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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem globally and in India. Many studies in the past have documented inadequate glycemic control and complication rates among the Indian diabetic population due to inappropriate or inadequate pharmacological treatment. Studies assessing the prescription pattern are also very Scarce from the country. The present study has been conducted with the objective of assessing the profile of diabetic patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital and the prescription pattern of anti-diabetic medication among them. Aims and Objectives: The study is aimed to analyze the current prescribing patterns for patients with both uncomplicated and complicated Type 2 DM in a tertiary care hospital and to identify the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications and their combinations in both uncomplicated and complicated cases. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective case record review of 136 patients with Type 2 DM admitted in the ward of general medicine department of a Tertiary care teaching hospital. Results: The mean age was 54.39 ± 12.46 years and 61.03% of participants were males. Comorbidities such as systemic hypertension were present in 21.32% of participants and hyperlipidemia was present in 11.76% of participants. The proportion of subjects, who had complicated DM, was 52.21%. Among the study population, 77 (56.62%) had oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) alone, 27 (19.85%) had insulin alone, and 32 (23.53%) had Insulin + OHA. Among the study population, 70 (51.47%) had single OHA, 32 (23.53%) had dual combination of OHA, and 7 (5.15%) had triple combination OHA. The majority (53.70%) people were taking metformin, 20 (14.71%) people were taking glimepiride, 16 (11.76%) people were taking glibenclamide, 13 (9.56%) people were taking gliptins. Among the study population, 34 (25%) people were taking actrapid, 32 (23.53%) people were taking mixtard, and 10 (7.35%) people were taking lup Insulin. Among the study population, 32 (23.53%) had anti-hypertensive drugs, 19 (13.97%) had statins, 14 (10.29%) had antiplatelet, 12 (8.82%) had antibiotics and 4 (8.94%) had diuretics. The mean fasting blood sugar at admission was 178.51 ± 69.56 g/dL and at the discharge was 123.23 ± 24.92 g/dL and the mean difference (55.29) between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean postprandial blood sugars at admission was 228.92 ± 67.03 g/dL and at the discharge was 166.66 ± 30.73 g/dL, and the mean difference (55.29) between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The treatment intake was inadequate and glycemic control was poor in majority of the diabetic population. There is high reliance on metformin and sulfonylureas and insulin is underutilized even in patients with poor glycemic control. There is strong need to optimize the therapy in diabetic patients.
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Background: The most common superficial fungal infections are tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea unguium, and tinea facie and cutaneous Candida albicans infections such as oral thrush, oropharyngeal candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, and onychomycosis. Aims and Objectives: (i) Analysis of prescription pattern of antifungal drugs and (ii) to study common adverse effects. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational study conducted in B. K. L. Walawalkar Hospital, Sawarde, Ratnagiri. A total of 993 case papers were analyzed after getting approval from the institutional ethics committee and permission from dermatology department. The frequency with percentage was used for the analysis of data. Results: In 993 patients with superficial fungal infections, 523 (52.7%) were males and 470 (47.3%) were females. Majority of patients were belonged to 21–40-year age group, i.e., 439 (44.2%) followed by 41–60 years, i.e., 244 (24.6%). Our study shows that the most common superficial fungal infections with single lesion were tinea corporis (22.3%), tinea cruris (14.6%), and pityriasis versicolor (13.9%). In Candida albicans, the most common infection was onychomycosis 14 (1.4%). The most common antifungal prescribed was luliconazole (20.84%) followed by itraconazole (20.58%). The most common route was topical route (68.26%). Combination of drugs was not prescribed. Different prescription indicators were that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.4 and average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.7. Conclusion: Most commonly prescribed newer antifungal was luliconazole. Next most commonly prescribed by oral route was itraconazole. In our study prescription pattern were rational approach in two points, they are no use of combination of drugs and many drugs were selected from essential medicinal list.
