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Foi observado através de ampla literatura cientifica que hipertensão na gestação ocorre como fator de morte materna e perinatal. Esses alarmantes dados nacionais demonstram o valor do conhecimento desta patologia gestacional tanto para obstetras como neonatologistas. Dentre as síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais, a doença de pré-eclâmpsia ou doença hipertensiva específica da gravidez, necessita ter amplo acompanhamento pois pode acometer os piores resultados maternos e perinatais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral observar por meio de referencial teórico, bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo como ocorre a hipertensão arterial em gestantes, sua classificação e possíveis tratamentos. Aconselha-se o adequado controle pré-natal com seguimento rigoroso da gestante. Este procedimento é essencial visando reduzir a mortalidade materna e perinatal.(AU)

It has been observed through extensive scientific literature that hypertension during pregnancy occurs as a factor in maternal and perinatal death. These alarming national data demonstrate the value of knowledge about this gestational pathology for both obstetricians and neonatologists. Among the gestational hypertensive syndromes, preeclampsia or specific hypertensive disease of pregnancy requires extensive monitoring because it can lead to the worst maternal and perinatal outcomes. The general objective of this study is to observe, through theoretical and bibliographic references and field research, how arterial hypertension occurs in pregnant women, its classification and possible treatments. Adequate prenatal control with strict monitoring of the pregnant woman is recommended. This procedure is essential to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality.(AU)

Se ha observado a través de una extensa literatura científica que la hipertensión durante el embarazo se presenta como un factor de muerte materna y perinatal. Estos alarmantes datos nacionales demuestran el valor del conocimiento sobre esta patología gestacional tanto para los obstetras como para los neonatólogos. Entre los síndromes hipertensivas gestacionales, la preeclampsia o la enfermedad hipertensiva específica del embarazo requiere un seguimiento exhaustivo, ya que puede provocar los peores resultados maternos y perinatales. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo general de observar, a través de referências teóricas, bibliográficas e investigaciones de campo, cómo se presenta la hipertensión arterial en la mujer embarazada, su clasificación y posibles tratamientos. Se recomienda un adecuado control prenatal con un estricto seguimiento de la gestante. Este procedimiento es esencial para reducir la mortalidad materna y perinatal.(AU)

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Resumen: Reportamos el manejo anestésico de una gestante con múltiples comorbilidades debido a arteritis de Takayasu programada para cesárea electiva con la autorización del comité de ética institucional. Se utilizó una técnica combinada espinal-epidural en dos segmentos para suministrar anestesia con la titulación estricta de la presión arterial invasiva y el uso de una infusión endovenosa de norepinefrina. Asimismo, se realizó una revisión sobre el uso de la técnica combinada en dos segmentos para cesárea en gestantes con esta enfermedad.

Abstract: We report the anesthetic management of a parturient with Takayasu arteritis and several comorbidities scheduled for elective cesarean section with the authorization of the institutional ethics committee. A two-segment combined spinal-epidural technique was used to provide anesthesia with close control of invasive arterial pressure and the use of Norepinephrine endovenous infusion. Likewise, a literature review of the two-segment combined technique for cesarean section in pregnant women with this disease was performed.

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Background: The hormonal changes along with decreased salivation during pregnancy result in many orodental problems. The existing orodental conditions worsen due to barriers to the utilisation of orodental care during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess orodental problems and barriers to utilisation of orodenatl care in pregnant ladies Methods: Sample size is calculated using Cochran’s formula. The Purposive sampling technique was used to select hospitals and pregnant women from OPD of the gynecology and obstetrics department of hospitals selected in Himachal Pradesh. Using DMFT and CPI index, interview schedules the study's specific objectives are achieved. Results: Out of a sample of 112, 92.8% of pregnant women had dental caries, 34.8% of pregnant women had got restorative treatment and 25.8% had their teeth extracted. The majority of pregnant women (51.8%) had dental calculus and (29.5%) shallow periodontal pockets. The system, personal, and caregiver-related barriers are responsible for the underutilisation of orodental care among pregnant women. Conclusions: This study concluded many pregnant women face orodental problems along with a major factor of lack of dental education and no dental insurance associated with their orodental problems.

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Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition level and thyroid function status of pregnant women in Hubei Province.Methods:According to the requirements of "the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program (2016 Edition)", in 2020, using a cross-sectional survey method, two mountainous counties and two plain areas in Hubei Province were divided into five districts: east, west, south, north, and central. One township (street) was selected from each district, and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township (street) as survey subjects. Urine iodine content and thyroid function indicators [serum free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)] were tested. Abnormal thyroid function rate and antibody positive rate were analyzed, and correlation analysis of thyroid function indicators was conducted (Spearman method). Results:A total of 321 pregnant women were included, including 43, 114, and 164 in early, middle, and late pregnancy, respectively; The median urinary iodine was 164.80 μg/L. The median serum FT 3, FT 4, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb levels were 4.10, 12.83 pmol/L, 1.85 mU/L, 15.84 and 13.35 U/ml, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in FT 3, FT 4, and TSH levels among different trimesters ( P < 0.05). According to Spearman's correlation analysis, FT 3 in early stage of pregnancy was negatively correlated with TSH and TPOAb levels ( r = - 0.46, - 0.33, P < 0.05), while TSH was positively correlated with TPOAb level ( r = 0.33, P = 0.032); there was a positive correlation between FT 4 and TgAb levels in middle stage of pregnancy ( r = 0.21, P = 0.032); there was a negative correlation between FT 3 and TPOAb levels in late stage of pregnancy ( r = - 0.19, P = 0.017); FT 3 and FT 4, TPOAb and TgAb levels were positively correlated throughout pregnancy ( P < 0.05). There was no correlation between urinary iodine content and thyroid function indicators ( P > 0.05). The total abnormal rate of thyroid function was 7.79% (25/321), with 16.28% (7/43), 5.26% (6/114), and 7.32% (12/164) in early, middle, and late pregnancy, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of thyroid function among different pregnancy periods (χ 2 = 4.83, P = 0.097). The detection rates of hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism were 4.36% (14/321), 0.31% (1/321), 2.49% (8/321), 0.31% (1/321), and 0.31% (1/321), respectively. The positive detection rate of autospecific antibodies was 10.28% (33/321), with a TPOAb positive detection rate of 9.97% (32/321) and a TgAb positive detection rate of 5.30% (17/321). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in Hubei Province is at a suitable level, and the rates of abnormal thyroid function and thyroid autospecific antibody positive are relatively low. It is necessary to continuously monitor the iodine nutrition and thyroid function indexes of pregnant women, strengthen health education on the hazards of iodine deficiency during pregnancy, and minimize the harm to maternal and infant health caused by iodine deficiency.

