Amarum Semen and Radix Curcumae Aromaticae, Angelica sinensis and Semen Platycladi and so on. Conclusions:Ye Tianshi takes spleen and stomach as the center, pays attention to the important position of dampness pathogen in the pathogenic process, and pays attention to lung Qi purging, liver Qi drainage and bladder gasification. It provides new treatment ideas and methods, guiding future doctors.
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Objective:Based on the National Patent Database, this paper analyzes the medication rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound patents for the treatment of colorectal cancer in the past 10 years.Methods:By searching for and extracted screening out TCM compound patents for the treatment of colorectal cancer and after the dada selection, data entry , data specifications, the compound patents database for the treatment of colorectal cancer was established. then used IBM SPSS Modeler and IBM SPSS Statistics software to perform frequency analysis, attribute analysis, association analysis and cluster analysis of TCM.Results:A total of 97 compound patents were included, including 411 TCM, among which the core medicines are Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma, Hedyotis diffusa, Astragali radix, Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, Scutellariae barbatae herba, Poria, etc. The medicine is mainly cold and warm; The medicine mainly tastes bitter and sweet; The spleen meridian is the main meridian. The cluster analysis result shows there are 7 categories, and the paired TCM with strong correlation includes Hedyotis diffusa- Scutellariae barbatae herba, Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma- Curcumae rhizoma, Astragali radix- Codonopsis radix and so on. Conclusions:Treating colorectal cancer should take those medicine which could invigorate the spleen and nurture the deficiency, such as Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma, Astragali radix, Codonopsis radix, while for clearing away heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, such as Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellariae barbatae herba, and Curcumae rhizoma. At the same time, it can be combined as appropriate, attacking and replenishing simultaneously, regulating qi and blood.
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Objective:To analyze the medication rule of Duan Fujin in the treatment of liver cirrhosis based on data mining method.Methods:By searching for and collecting the medical records of patients with liver cirrhosis treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine master Duan Fujin, counting the frequently used Chinese medicines and analyzing their association rules to carry out the system cluster analysis of frequently showed medicines, and to gain new prescriptions.Results:A total of 162 prescriptions of Professor Duan Fujin were collected, including 115 Chinese medicines, most of which are bitter and pungent in terms of taste. The medicines which are frequently used are Bupleuri Radix, Curcumae Radix, Poria, Trionycis Carapax, Glycyrrhizae Radix; the medicine pairs which are frequently appeared are Bupleuri Radix- Curcumae Radix, Bupleuri Radix- Poria, Curcumae Radix- Poria, Curcumae Radix- Trionycis Carapax, Bupleuri Radix- Trionycis Carapax, Curcumae Radix- Poria- Bupleuri Radix, Curcumae Radix- Trionycis Carapax- Bupleuri Radix, Curcumae Radix- Glycyrrhizae Radix- Bupleuri Radix, Bupleuri Radix- Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Curcumae Radix, Curcumae Radix- Trionycis Carapax- Poria, Bupleuri Radix- Trionycis Carapax- Poria. Cluster analysis shows that there are two new prescriptions: the first prescription plays the role of invigorating spleen and removing dampness, regulating qi and resolving phlegm, which is composed of Pinelliae Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Amomi Fructus, Aurantii Fructus, Poria, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Arecae Pericarpium, Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Crataegi Fructus; the second prescription plays the role of invigorating Qi and activating blood circulation, Ruanjian Sanjie, which is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Astragali Radix, Trionycis Carapax, Ostreae Concha, Curcumae Radix, Corydalis Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Toosendan Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Curcumae Rhizoma, Moutan Cortex, Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Conclusion:The treatment of liver cirrhosis by Duan Fujin's mainly focuse on soothing and promoting the liver qi, softening the hard and disperse the knot, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, strengthening the spleen qi and removing dampness.
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Objective:To analyze the rules of medication and principles of formulas for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support platform (V2.5).Methods:The clinical data, including gender, age, clinical symptoms, frequency of traditional Chinese medicine medication and prescription information, of patients with COVID-19 and asymptomatic infection who were admitted to Hebei COVID-19 designated hospital supported by medical team of First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine from January to March 2021 were collected. The information data were input into the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support platform (V2.5). The data mining and analysis were realized by the integrated association rules and complex entropy clustering analysis methods of the software, including the analysis of the frequency of each drug use, drug meridian, taste, and prescription rules, and the new prescriptions were developed.Results:A total of 564 patients (564 prescriptions) were enrolled, involving 200 Chinese herbs, including 357 cases of common COVID-19 and 207 cases of asymptomatic infection. The proportion of women with common COVID-19 was high, and the high incidence age group was 51-70 years old. There was no significant difference in gender of asymptomatic infection, and the high incidence age group was 1-20 years old. The main clinical manifestations of most patients were head heavy and cough, followed by low fever and cough with sputum, the main tongue coating and pulse pattern were similar in both types of patients. The frequency of traditional Chinese medicine used in patients with common type of COVID-19 from high to low was liquorice root (326 times), indian bread (264 times), pinellia tuber (263 times), bitter apricot seed (236 times), baical skullcap root (229 times), gypsum (205 times), agastache rugosus (201 times), dried tangerine peel (194 times), ephedra (184 times), and Chinese thorowax root (163 times), while that used by asymptomatic infection were baical skullcap root (174 times), liquorice root (142 times), medicated leaven (137 times), agastache rugosus (127 times), pinellia tuber (114 times), Chinese thorowax root (100 times), officinal magnolia bark (91 times), atractylodes rhizome (89 times), peony root (84 times), and milkvetch root (83 times). The two types of patients were mainly treated with warm, cold and flat drugs, and the nature and taste were mainly pungent, bitter and sweet. The meridian tropism of drugs was mainly lung, spleen and stomach. High frequency drug formulation mainly included drugs for resolving turbidity and detoxification. At the same time, seven new prescriptions for common COVID-19 and four new prescriptions for asymptomatic infection were developed.Conclusions:The primary reason for the COVID-19 occurrence and development is turbidity-toxin and the qi of plague, and resolving turbidity and detoxication are the basic treating principle. On the basis, for patients with common COVID-19, symptomatic treatment such as relieving exterior syndrome, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, and antitussive drugs should be taken into account at the same time, while the treatment of asymptomatic infections should focus more on supporting the body and eliminating the harmful pathogens.
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Objective To provide new ideas for promoting wound healing by digging and sorting out the medication rules in ancient classics and modern literatures. Methods The prescriptions for promoting wound healing recorded in literatures were collected to establish the database. The data mining technology was used for the analysis. Results 75 prescriptions and 203 traditional Chinese medicines were recorded in the ancient TCM literatures for promoting wound healing. The core medicines included frankincense, liquorice, angelica sinensis, angelica dahuricae, cortex phellodendri, myrrh, etc. They mainly belong to the class of clearing-heat drugs, promoting-circulation drugs, reinforcing drugs, relieving drugs, detoxification and tissue granulation drugs. Cluster analysis and association rule analysis were conducted for 16 core drugs. 4 cluster combinations ,15 groups of drug pairs and drug group association rules were obtained. Conclusion The prescription rules for wound healing mainly included clearing heat, promoting circulation, reinforcing, relieving, detoxification, and promoting tissue granulation. TCM wound treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation for fever, blood stasis, deficiency, anabrosis, exterior syndrome and poisoning.