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ABSTRACT Purpose: To characterize the extracellular vesicle protein cargo in the aqueous humor and plasma of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: Aqueous humor and plasma were collected from six patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis and six patients with cataract. Extracellular vesicles were isolated, and western blotting and mass spectrometry were performed for protein analysis. Results: All plasma samples from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract were positive for the tetraspanins CD63 and TSG101. However, the aqueous humor from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis was positive only for CD63. Sixty-seven new unreported proteins were identified in the aqueous humor and plasma of patients with the ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract. Of the 67 proteins, 10 and 7 were found only in the cataract and ocular toxoplasmosis groups, respectively. In general, these proteins were involved in immune system activation and retina homeostasis and were related to infections and retina-associated diseases. Conclusion: The distinct protein signatures between ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. However, more studies are needed to better understand the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis.
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En el ámbito de las tecnologías no térmicas para el procesamiento de alimentos, la aplicación de plasma frío destaca por su rápido crecimiento y amplias proyecciones. El plasma frío se genera aplicando energía que ioniza un gas específico, lo que produce especies altamente reactivas como las reactivas de oxígeno y nitrógeno, además de ozono, iones, radicales libres y radiación ultravioleta. Las configuraciones más comunes para su generación incluyen la descarga de barrera dieléctrica y la descarga corona. Sus aplicaciones y efectos clave abarcan la destrucción de biofilms, inactivación de microorganismos, descontaminación de micotoxinas, degradación de pesticidas y modificación de almidones, entre otros. Los mecanismos de acción propuestos varían desde modificaciones químicas y moleculares hasta lisis celular y daño genético. Este artículo proporciona una visión general actualizada sobre los principios, generación y aplicaciones del plasma frío en la industria alimentaria.
In the field of non-thermal food processing technologies, the application of cold plasma stands out for its rapid growth and broad prospects. Cold plasma is generated by applying energy to ionize a specific gas, producing highly reactive species such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as ozone, ions, free radicals, and ultraviolet radiation. The most common configurations for generating cold plasma include dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge. Key applications and effects include the destruction of biofilms, inactivation of microorganisms, decontamination of mycotoxins, degradation of pesticides, and modification of starches, among others. Proposed mechanisms of action range from chemical and molecular modifications to cellular lysis and genetic damage. This article provides an updated overview of the principles, generation, and applications of cold plasma technology in the food industry.
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Resumen Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente del sexo femenino, de 30 años, con adenopatías supraclaviculares y axilares ipsilaterales, quien fue sometida a biopsia excisional con posterior estudio. El análisis histopatológico de la muestra de tejido resecado reveló una serie de características distintivas asociadas con la enfermedad de Castleman variante hialinovascular. La presentación de este caso no solo proporciona información detallada sobre la evolución clínica de la paciente, sino que también sirve como base para ilustrar los aspectos clave del diagnóstico histopatológico y las implicaciones inmunohistoquímicas en la enfermedad de Castleman. Además de hacer una revisión de tema respecto a esta patología poco común, en la cual los informes de casos son fundamentales para aumentar la comprensión de su variabilidad clínica y su abordaje diagnóstico, ilustrando los desafíos en el diagnóstico diferencial y como deben abordarse los mismos.
Abstract The clinical case of a 30-year-old female patient with supraclavicular and ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy who underwent excisional biopsy with subsequent study is presented. Histopathological analysis of the resected tissue sample revealed a series of distinctive features associated with hyalinevascular variant Castleman disease. The presentation of this case not only provides detailed information about the clinical evolution of the patient, but also serves as a basis to illustrate Key aspects of histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical implications in Castleman disease. In addition to making a review of the topic regarding this rare pathology in which case reports are essential to increase the understanding of its clinical variability and its diagnostic approach, illustrating the challenges in differential diagnosis and how they should be addressed.