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Objective@#To investigate the status of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into developing targeted smoking control measures and promoting maternal and infant health.@*Methods@#Pregnant women who had early pregnancy registration at Jinshan District Community Health Service Center from April 2021 to December 2023 were selected as subjects. The basic information, passive smoking and awareness of passive smoking hazards among pregnant women were collected through questionnaire surveys, and passive smoking rate and awareness rate of passive smoking hazards were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 8 273 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 216 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.31%. The mean age of participants was (29.52±4.60) years. There were 4 991 participants with an education of college degree or above, accounting for 60.75%; 3 565 participants with the first pregnancy, accounting for 43.39%; 3 990 primiparas, accounting for 48.56%; 3 193 participants living with smokers, accounting for 38.86%. A total of 3 710 participants passively smoked, with a passive smoking rate of 45.16%. There were 2 817 participants passively smoked in public places, accounting for 75.93%; 2 253 participants passively smoked in workplaces, accounting for 60.73%; 1 563 participants that passively smoked at home, accounting for 42.13%. The awareness rates regarding the hazards of passive smoking to health, causing lung cancer in adults, causing lung diseases in children, causing preterm birth and low birth weight infants, and causing heart diseases in adults were 92.13%, 88.85%, 87.99%, 82.05% and 62.56%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The rate of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District is comparatively high, while their awareness regarding non-respiratory diseases emanating from passive smoking is comparatively low.

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Objective:To study the effects of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization during late pregnancy on vaginal microbiota and neonatal outcomes.Methods:From September 2020 to September 2021, pregnant women receiving prenatal care and delivered in our hospital were prospectively enrolled. They were assigned into GBS(+) group and GBS(-) group based on the results of GBS culture and/or PCR tests of vaginal secretions. The mothers were also assigned into early-onset infection(EO) group and non-early-onset infection(non-EO) group based on the presence or absence of early-onset infection of their neonates. The vaginal microbiota and neonatal outcomes were compared between these groups.Results:A total of 125 cases were enrolled, including 65(52.0%) in GBS(+) group and 60(48.0%) in GBS(-) group. 24 cases (19.2%) were in EO group and 101 cases (80.8%) in non-EO group. The incidences of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), amniotic fluid contamination, chorioamnionitis and early-onset neonatal infection in GBS(+) group were significantly higher than GBS(-) group(all P<0.05).The abundances of Streptococcus and Ureaplasma in vaginal flora of GBS(+) group were higher than GBS(-) group ( P<0.01), whereas Rhodococcus, Phyllobacterium and Bifidobacterium were lower than GBS(-) group ( P<0.05).The EO group had significantly higher abundance of enterococcus than the non-EO group ( P<0.05). Mothers with GBS colonization and neonates with early-onset infection had the highest abundance of Escherichia/Shigella ( P=0.04). Mothers with GBS colonization and neonates without early-onset infection showed the highest abundance of Gardnerella ( P=0.04). Conclusions:GBS colonization during late pregnancy increases the incidences of PROM, amniotic fluid contamination, chorioamnionitis and early-onset neonatal infection. GBS colonization causes abnormal vaginal flora in pregnant women. The increases of Ureaplasma, Streptococcus, Escherichia/Shigella and Enterococcus in vaginal microbiota maybe associated with early-onset neonatal infection.

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Background Anxiety and depression are common perinatal mental health issues that often occur together and can have serious negative effects on both maternal and infant health. Objective To examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among pregnant women in Shanghai. Methods The study estimated the prevalence of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) based on data from the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) embryonic-derived diseases with assisted reproductive technology (ART) sub-cohort. Information on demographics, sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester was collected through self-made questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Lifestyle factors (such as sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester) were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine their impacts on the prevalence of CAD (yes or no) among pregnant women. Results A total of 2876 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of CAD was 10.6% (305), 3.6% (103), and 5.5% (159) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality throughout the entire pregnancy were statistically associated with an increased prevalence of CAD, and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.817 (1.845, 4.301), 2.840 (1.855, 4.347), and 9.316 (5.835, 14.876) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, when compared to good sleep quality. Additionally, compared to an intake frequency of 7 times per week, the frequency of egg intake ≤3 times per week in the first trimester (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.197, 3.425) and the frequency of egg intake of 4–6 times per week (OR=1.896, 95%CI: 1.117, 3.216) or ≤3 times per week (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.082, 3.357) in the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Moreover, when compared to a frequency of exercise >3 times per week, never or almost never exercising in the second trimester (OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.220, 4.035) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). The GLMM analysis also demonstrated a significant association between poor sleep quality, lower exercise frequency, or lower intake frequency of vegetables, eggs, or milk and an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of CAD among pregnant women in Shanghai follows a U-shaped distribution, with the highest rate occurring in early pregnancy and the lowest rate in mid-pregnancy. Factors such as poor sleep quality, inadequate intake of vegetables, eggs, or milk, and lack of exercise during pregnancy may increase the risk of CAD. Implementing lifestyle interventions during pregnancy could potentially reduce the risk of mental health problems and improve the overall health of both mothers and babies.

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Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the associated factors with positive self-perception of oral health in pregnant and postpartum women treated at a reference maternity hospital in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional study with women assisted in an extension project. The sample consisted of women evaluated in the period from 2012 to 2022 who passedthe inclusion and exclusion criteria. The outcome variable was self-perception of oral health, which was dichotomized after the participants' response options. The analyses were performed using the SPSS 20.0 software. Results: a total of 711 women participated. The positive self-perception of oral health was present in 50.2% of the sample. The associated factors were women without a partner (PR=1.07; CI95%=1.00-1.14; p=0.042), who went to the dentist during pregnancy (PR=1,12; CI95%=1.05-1.19; p<0.001), who brushed their teeth three times or more a day (PR=1.08; CI95%=1.01-1.15; p=0.028), with no dental caries (PR=1.10; CI95%=1.03-1.18; p=0.005) and who did not notice oral changes during the gestational period (RP=1.16; CI95%=1.09-1.24; p<0.001). Conclusions: positive self-perception of oral health was associated with better oral hygiene habits and visits to the dentist during the gestational period.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os fatores associados à autopercepção positiva de saúde bucal em gestantes e puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade referência no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com mulheres atendidas em um projeto de extensão. A amostra foi composta de mulheres avaliadas no período de 2012 a 2022 que passaram por critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A variável desfecho foi a autopercepção em saúde bucal, que foi dicotomizada após as opções de respostas das participantes. As análises foram realizadas pelo programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: participaram 711 mulheres, sendo que a autopercepção positiva de saúde bucal foi presente em 50,2%. Os fatores associados foram mulheres sem companheiro (RP=1,07; IC95%=1,00-1,14; p=0,042), que foram ao dentista durante a gestação (RP=1,12; IC95%=1,05-1,19; p<0,001), que escovavam os dentes três vezes ou mais ao dia (RP=1,08; IC95%=1,01-1,15; p=0,028), com ausência de cárie dentária (RP=1,10; IC95%=1,03-1,18; p=0,005) e que não perceberam alterações bucais durante o período gestacional (RP=1,16; IC95%=1,09-1,24; p<0,001). Conclusões: autopercepção positiva de saúde bucal foi associada com melhores hábitos de higiene bucal e consultas com o dentista durante o período gestacional.

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Objectifs: Evaluer le niveau de connaissances, décrire les attitudes ainsi que les perceptions des gestantes sur la césarienne. MéthodesIl s'agissait d'une étude descriptive transversale qui s'est déroulée durant la période allant du 01 Février au 30Avril 2023 (soit 3mois) dans les services des consultations prénatales (CPN) des 6 6 structures de la Ville Province de Kinshasa ; les Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), le Centre Hospitalier Roi Baudoin 1, l'Hôpital Saint Joseph(HSJ), les Maternités de Kintambo, de Binza et de Kingasani. Un total de 481 gestantes était interrogé dans l'ensemble des formations sanitaires sélectionnées. Les données sociodémographiques et celles relatives à la connaissance, attitude et perception sur la césarienne ont été récoltées par interview et analysées à l'aide des statistiques descriptives. L'évaluation de connaissances était faite selon la cotation suivante; moins de 50% de bonnes réponses (MAUVAISES) ;entre 50% et 70% de bonnes réponses (MOYENNES) et plus de 70% de bonnes réponses ( BONNES ). L'échelle de Likert a servi à l'évaluation des attitudes et perceptions sur la césarienne. Résultats Sur les 481 gestantes interviewées, seulement 16,1% avaient un antécédent personnel de Césarienne, l'âge de moyen de gestantes était de 29 ans, mariées pour la plupart (87,9%), employée (56,4%) avec un niveau d'étude secondaire (49,3%) et un niveau socio-économique moyen (53,8%). La source d'information sur cette intervention était diversifiée chez 39,8% de gestantes et les CPN n'ont contribué que dans 22,4%. Le niveau de connaissance était satisfaisant chez 73, 3% de gestantes. L'attitude des gestantes était négative chez 70,1% la perception par contre était positive à 64,4 %. Conclusion: La majorité de gestantes avait un niveau suffisant de connaissances sur la césarienne et une perception positive alors qu'elle garde une attitude négative face à cette intervention.