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Objective To analyze the clinical evolution and atypical spinal cord MRI features of myelitis post severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Methods Four patients with myelitis post the SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively analyzed regarding the clinical manifestations,the dynamic changes of the spinal cord MRI and the treatment outcomes.Results The time latencies from SARS-CoV-2 infection to the onset of myelitis of the 4 patients were 5 d,15 d,80 d,and 30 d,respectively.The onset symptoms were numbness and weakness of lower limbs in 3 patients,and back pain with weakness of lower limbs in 1 patient.The peak symptoms included paraplegia,sphincter dysfunction,sensory plane and spastic gait.The expanded disability status score(EDSS)of the 4 patients were 7.5,9.0,9.0 and 7.5,respectively.Initial spinal cord MRI showed normal in 1 case,linear meningeal enhancement in 1 case,and punctate T2 signal changes in 2 cases.Spinal cord MRI at the peak of the symptoms showed patchy,linear and cloudy-like high signals on sagittal T2,which mainly distributed in lateral and posterior cords on axial T2.The prominent features of the MRI findings were the linear meningeal enhancement that appeared in all 4 cases during the disease and their mismatch with the severity of clinical symptoms.Two of the four patients received pulse methylprednisolone combined with plasma exchange therapy and did not show significant improvement,and all 4 patients were left with significant disability.Conclusions Myelitis post SARS-CoV-2 infection usually presents typical symptoms of myelitis,while the spinal cord MRI presents patchy,linear and cloudy-like high signals,with linear meningeal enhancement.The delayed and atypical spinal cord MRI findings need additional attention.
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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations of nodo-paranodopathy(NPP)with anti-neurofascin 186(NF186)antibody positive.Methods The clinical data of a NPP patient with cranial nerve damage caused by anti-NF186 antibody positive was retrospectively analyzed.Results The patient was a 70-year-old male with sudden speech disorder and dysphagia one month ago.Glucocorticoid therapy was discontinued after improvement.The patient's speech,swallowing,chewing,bristling,turning and head-up movements were laborious and progressively aggravated 5 days ago.The EMG examination of the limbs was normal,and the serum and CSF anti-NF186 antibody were positive.The curative effect of glucocorticoid treatment was not obvious,and the symptoms were significantly improved after plasma exchange treatment.Conclusions Anti-NF186 antibody-positive NPP has late onset age,severe illness and accompanied with cranial nerves damage.Conventional hormone therapy is not effective,but plasma exchange therapy is effective.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of transurethral plasma electrotomy with rod electrode and end-to-end urethral anastomosis in the treatment of short urethral stricture.Methods 125 male patients with short urethral stricture(＜2 cm)who were admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into transurethral plasma resection with rod electrode(minimally invasive group)and urethral end-to-end anastomosis(open group).According to the length of urethral stricture,the minimally invasive group was divided into minimally invasive group 1(stricture length≤1 cm),minimally invasive group 2(stricture length1-2 cm),open group 1(stricture length ≤1 cm)and open group 2(stricture length 1-2 cm).The four groups were compared with each other,and the surgical success rates were compared between the four groups.Results The success rate of the minimally invasive group 1 and the open group 1 was 88.57％and 93.10％,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The surgical success rate of the minimally invasive group 2 and the open group 2 was 67.86％and 90.91％,respectively.The surgical success rate of the minimally invasive group 2 was significantly lower than that of the open group 2.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The surgical success rate of minimally invasive group 1 and minimally invasive group 2 was 88.57％and 67.86％,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The success rate of operation in the open group 1 and the open group 2 was 93.10％and 90.91％,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Transurethral plasma resection with rod electrode is preferred for urethral stricture with length≤1 cm,because the success rate of this surgery is the same as that of open surgery,and the surgical trauma is small and the recovery is fast.For 1-2 cm urethral stricture,minimally invasive surgery has less trauma and faster recovery,but open surgery has a higher success rate.The choice of surgical method needs to weigh the advantages and disadvantages and take comprehensive consideration.