Objectives: Evaluate the level of knowledge, describe the attitudes and perceptions of pregnant women about cesarean section. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study which took place during the period from February 1 to April 30, 2023 (i.e. 3 months) in the prenatal consultation services (PCS) of the 6 health structures in the City Province of Kinshasa; the University Clinics of Kinshasa (UCK), Roi Baudoin 1 Hospital Center, Saint Joseph Hospital (SJH), Kintambo, Binza and Kingasani maternity wards. A total of 481 pregnant women were interviewed in all the selected health facilities.ResultsAmong the 481 pregnant women interviewed, only 16.1% had a personal history of Caesarean section, the average age of pregnant women was 29 years, most of them married (87.9%), employed (56.4%) with a secondary education level (49.3%) and a socio-economic level. average economic (53.8%). The source of information on this intervention was diversified among 39.8% of pregnant women and antenatal cares only contributed to 22.4%. The level of knowledge was satisfactory in 73.3% of pregnant women. The attitude of the pregnant women was negative at 70.1%, the perception on the other hand was positive at 64.4%.Conclusion:The majority of pregnant women had a sufficient level of knowledge about caesarean section and a positive perception while they maintain a negative attitude towards this intervention

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Abstract Objectives: to evaluate high-risk pregnant women's oral health perception and associated factors during dental prenatal care. Methods: observational cross-sectional study, developed in the city of Itapemirim-ES, with seventy-six high-risk pregnant women who answered a structured questionnaire with twenty questions, referring to the sociodemographic profile, pregnancy, use of dental services and perception of oral health, in the period of June to September 2021. Data were descriptively evaluated, and simple logistic regression models were estimated for each independent variable with the outcome, perception of oral health, grouped into very poor/poor and fair/good/excellent. Results: most women were over 20 years old (78.9%), housewives (60.5%), and considered their oral health to be excellent/good/regular (85.5%), understand that they should take better care of their teeth during pregnancy (92.1%), but 39.5% did not receive guidance on dental treatment during pregnancy. Pregnant women who do not feel that they should take better care of their teeth during pregnancy are more likely to consider their oral health to be very poor or poor (OR=7.75, CI95%= 1.33-45.12). Conclusions: pregnant women understand that care and habits related to oral health are important during pregnancy. Inadequate perception of the importance of oral care during pregnancy was associated with a negative self-perception of oral health.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a percepção em saúde bucal de gestantes de alto risco e fatores associados durante o pré-natal odontológico. Métodos: estudo transversal observacional, desenvolvido em Itapemirim-ES, com 76 gestantes de alto risco que responderam a um questionário estruturado com 20 perguntas, referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico, à gestação, uso de serviços odontológicos e percepção em saúde bucal, no período de junho a setembro de 2021. Os dados foram avaliados de forma descritiva e estimados modelos de regressão logística simples para cada variável independente com o desfecho, percepção em saúde bucal, agrupada em péssima/ruim e regular/boa/excelente. Resultados: a maioria tem mais de 20 anos (78,9%), é do lar (60,5%), e considera sua saúde bucal como excelente/boa/regular (85,5%), entende que deve cuidar melhor dos dentes durante a gravidez (92,1%), 39,5% não receberam orientações sobre tratamento dentário na gestação. Gestantes que não acham que devem cuidar melhor dos dentes durante a gravidez têm mais probabilidade de considerar a sua saúde bucal como péssima ou ruim (OR=7,75, IC95%= 1,33-45,12). Conclusões: as gestantes têm entendimento de que os cuidados e hábitos relacionados à saúde bucal são importantes na gestação. A percepção inadequada em relação à importância dos cuidados bucais durante a gravidez associou-se a uma autopercepção negativa da saúde bucal.

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El coronavirus ha continuado paseándose por el mundo con nuevas variantes, algunas consideradas de preocupación. Las hospitalizaciones aumentaron en algunas partes con la variante BA.2.86, especialmente en personas mayores obesas o con morbilidad, pero han disminuido, así como los fallecimientos. Las mujeres que gestaron mediante técnicas de reproducción asistida tuvieron similar morbilidad que quienes gestaron espontáneamente, pero con más resultados maternoperinatales adversos en aquellas de mayor edad, con embarazos múltiples, nuliparidad, índice de masa corporal >30. Los niños que nacieron al inicio de la pandemia mostraron un microbioma de diferente composición que quienes nacieron antes de la pandemia, lo que pudiera afectar su salud más adelante en la vida. Las personas que presentan COVID prolongado, un cuarto de ellas sufre secuelas en órganos y sistemas, con limitación y años perdidos de actividades, así como posibilidad de muerte prematura. El COVID prolongado ocurre más en mujeres entre 35 y 49 años y en quienes tienen menos ingresos económicos. Podrían desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Habría interacciones directas entre el SARS-CoV-2 y proteínas mitocondriales esenciales en la producción de energía. El ARN viral ha sido detectado en lesiones ateroescleróticas coronarias y la espiga ha sido hallada en huesos del cráneo, meninges y cerebro. Las vacunas contra el coronavirus protegen a las gestantes y sus recién nacidos a través de transferencia placentaria y la lactancia. En la población, la inmunidad protectora de la infección y de las vacunas declina con el tiempo y se requerirá nueva vacunación con una regularidad aún no determinada.

The coronavirus has continued to move around the world with new variants, some of which are of concern. Hospitalizations increased in some places with the BA.2.86 variant, especially in obese or morbid elderly people, but have decreased, as have deaths. Women who gestated by assisted reproductive techniques had similar morbidity as those who gestated spontaneously, but with more adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in those older, with multiple pregnancies, nulliparity, body mass index >30. Children born at the beginning of the pandemic showed a different microbiome composition than those born before the pandemic, which could affect their health later in life. Among people with long COVID, a quarter of them suffer organ and system sequelae, with limitation and lost years of activity, as well as the possibility of premature death. Long COVID occurs more in women between 35-49 years of age and in those with lower income. They could develop type 2 diabetes. There would be direct interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins essential in energy production. Viral RNA has been detected in coronary atherosclerotic lesions and the spike has been found in skull bones, meninges and brain. Coronavirus vaccines protect pregnant women and their newborns through placental transfer and lactation. In the population, protective immunity from infection and vaccines declines over time and new vaccination will be required at an as yet undetermined regularity.