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Severe open injury of lower limbs is complex and difficult to cure in a short time,which can lead to serious infection,amputation and so on.For the treatment of open injury,wound repair is extremely important.A variety of new technologies such as new dressings,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),and vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)have recently been applied to lower limb wound repair,which can not only improve the functional prognosis and aesthetic effect,but also improve the quality of wound healing.This review will summarize the research progress of wound repair methods for open injury of lower limbs,so as to further guide clinical application.
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Gut-derived IgA + plasma cells are the key to intestinal mucosal immunity.The intestinal flora and diet regulate the production of gut-derived IgA + plasma cells, which not only play an immune role in the intestinal mucosa, but also migrate to tissues or organs outside the intestine to regulate immune and inflammatory reactions by relying on the production of IgA antibodies or the secretion of cytokines and other non-antibody effects, and act as a protective or pathogenic factor in various diseases.The pathogenic effect of intestinal mucosal immune imbalance in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been a concern.IgA + plasma cells increase in intestinal lamina propria of high serum IgA mice with the increase of abnormally glycosylated IgA1.The long-lived plasma cells increase, and interleukin-6 is inhibited in IgAN patients.However, it remains unclear whether gut-derived IgA + plasma cells migrate to kidneys to promote disease progression.This article reviews the relevant research progress on the immunopathologic effects and mechanisms of gut-derived IgA + plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa of IgAN.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A(PAPP-A),fasting blood glucose(FPG),body mass index(BMI)and age in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)during the first trimester.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 792 pregnant women who underwent pre-natal examination and delivered in Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022.They were divided into GDM group(232 cases)and control group(560 cases)according to whether they had GDM.The clinical data,serum PAPP-A median multiple(PAPP-A MoM)in early pregnancy and FPG levels were compared between the two groups.The indicators with statistical significance in univariate analy-sis were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of GDM.The receiver operating curve(ROC)and area under the curve(AUC)of different indexes were plotted to compare the efficacy of GDM prediction.Results:①The age,pre pregnancy BMI,early pregnancy FPG and the proportion of assisted reproductive technology in GDM group were higher than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The early pregnancy PAPP-A MoM level in GDM group was lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age,lager pre-pregnancy BMI and lager FPG in the first trimester were in-dependent risk factors for GDM occurrence(OR＞1,P＜0.05),while an increase of PAPP-A MoM in the first tri-mester was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③ROC showed that the combination of PAPP-A MoM in early pregnancy,FPG in early pregnancy,BMI in pre-pregnancy and age had the highest AUC(0.752)when predicting GDM,with a sensitivity of 55.6％and a specificity of 84.3％.Conclusions:The combined screening of serologi-cal(PAPP-A +FPG)and clinical data(pre-pregnancy BMI +age)in early pregnancy has a high clinical application prospect and can be popularized.
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Objective To compare the short-term efficacy and safety of low temperature plasma radiofre-quence ablation(LA)vs.high voltage long duration pulsed radiofrequency(HL-PRF)in the treatment of cervico-genic headache(CEH).Methods Eighty patients with cervicogenic headache were divided two groups:one treated with low temperature plasma radiofrequence ablation group as group L(n = 50)and the other treated with high voltage long duration pulsed radiofrequency group as group H(n = 30).The two groups were compared in terms of the score by the Visual Analog Scale,score by the Range of Motion Scale,postoperative pain relief rate,postop-erative complication incidence,1,4,12,and 24 weeks after the operation,as well as the therapeutic effectiveness and safety.Results Both groups showed significantly lower VAS and ROM scores after operation(P<0.05).Compared with group L,group H had significantly lower VAS(all P<0.05)but insignificantly lower ROM scores(all P>0.05)at each time point.At T4,group H had significantly higher therapeutic effectiveness rate(P<0.05)and higher incidence of scalp numbness at T3,as compared to group L(P<0.05).Conclusion The low tempera-ture plasma radiofrequency ablation and high voltage long duration pulsed radiofrequency both are effective and safe in the treatment of CEH,the latter approach can achieve better therapeutic effectiveness 24 weeks after the operation than the former.
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Objective To explore the effect of low replacement plasma exchange(LPE)combined with double plasma molecular adsorption(DPMAS)in the treatment of patients with chronic acute liver failure(ACLF)and its influence on liver function,inflammatory cytokines and short-term prognosis.Methods One hundred patients with ACLF were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by envelope method,with 50 cases in each group.On basis of routine symptomatic treatments(liver protection,removing jaundice,reducing enzymes,anti-viruses,bleeding prevention),the control group and the observation group were treated with plasma exchange(PE)and LPE plus DPMAS,respectively.The liver function,coagulation function,the levels of inflammatory cytokines,incidence of adverse reactions,and 90-day survival rate were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results After treatment,the liver function and coagulation function in the observation group were significantly improved(P＜0.05)and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly lowered than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the 90-day survival rate and the total incidence of adverse reactions between the groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion LPE combined with DPMAS can effectively improve liver function and coagulation function,and reduce levels of inflammatory cyto-kines in ACLF patients,with high safety.
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Objective Explore the relationship between semen quality and trace element levels in seminal plasma,as well as miR-184 levels in exosomes of male infertility patients.Methods 155 male infertility patients in our hospital from January 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the infertility group,and another 155 male patients with normal physical examination during the same period were selected as the normal group.Compare the general information,semen quality parameters,trace elements,and miR-184 levels in exosomes between two groups,and analyze the correlation between male infertility patients and the above laboratory indicators through Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results The sperm concentration,total sperm motility(PR + NP),forward motility sperm(PR),average curve velocity,average linear velocity,average path velocity,and average lateral amplitude of sperm head(ALH)in the infertile group were lower than those in the normal group(P<0.05);The levels of Zn,Mg,and Ca in the infertile group were lower than those in the normal group,while the levels of Cu,Pb,and relative expression of miR-184 were higher than those in the normal group(P<0.05);The levels of Zn and Cu elements in male infertility patients are positively and negatively correlated with sperm concentration,total sperm motility(PR+NP),and forward motility sperm(PR),respectively.The levels of Pb elements are negatively correlated with the average lateral amplitude of sperm head(ALH),and P<0.05.The relative expression level of miR-184 in male infertility patients is negatively correlated with sperm concentration,total sperm motility(PR + NP),forward motility sperm(PR),and average sperm curve velocity,with P<0.05.Conclusion The quality of semen in male infertility patients is closely related to the levels of trace elements in semen and miR-184 levels in exosomes.
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BACKGROUND:At present,it is found that both Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis and platelet-rich plasma technology can repair damaged blood vessels,promote vascular regeneration,rebuild blood supply in the femoral head,restore normal blood supply,and further promote osteogenesis.Both of them have certain advantages in early intervention of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head.It can also further understand the mechanism of blood activating and stasis removing herbs and platelet-rich plasma technology in improving steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head,and provide new ideas for future treatment. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of the mechanism of the combination of blood activating and blood stasis removing herbs and platelet-rich plasma technology on steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head according to the related literature at home and abroad. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,Metstr,CNKI and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles."Traditional Chinese medicine,signal pathways,steroid induced necrosis of femoral head,vascular endothelial growth factor,platelet rich plasma"were used as the Chinese and English search terms separately.The time limit for searching the literature was from January 2000 to July 2022,and 75 related articles were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis and platelet-rich plasma technology have certain advantages in intervening the early stage of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head.For traditional Chinese medicine,both single and compound drugs can effectively alleviate the further development of steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head.The specific mechanism is as follows:(1)The traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis has a significant anticoagulation effect,which can antagonize the abnormal(hypercoagulable)state of blood caused by hormone drugs,and further restore the normal blood supply in the femoral head.(2)Traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis can repair damaged vascular endothelium,regenerate blood vessels and remodel blood supply in the femoral head by activating vascular endothelial growth factor.(3)The traditional Chinese medicine of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis has the obvious effect of removing blood stasis,which can reduce the accumulation of fat cells in the bone marrow cavity and relieve the pressure in the femoral head.(4)Traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can regulate relevant signal pathways,maintain bone metabolism,promote the differentiation and balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,and effectively reduce steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head.In addition,platelet-rich plasma contains a large amount of high concentration of cell growth factor,which plays a positive role in osteogenesis and vascular regeneration,and can also improve the abnormal state of the blood.Traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis combined with platelet-rich plasma technology can play their biological roles,and the intervention effect is more significant.