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Objetivo: Describir la percepción del padre por lo que respecta al rol paterno en la lactancia materna exclusiva en la región de Ñuble, Chile, durante el año 2021 y 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de carácter cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico, de tipo no probabilístico. Se seleccionaron 7 padres y se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada de 20-35 minutos de duración a cada participante a través de la plataforma Zoom. En el análisis se utilizaron las grabaciones de las entrevistas para su posterior transcripción y codificación. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 5 clasificaciones relevantes para la interpretación de las respuestas entregadas por los participantes. Si bien todos los padres vivieron y viven el proceso de la lactancia materna de diferente manera, todos saben y reconocen la importancia de su rol frente a la lactancia materna, además coinciden en que este hito genera distintos sentimientos y emociones. Conclusión: Es importante que los padres reciban una amplia información sobre la lactancia materna y lo que eso conlleva, para que así puedan ser una ayuda concreta durante el periodo de lactancia(AU)

Objective: To describe the perception of the father regarding the paternal role in exclusive breastfeeding in the region of Ñuble, Chile, during the year 2021 and 2022. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological design of a non-probabilistic type. 7 parents were selected and a semi-structured interview of 20-35 minutes was conducted with each participant through the Zoom platform. In the analysis, the recordings of the interviews were used for subsequent transcription and coding. Results: 5 relevant classifications were obtained for the interpretation of the answers submitted by the participants. While all parents lived and live the breastfeeding process differently, everyone knows and recognizes the importance of their role in breastfeeding, and they also agree that this milestone generates different feelings and emotions. Conclusion: It is important that male fathers receive extensive information about breastfeeding and what it entails, so that they can be a concrete help during the breastfeeding period(AU)

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Background: Pregnant women and neonates are considered as high-risk groups of population. Due to higher risk of COVID-19 in pregnant women, the aim of this study was to determine neonates' complications in COVID-19 infected pregnant women in early period of pandemic in Ardabil province. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 21 infected pregnant women and their neonates from Feb to June 2020 in Alavi Hospital, Ardabil. Mother抯 clinical and laboratory findings and their neonates were registered in a checklist. Neonates� complications were assessed and infants 'growth and developmental disorders followed up at 28 days, 6 months, and 12 months. Collected data were analysed by statistical methods in SPSS version 24. Results: In terms of clinical symptoms, the most prevalence symptoms were shortness of breath, fever, chills and dry cough. 15 infected mothers had a cesarean section and there was no maternal and neonatal mortality in this study. Of the 21 neonates, 13 were boys and 8 girls. Five neonates had respiratory distress and were admitted to the intensive care unit for 1 week. In these 5 neonates, arterial pH was low and neonatal CRP was high and the blood culture was negative for them. Also, all neonates were negative for COVID-19. None of the newborns had problems with feeding and poor reflexes and other symptoms. All newborns had negative PCR. 19 neonates were born over 2500 grams. Conclusions: Results showed that suffering to COVID-19 had not relation with growth disorder in neonates and mother's clinical symptoms had not different with other symptoms. So we can use similar investigations to control of COVID-19 in all pregnant women. Also, COVID-19 infection in newborns was not associated with growth and developmental disorders in 1 year fallow up.

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Background: Around 56 million miscarriages are performed each year in the world, with about 45% are done unsafely. Miscarriage poses great risks and complications that contribute to long-term physical and psychological problems. Good knowledge and practice related to pregnancy follow-up and avoiding the causes of miscarriage will reduce its risks significantly. Aim of current study was to determine and identify the rate and risk factors of miscarriage and the common causes of miscarriage among women in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. In addition, to evaluate the level of awareness of the risks and complications of miscarriage among women attending the maternity hospital, Sudan. Methods: A quantitative, cross sectional study using questionnaires (N=100) was used in this study to determine the risk factors of miscarriage in women attending the maternity hospital in Omdurman, Sudan Results: The study revealed that miscarriages were not very frequent, and there was no significant family history of miscarriages. However, those who had a miscarriage were in the first trimester of pregnancy. One of the main causes of miscarriage is the presence of severe stress from work, illness and food poisoning. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest different interventions to reduce the risks of miscarriages such as educating mothers about antenatal care and to take precautions during the first trimester to avoid miscarriages and educating families about the risks of being in consanguineous relationships. In addition, raising awareness about contraceptive methods to reduce the rates of induced miscarriages.