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BACKGROUND:Diabetic wounds have complicated conditions such as infection,ischemia,peripheral neuropathy,and vascular disease.Ordinary hydrogel dressings with single structure and function cannot meet the needs of diabetic wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of a hydrogel loaded with platelet-rich plasma on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats. METHODS:The blood of SD rats was extracted to prepare platelet-rich plasma.Carboxymethyl chitosan/oxychondroitin sulfate hydrogel and carboxymethyl chitosan/oxychondroitin sulfate hydrogel loaded with platelet-rich plasma were prepared separately.Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes model in adult male SD rats.A round full-thickness skin wound with a diameter of 2 cm was made on the back of diabetic rats.The rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10 per group).The blank group was applied with gauze on the wound.The hydrogel group,platelet-rich plasma group,and composite hydrogel group were respectively applied with the corresponding hydrogel,platelet-rich plasma and hydrogel loaded with platelet-rich plasma.The wound healing was observed within 20 days after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)On day 20 after treatment,the wound healing rate of the hydrogel group,platelet-rich plasma group and composite hydrogel group was significantly higher than that of the blank group(P<0.05).The wound healing rate of the composite hydrogel group was significantly higher than that of the platelet-rich plasma group(P<0.05).(2)The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining on day 5 after treatment showed that compared with the blank group,hydrogel group and platelet-rich plasma group,there were a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration,new granulation tissue and capillary formation in the wound tissue of the composite hydrogel group.(3)On day 5 after treatment,the results of immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay showed that the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in wound tissue in the composite hydrogel group were significantly lower than those in the blank group,hydrogel group and platelet-rich plasma group(P<0.05).(4)Masson staining results on day 15 after treatment showed that compared with the blank group,hydrogel group and platelet-rich plasma group,there were more collagen fibers in the wound tissue of the composite hydrogel group,which were orderly,evenly distributed and dense.(5)CD31 immunofluorescence staining showed that on day 15 after treatment,the expression of CD31 in wound tissue of the composite hydrogel group was significantly higher than that of the blank group,hydrogel group and platelet-rich plasma group(P<0.05).(6)These results suggest that the hydrogel loaded with platelet-rich plasma can promote the healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic rats by promoting granulation tissue,collagen fiber and angiogenesis,and reducing the inflammatory response.
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BACKGROUND:In cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis,cytokines and signaling pathways that target chondrocytes play an important role. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest research progress of osteoarthritis related cytokines and signaling pathways in recent years,such as the mechanism of action and treatment modalities,in order to provide a basis for future exploration of new therapeutic targets and modalities. METHODS:Literature search was conducted on CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,Web of Science,and Medline databases.Chinese search terms were"osteoarthritis,cytokines,signal pathway,chondrocyte,inflammation,treatment".Finally,60 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In current studies,it is believed that the specific mechanism of osteoarthritis is not clear,and a large number of studies have shown that osteoarthritis is strongly associated with cytokines and signaling pathways,which is a complex process of action.Relevant studies taking cytokines and signaling pathways as therapeutic breakthroughs are also the current hot spot.(2)The receptor antagonists of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin 1 are not effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis,and more studies turn to gene therapy.(3)The therapeutic methods of transforming growth factor β,recombinant factors of Wnt signaling pathway,gene therapy and mesenchymal stem cells have obtained positive research results.However,basic and clinical studies on safety and efficacy are likely to be conducted in future studies.(4)At present,relevant therapeutic methods such as platelet-rich plasma have been widely used in clinical practice,while recombinant factor,gene therapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy are all in the research stage,among which mesenchymal stem cell therapy and gene therapy are expected to make breakthroughs in the field of cartilage repair and regeneration,and are worthy of expectation in the future.However,more clinical and basic studies are needed to verify its effectiveness and safety,explore its mechanism of action and scope of application,and set standards for its clinical use.
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BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma has been shown to enhance the viability and the pro-angiogenesis capacity of mesenchymal stem cells.Extracellular vesicles are one of the key mediators for mesenchymal stem cells to exert their effects,but currently,it is unclear whether platelet-rich plasma affects the functions of extracellular vesicles. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma on the function of extracellular vesicles from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,verify whether platelet-rich plasma can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the healing effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on repairing the peripheral nerve injury. METHODS:For in vitro study,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under normal conditions and with 1%platelet-rich plasma.The ultracentrifugation was used to extract the extracellular vesicles produced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured under normal conditions(EVs-nor)or the condition supplemented with 1%platelet-rich plasma(EVs-prp).Extracellular vesicles were used to incubate with Schwann cells.The EdU assay,western blot assay,qPCR and light microscopy photography were performed to examine the effects of EVs-nor and EVs-prp on Schwann cell reprogramming,which was characterized by cell proliferation,c-Jun expression,reprogramming-associated gene expression and cell morphology.For in vivo study,the model of sciatic nerve injury in rats was established.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were grafted with or without 1%platelet-rich plasma into the injured rat sciatic nerve using a chitin nerve conduit.Eight weeks after the surgery,the recovery was assessed by histological and functional indexes,including regenerated nerve fiber density,gastrocnemius wet weight ratio and sciatic function index. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with EVs-nor,EVs-prp was stronger in promoting Schwann cell proliferation.The gene expressions of c-Jun and GDNF were significantly upregulated in EVs-prp treated Schwann cells.The morphology of Schwann cells was significantly longer in EVs-prp group than that in EVs-nor group,indicating that EVs-prp had a stronger ability to stimulate Schwann cell reprogramming than EVs-nor.(2)Sciatic nerve injury animal experiment results revealed that grafting mesenchymal stem cells along with platelet-rich plasma into the injured sciatic nerve showed the best recovery compared with grafting mesenchymal stem cells or platelet-rich plasma alone,demonstrated by the significantly improved density of nerve fibers,gastrocnemius wet weight ratio,and sciatic function index.(3)These results suggested that platelet-rich plasma improved the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and could be served as a practical and feasible preparation to synergize with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to improve peripheral nerve repair.
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BACKGROUND:Due to the sudden release and the rapid removal by proteases,platelet-rich plasma hydrogel leads to shorter residence times of growth factors at the wound site.In recent years,researchers have focused on the use of hydrogels to encapsulate platelet-rich plasma in order to improve the deficiency of platelet-rich plasma hydrogels. OBJECTIVE:To prepare self-assembled polypeptide-platelet-rich plasma hydrogel and to explore its effects on the release of bioactive factors of platelet-rich plasma. METHODS:The self-assembled polypeptide was synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method,and the solution was prepared by D-PBS.Hydrogels were prepared by mixing different volumes of polypeptide solutions with platelet-rich plasma and calcium chloride/thrombin solutions,so that the final mass fraction of polypeptides in the system was 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%,respectively.The hydrogel state was observed,and the release of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma was detected in vitro.The polypeptide self-assembly was stimulated by mixing 1%polypeptide solution with 1%human serum albumin solution,so that the final mass fraction of the polypeptide was 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%,respectively.The flow state of the liquid was observed,and the rheological mechanical properties of the self-assembled polypeptide were tested.The microstructure of polypeptide(mass fraction of 0.1%and 0.001%)-human serum albumin solution was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Hydrogels could be formed between different volumes of polypeptide solution and platelet-rich plasma.Compared with platelet-rich plasma hydrogels,0.1%and 0.3%polypeptide-platelet-rich plasma hydrogels could alleviate the sudden release of epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor,and extend the release time to 48 hours.(2)After the addition of human serum albumin,the 0.1%polypeptide group still exhibited a flowing liquid,the 0.3%polypeptide group was semi-liquid,and the 0.5%polypeptide group stimulated self-assembly to form hydrogel.It was determined that human serum albumin in platelet-rich plasma could stimulate the self-assembly of polypeptides.With the increase of the mass fraction of the polypeptide,the higher the storage modulus of the self-assembled polypeptide,the easier it was to form glue.(3)Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the polypeptide nanofibers were short and disordered before the addition of human serum albumin.After the addition of human serum albumin,the polypeptide nanofibers became significantly longer and cross-linked into bundles,forming a dense fiber network structure.Under a scanning electron microscope,the polypeptides displayed a disordered lamellar structure before adding human serum albumin.After the addition of human serum albumin,the polypeptides self-assembled into cross-linked and densely arranged porous structures.(4)In conclusion,the novel polypeptide can self-assemble triggered by platelet-rich plasma and the self-assembly effect can be accurately adjusted according to the ratio of human serum albumin to polypeptide.This polypeptide has a sustained release effect on the growth factors of platelet-rich plasma,which can be used as a new biomaterial for tissue repair.