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El virus SARS-CoV-2 sigue replicándose. Sus nuevas variantes no estarían causando las muertes y hospitalizaciones graves de los años 2020 a 2022, por lo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha declarado el final del estado de emergencia sanitaria. Hasta el 24 de mayo de 2023, el tablero de coronavirus de la OMS señala más de 766 millones de casos confirmados, y cerca de 7 millones de muertes en el mundo, con mayor concentración en Europa, Pacífico Occidental y América (especialmente en los E.E. U.U. y Brasil). Europa y China se preparan para los nuevos avances del virus. Por ello se recomienda precaución sanitaria y cumplir con la vacunación y refuerzos, así como elaborar nuevas vacunas. Se comenta sobre la fragilidad de los ensayos aleatorios publicados en los primeros dos años de la pandemia, así como los recientes hallazgos de cuáles enfermos con COVID podrían desarrollar COVID prolongado. Es de importancia conocer los nuevos alcances sobre la afectación del coronavirus sobre la gestante, el feto y neonato y el seguimiento inicial de los últimos.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to replicate. Its new variants would not be causing the deaths and serious hospitalizations of the years 2020-2022, so the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the end of the state of health emergency. Until May 24, 2023, the WHO coronavirus dashboard shows more than 766 million confirmed cases, and about 7 million deaths in the world, with greater concentration in Europe, Western Pacific, and America (especially the U.S.A. and Brazil). Europe and China prepare for new virus breakthroughs. Therefore, health precaution is recommended, as well as compliance with vaccination and boosters, and the development of new vaccines. We comment on the fragility of randomized trials published in the first two years of the pandemic, as well as recent findings of which patients with COVID could develop long COVID. It is important to know the new scopes on the affectation of the coronavirus on the pregnant woman, the fetus and the neonate and the initial follow-up of the latter.

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Background: In the spread of COVID-19 Less exposure to iodine affects the health of the pregnant woman and fetus, causing miscarriages and premature births. low birth weight, anemia and hypothyroidism in newborns. Changes in levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone besides genetics, and many environmental factors can also affect thyroid function. This research aims to study the impact of environmental factors on thyroid-stimulating hormone in newborns.Methods: The sample consisted of 134 postpartum women randomly selected by simple method from 807 postpartum women in 2020-2022. The data were collected between June-July 2022 by interviewing social, environment, and household economy. Lifestyle, Iodine salt intake, drugs, iodine supplements and quality antenatal care correlation with Thyroid-stimulating hormone were determined by multiple logistic regression, adjusted odd ratio (ORadj), and 95%Confidence Interval (95% CI) were presented.Results: The results revealed that 67.7% were pregnant aged 20-34 years, 50.7% took iodized salt before pregnancy, 67.2% consumed during pregnancy, 45.5% received salt during antenatal care, 30.6% took folate(B9) before pregnancy,53.0%took antenatal care qualitatively and took iodine supplementation (57.5% daily intake, 29.9% intake 4-6 days/week, 11.9% intake 2-3 days/week). Most of them consume high iodine foods not variety and not frequent enough. High iodine supplements/diet intake, household income, COVID-19 infection, and antenatal care qualitatively were not significant. The significant correlation factor was not eating iodized salt, low education level and residing in the sub-district administrative organization. The results of the correlation analysis using Backward elimination showed that positively correlated with pregnant women whose husbands drink alcohol were hypothyroidism 0.3 times (95%CI=0.10-0.66), husbands smoking 0.4 times (95% CI=0.20-0.94, and pre-pregnancy malnutrition were 2.6 times (95%CI=1.17-5.74).Conclusions: The findings iodine affects to health of pregnant women and fetuses, Therefore, a more rigorous monitoring system for Iodized salt should be designed to encourage a higher rate of pregnant women to take iodine supplementation daily.

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OBJETIVO: No mundo, cerca de 16 milhões de mulheres vivem com HIV, muitas delas em idade reprodutiva. Esses níveis de infecção e as taxas de transmissão vertical ainda trazem grandes preocupações, devido à pouca intervenção terapêutica precoce em muitos países africanos. Em Moçambique, país da África Subsaariana, os índices de prevalência do HIV são de 13,2%, colocando o país em segundo lugar na conta de novas infecções, atrás apenas da África do Sul. OBJETIVO: Conhecer as experiências e as principais dificuldades vivenciadas pelas gestantes ou lactantes soropositivas e seus parceiros sexuais no contexto específico. METODOLOGIA: Estudo qualitativo realizado em Chókwè na província de Gaza- Moçambique. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres gestantes ou lactantes que vivem com HIV, com seus parceiros sexuais e com profissionais de saúde. Foram realizados grupos focais com mães mentoras e entrevista em grupo com pais mentores, as quais ocorreram no segundo semestre de 2021. As entrevistas e os encontros foram gravados com gravador de voz e transcritas na íntegra. As informações passaram pelo processo de análise temática. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo dez mulheres gestantes ou lactantes soropositivas e um parceiro sexual; treze mães mentoras e dois pais mentores; duas enfermeiras de Saúde Materno Infantil e uma psicóloga. Os achados revelam que as participantes associam o diagnóstico do HIV ao teste de gravidez ou ao parto, e o período da gestação e da amamentação é marcado pelo medo de infectar o filho com o vírus. As mulheres escondem seu estado sorológico do marido, da família e da comunidade por medo das consequências relacionadas com normas sociais rígidas e interferência de fatores culturais. Os resultados dos profissionais de saúde trouxeram aspectos similares aos das mulheres vivendo com HIV, entretanto, ressaltam a falta de profissionais para oferecer atendimento de qualidade. Constatou-se que na unidade de saúde e na comunidade utilizam palestras como única estratégia de educação em saúde, apesar da pouca eficácia. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se que ainda existem muitas barreiras para prevenção da transmissão vertical em Moçambique, em especial, a qualidade do aconselhamento e dificuldades de acesso ao serviço, seja por falta de recursos ou pelas normas sociais e familiares que não reconhecem a autonomia da mulher. É necessario apoiar as mães que não desejam amamentar e aquelas que tem maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Recomenda-se maior investimento nas estratégias de apoio psicossocial e envolvimento comunitário, utilizando alternativas como a Terapia Comunitária Integrativa (TCI) e Educação Popular. Sugere-se o envolvimento de lideranças comunitárias no processo de desenvolvimento de um programa de intervenção e promoção de saúde mental para mulheres gestantes ou lactantes soropositivas.