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BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma can promote the repair and regeneration of intervertebral disc tissue.Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy is widely used in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.In recent years,more and more scholars have focused on the combined treatment of lumbar disc herniation with the two techniques in order to achieve a better patient prognosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. METHODS:The clinical data of 58 patients with lumbar disc herniation who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,29 patients underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with platelet-rich plasma(observation group),and the remaining 29 patients underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy only(control group).Visual Analogue Scale score for back and leg pain,lumbar JOA score,and Oswestry Disability Index were evaluated preoperatively,at 3,6,and 12 months postoperatively,and at the last follow-up.Intervertebral space height,nucleus pulposus to cerebrospinal fluid signal strength ratio,and intervertebral disc Pfirrmann grading were measured preoperatively,at 6 and 12 months postoperatively,and at the last follow-up.The modified MacNab criteria were used to assess excellent and good rate of curative effect at the last follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The Visual Analogue Scale score for back and leg pain,JOA score,and Oswestry Disability Index of the two groups postoperatively were significantly improved compared with those preoperatively(P<0.05).Visual Analogue Scale score and Oswestry Disability Index were lower in the observation group than those in the control group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively(P<0.05).The JOA score was higher in the observation group than that in the control group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively(P<0.05).(2)The nucleus pulposus to cerebrospinal fluid signal strength ratio was higher in the observation group than that in the control group at the last follow-up(P<0.05).Pfirrmann grading of the intervertebral discs was better in the observation group than that in the control group(P<0.05).The excellent and good rate was 93%in the observation group and 83%in the control group,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)These findings indicate that percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation has satisfactory clinical efficacy and can delay the degeneration of the intervertebral disc to a certain extent.
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BACKGROUND:Most of the silver coating materials prepared using active screen plasma technology in the past do not involve the nanotechnology field.The formed silver coating is in a"thin film"form,which is coated on the surface of the substrate,and the distribution of silver particles on the surface is uneven.Its long-term antibacterial ability is challenged. OBJECTIVE:To prepare nano silver coatings capable of being"buried"within stainless steel(SS)substrates using active screen plasma surface modification(ASPSM)and to observe antibacterial activity. METHODS:The nano-silver coating was prepared by ASPSM technique on stainless steel substrate.Three groups of coating samples were prepared by adjusting the bombardment time(1,2,and 4 hours),which were denoted as 1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS and 4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,respectively.The antibacterial activity of the coatings was analyzed by antibacterial ring test and Gram staining.The antibiotic coating samples of gentamicin combined with vancomycin were prepared by using stainless steel as substrate and were recorded as ACNs.Stainless steel,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,and ACNs were inserted into Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension,respectively.The long-acting(84 days)antibacterial activity of the samples was analyzed by coating plate method.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with stainless steel,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,and ACNs,respectively.CCK-8 assay,dead/alive staining,and lactate dehydrogenase activity of cell supernatant were detected.Stainless steel,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,and ACNs were taken after continuous exposure to Staphylococcus aureus suspension for 12 weeks.The amount of residual viable bacteria on the surface of the material was evaluated by spread plate method.Vancomycin drug sensitive disk method was used to evaluate the resistance of residual live bacteria on the surface of materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With increasing bombardment time,the diameter of nano silver on the sample surface and the silver content in the coating gradually increased.Among them,the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS exhibited the highest surface silver content while forming uniformly spherical nanoparticles.(2)Antibacterial ring test and Gram staining results demonstrated that compared with 1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS and 4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS exhibited better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa.After co-culturing with bacteria for 42 and 84 days,the number of viable bacteria on the spread plate method was significantly lower in the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group compared to the stainless steel and ACNs groups.After co-culturing with Staphylococcus aureus for 84 days and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 42 days,the number of viable bacteria on the surface of the eluate from the ACNs group was higher than that of the stainless steel group.(3)CCK-8 assay,live/dead staining and lactate dehydrogenase activity of cell supernatant displayed that 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS did not have obvious cytotoxicity.ACNs showed obvious cytotoxicity.(4)After co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus for 12 weeks,the residual viable bacteria on the surface of 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group was less than that of stainless steel group,and the residual viable bacteria on the surface of the ACNs group was more than that of stainless steel group.Compared with the stainless steel group,the sensitivity to vancomycin was significantly decreased in the ACNs group(P＜0.001),and there was no significant change in sensitivity to vancomycin in 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group(P＞0.05).(5)The above results indicate that the silver nanoparticle coated stainless steel greatly improves the deposition efficiency of silver nanoparticles on the stainless steel surface and has long-lasting antibacterial properties and good cell compatibility.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between inflammatory indexes,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),blood lipid in early pregnancy(6 to 13W+6D)and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods Ninety-eight pregnant women in early pregnancy who underwent prenatal examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from No-vember 2020 to October 2021 were selected as the research subjects.These pregnant women were divided into the GDM group(n=35)and normal glucose tolerance(NGT)group(n=63)according to the oral glucose tolerance test results in the second trimester of pregnancy(24-28W).All subjects kept fasting for at least 8 hours at 6 to 13W+6D of pregnancy,and the blood was collected from the median cubital vein on the morning of the second day,the white blood cell(WBC)count,neutrophil count(NC),lymphocyte count(LC),monocyte count(MC),FPG,and serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured.The differences in various indicators of pregnant women between the GDM group and NGT group were compared.The joint predictive factors for GDM was obtained by multivariable logistic regression model,and the independent risk factors of GDM were analyzed,and the efficiency of each risk factor in predicting the occurrence of GDM was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The FPG,WBC,LC,TC,TG and LDL-C levels of pregnant women in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the NGT group in early pregnancy(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the NC,MC and HDL-C levels of pregnant women between the two groups(P＞0.05).Logistic regression model analysis results showed that the increase of FPG,WBC,TC and TG were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of GDM(P＜0.05).Taking FPG=4.80 mmol·L-1,WBC=9.35 × 109 L-1,TC=4.05 mmol·L-1 and TG=1.61 mmol·L-1 as cut-off values,the area under the curve(AUC)of above indexes in predicting GDM were 0.779,0.721,0.685 and 0.762,respectively;the sensitivity was 0.886,0.514,0.857 and 0.543,respectively;the specificity was 0.587,0.857,0.524 and 0.873,respectively.The AUC of the combined prediction of FPG,WBC,TC and TG for GDM was 0.876,with a sensitivity of 0.857 and a specificity of 0.810.The AUC of the combined prediction of FPG,WBC,TC and TG for GDM was significantly higher than that of FPG,WBC,TC and TG in early pregnancy alone for GDM.Conclusion Elevated levels of FPG,WBC,TC and TG in early pregnancy(6 to 13W+6D)are independent risk factors for GDM,and they can be used as clinical indicators for the early prediction of GDM.The combination of the four indicators has better predictive value for GDM.