OBJECTIVE: In the world, about 16 million women are living with HIV, many of them in reproductive age. These levels of infection and vertical transmission rates are still of great concern, due to the lack of early therapeutic intervention in many African countries. In Mozambique, a country in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV prevalence rates are 13.2%, placing the country in second place in terms of new infections, behind only South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To know the experiences and the main difficulties experienced by HIV-positive pregnant or lactating women and their sexual partners in the specific context. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative study carried out in Chókwè in the province of Gaza - Mozambique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant or lactating women living with HIV, with their sexual partners and with health professionals. Focus groups were held with mentor mothers and group interviews with mentor fathers, which took place in the second half of 2021. The interviews and meetings were recorded with a voice recorder and transcribed in full. The information went through the thematic analysis process. RESULTS: Ten seropositive pregnant or lactating women and one sexual partner participated in the study; thirteen mentor mothers and two mentor fathers; two Maternal and Child Health nurses and a psychologist. The findings reveal that the participants associate the HIV diagnosis with the pregnancy test or childbirth, and the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding is marked by the fear of infecting the child with the virus. Women hide their serological status from their husband, family and community for fear of consequences related to rigid social norms and interference of cultural factors. The results of health professionals brought similar aspects to those of women living with HIV, however, they highlight the lack of professionals to offer quality care. It was found that the health unit and the community use lectures as the only health education strategy, despite its low effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that there are still many barriers to preventing mother-to-child transmission in Mozambique, in particular, the quality of counseling and difficulties in accessing the service, whether due to lack of resources or social and family norms that do not recognize women's autonomy. . It is necessary to support mothers who do not wish to breastfeed and those who are more socioeconomically vulnerable. Greater investment in psychosocial support and community involvement strategies is recommended, using alternatives such as Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) and Popular Education. It is suggested the involvement of community leaders in the process of developing a program of intervention and promotion of mental health for seropositive pregnant or lactating women.

OBJETIVO: En el mundo, alrededor de 16 millones de mujeres viven con el VIH, muchas de ellas en edad reproductiva. Estos niveles de infección y tasas de transmisión vertical siguen siendo motivo de gran preocupación, debido a la falta de una intervención terapéutica temprana en muchos países africanos. En Mozambique, un país del África subsahariana, las tasas de prevalencia del VIH son del 13,2%, lo que coloca al país en el segundo lugar en términos de nuevas infecciones, solo por detrás de Sudáfrica. OBJETIVO: Conocer las vivencias y las principales dificultades vividas por mujeres embarazadas o lactantes seropositivas y sus parejas sexuales en el contexto específico. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo realizado en Chókwè en la provincia de Gaza-Mozambique. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con mujeres embarazadas o lactantes que viven con el VIH, con sus parejas sexuales y con profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron grupos focales con madres mentoras y entrevistas grupales con padres mentores, que se realizaron en el segundo semestre de 2021. Las entrevistas y encuentros fueron grabados con una grabadora de voz y transcritas en su totalidad. La información pasó por el proceso de análisis temático. RESULTADOS: Participaron del estudio diez mujeres embarazadas o lactantes seropositivas y una pareja sexual; trece madres mentoras y dos padres mentores; dos enfermeras de Salud Materno Infantil y una psicóloga. Los hallazgos revelan que las participantes asocian el diagnóstico de VIH con la prueba de embarazo o el parto, y el período de embarazo y lactancia está marcado por el miedo a contagiar al niño con el virus. Las mujeres ocultan su estado serológico a su esposo, familia y comunidad por temor a las consecuencias relacionadas con las normas sociales rígidas y la interferencia de factores culturales. Los resultados de los profesionales de la salud trajeron aspectos similares a los de las mujeres que viven con el VIH, sin embargo, destacan la falta de profesionales para ofrecer una atención de calidad. Se constató que la unidad de salud y la comunidad utilizan las charlas como única estrategia de educación en salud, a pesar de su baja efectividad. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó que todavía existen muchas barreras para prevenir la transmisión maternoinfantil en Mozambique, en particular, la calidad de la consejería y las dificultades para acceder al servicio, ya sea por falta de recursos o por normas sociales y familiares que no reconocer la autonomía de la mujer. Es necesario apoyar a las madres que no desean amamantar ya aquellas que son más vulnerables socioeconómicamente. Se recomienda una mayor inversión en estrategias de apoyo psicosocial y participación comunitaria, utilizando alternativas como la Terapia Comunitaria Integrativa (TIC) y la Educación Popular. Se sugiere involucrar a los líderes comunitarios en el proceso de desarrollo de un programa de intervención y promoción de la salud mental para mujeres embarazadas o lactantes seropositivas.

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Objetivo: Identificar e conhecer a visão das parturientes em relação ao papel do enfermeiro no parto humanizado. Método:Pesquisa de campo qualiquantitativo de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os dados quantitativos foram tabulados no Excel, e os qualitativos analisados pela temática de Minayo. Resultado: De acordo com os dados obtidos na pesquisa14,28% das participantes reportaram que houve ameaça, foram impossibilitadas de caminhar, procurar posições mais confortáveis e aplicação de episiotomia, a presença do acompanhante foi impossibilitada em 28,6% das participantes. Os toques vaginais por diferentes pessoas aconteceram em 57,14% das participantes, 35,71% relataram o encaminhamento do bebê para sala de procedimentos sem nenhuma justificativa considerável. Conclusão: O papel do enfermeiro é de grande importância para preparar a mulher antes, durante e após o trabalho de parto com orientações sobre os seus direitos,o enfermeiro deve estar preparado constantemente para atender a sua comunidade(AU)

Objective: To identify and understand the view of parturients in relation to the role of nurses in humanized childbirth. Method: Qualitative field research in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Quantitative data were tabulated in Excel, and qualitative data analyzed by Minayo's theme. Result: According to the data obtained in the survey, 14.28% of the participants reported that there was a threat, they were unable to walk, look for more comfortable positions and apply an episiotomy, the presence of a companion was impossible in 28.6% of the participants. Vaginal touches by different people happened in 57.14% of the participants, 35.71% reported the baby being sent to the procedure room without any considerable justification. Conclusion: The role of nurses is of great importance to prepare women before, during and after labor with guidelines on their rights, nurses must be constantly prepared to serve their community.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar y comprender la visión de las parturientas en relación al papel del enfermero en el parto humanizado. Método: Investigación cualitativa de campo en una ciudad del interior del estado de São Paulo. Los datos cuantitativos fueron tabulados en Excel y los datos cualitativos analizados por el tema de Minayo. Resultado: De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos en la encuesta, el 14,28% de los participantes reportaron que había amenaza, no podían caminar, buscar posiciones más cómodas y aplicar una episiotomía, la presencia de un acompañante era imposible en el 28,6% de los participantes. Los toques vaginales por diferentes personas ocurrieron en el 57,14% de las participantes, el 35,71% relató que el bebé fue enviado a la sala de procedimientos sin ninguna justificación considerable. Conclusión: El papel de las enfermeras es de gran importancia para preparar a las mujeres antes, durante y después del parto con lineamientos sobre sus derechos, las enfermeras deben estar constantemente preparadas para servir a su comunidad(AU)

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Objetivo: Identificar e conhecer a visão das parturientes em relação ao papel do enfermeiro no parto humanizado. Método:Pesquisa de campo qualiquantitativo de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os dados quantitativos foram tabulados no Excel, e os qualitativos analisados pela temática de Minayo. Resultado: De acordo com os dados obtidos na pesquisa14,28% das participantes reportaram que houve ameaça, foram impossibilitadas de caminhar, procurar posições mais confortáveis e aplicação de episiotomia, a presença do acompanhante foi impossibilitada em 28,6% das participantes. Os toques vaginais por diferentes pessoas aconteceram em 57,14% das participantes, 35,71% relataram o encaminhamento do bebê para sala de procedimentos sem nenhuma justificativa considerável. Conclusão: O papel do enfermeiro é de grande importância para preparar a mulher antes, durante e após o trabalho de parto com orientações sobre os seus direitos,o enfermeiro deve estar preparado constantemente para atender a sua comunidade.(AU)

Objective: To identify and understand the view of parturients in relation to the role of nurses in humanized childbirth. Method: Qualitative field research in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Quantitative data were tabulated in Excel, and qualitative data analyzed by Minayo's theme. Result: According to the data obtained in the survey, 14.28% of the participants reported that there was a threat, they were unable to walk, look for more comfortable positions and apply an episiotomy, the presence of a companion was impossible in 28.6% of the participants. Vaginal touches by different people happened in 57.14% of the participants, 35.71% reported the baby being sent to the procedure room without any considerable justification. Conclusion: The role of nurses is of great importance to prepare women before, during and after labor with guidelines on their rights, nurses must be constantly prepared to serve their community.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar y comprender la visión de las parturientas en relación al papel del enfermero en el parto humanizado. Método: Investigación cualitativa de campo en una ciudad del interior del estado de São Paulo. Los datos cuantitativos fueron tabulados en Excel y los datos cualitativos analizados por el tema de Minayo. Resultado: De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos en la encuesta, el 14,28% de los participantes reportaron que había amenaza, no podían caminar, buscar posiciones más cómodas y aplicar una episiotomía, la presencia de un acompañante era imposible en el 28,6% de los participantes. Los toques vaginales por diferentes personas ocurrieron en el 57,14% de las participantes, el 35,71% relató que el bebé fue enviado a la sala de procedimientos sin ninguna justificación considerable. Conclusión: El papel de las enfermeras es de gran importancia para preparar a las mujeres antes, durante y después del parto con lineamientos sobre sus derechos, las enfermeras deben estar constantemente preparadas para servir a su comunidad.(AU)

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Objective@#To explore the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and GDM prevention for pregnant women.@*Methods@#Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The questionnaire of "The Survey on Nutrition and Health of Pregnant Women in China" was used to collect general information, food intake frequency and amount during a month before OGTT. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, and the association between dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 449 pregnant women were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 31.00 (5.00) years and a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 35.00 (3.00) weeks. There were 7 dietary patterns named potato-cereal pattern, poultry-meat-dessert pattern, milk-egg-aquatic product pattern, mushroom-vegetable-offal pattern, fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten food pattern, and beverage-nut pattern according to the food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the poultry-meat-dessert pattern (OR=0.242, 95%CI: 0.086-0.678) and the fruit-bean pattern (OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.025-0.342), compared with the potato-cereal pattern. @*Conclusion@#Compared to the potato-cereal pattern, the poultry-meat-dessert pattern and the fruit-bean pattern may reduce the risk of GDM. Key words： gestational diabetes mellitus dietary pattern pregnant woman low carbohydrate diet