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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines drug utilization as “the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drug in a society with special emphasis on resulting medical, social, and economic consequences.” Prescription monitoring and drug utilization patterns should be taken care, so it will provide better efficacy and reduce the adverse drug reactions. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prescribing pattern (using the WHO prescription Indicators). Materials and Methods: A retrospective drug utilization study was conducted in the post-operative patients of obstetrics and gynecology (OBG) department over a period of 4 months after getting approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Name, sex, age, diagnosis, and treatment were recorded from patient’s case sheet of post-operative patients. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Result: A total of 238 cases were recorded. The average number of drugs per encounter was seven. Antacids, analgesics, antibiotics, and intravenous fluids were common. About 99.57% of encounters were prescribed an antibiotic. Average number of injections prescribed was 95.8% and 525 (31.47%) were prescribed by their generic name. About 99.8% were from the National list of essential medicine-2015. Conclusion: It was observed that most of the drugs were prescribed according to the national essential list of medicines. Major advantage in of the study is to prevent irrational prescription and reduce health-care burden in the community.
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Background: Community pharmacists play a vital role in ensuring that pediatric patients utilize drugs safely and effectively. Pediatric patients require special attention. To identify possible gaps in their knowledge of proper dosage, formulation selection, pharmacists' knowledge, and practices of pediatric prescriptions must be evaluated. These assessments help pharmacists become more competent in handling of pediatric prescriptions, and accurately counselling caretakers. Targeted evaluation can be assessed to ensure pediatric care with lower medication errors in pediatric prescriptions. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of retail pharmacists (KAPs) in Lahore's community pharmacies regarding the prescription patterns of pediatric patients. Methods: The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in different community Pharmacies in Lahore, Pakistan. Data was collected on validated questionnaire after getting consent from 133 Pharmacists. 24th Edition of SPSS was used for statistical analysis of the collected data. Pharmacists who refuse to fill the form were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 133 Pharmacists participated in the current study. A statistically significant association was observed between the pharmacists gender and their level of knowledge regarding prescription pattern in pediatrics with a p-value of <0.001. However, a statistically non-significant association was found between Pharmacists having higher education (MPhil, Ph.D., Graduate) and knowledge about prescription pattern in pediatrics with a p-value of 0.879. Conclusion: Pharmacist can offer pediatric medication counselling to parents and children who are comfortable with it, even though Childrens are rarely present at pharmacies when prescriptions are taken up. For the purpose of facilitating counselling and educating children about the safe and effective use of medications, pharmacists must create and employ interactive and instructional technologies.
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Background: Ischemic heart disease is a critical global health issue characterized by inadequate blood supply to the myocardium, leading to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. This study aimed to analyze the prescription patterns of both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular drugs among ischemic heart disease patients at a government medical college hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. This observationalMethods and Materials: prospective study was conducted over six months, from April to September 2023, involving 100 patients aged 31 years and above. Data were collected during ward rounds and regular follow-ups and were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2021. Results: The study revealed that the majority of ischemic heart disease patients were aged 51 to 60 years and men had a higher predominance rate than women. The most frequently prescribed drug classes were antiplatelet agents (17.26%), antihypertensives (17%), antihyperlipidemic drugs (8.76%), anticoagulants (7.80%), and nitrates (7.18%). Additionally, non- cardiovascular drugs were widely prescribed, with antacids (8.93%) and benzodiazepines (7.27%) being the most common. The prescription patterns largely adhered to established management guidelines, with a focus on antiplatelets, antihypertensives, and statins. The frequent use of non-cardiovascular drugs indicated the presence of comorbid conditions, such as gastroesophageal reux disease and anxiety. This study highlights the prescription patterns for ischemicConclusion: heart disease and their adherence to standard management practices concluding that antiplatelets were the most commonly prescribed drugs. It also emphasizes the need for future research with larger populations and an assessment of clinical outcomes.
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Background: One of the cases of accidental injuries is burns. Globally, every year estimated 180,000 mortalities occur due to burns, and most of the deaths are seen in the lower or poor socioeconomic class of developing countries. Due to predominantly poor and low socioeconomic status, overpopulation, poor education, and unreachability to advanced burn care in certain parts of the country - the incidence, complications, and deaths have continued to rise in developing countries. About 75% of the deaths associated with burn injuries are related to wound infection, especially in developing countries. The present study was undertaken to study the microflora of burn wounds as well as drug utilization in the management of burn patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Aims and objectives: Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistant pattern and drug utilization in burns patients. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 130 hospitalized burn patients over 12 months (from November 2020 to November 2021). All burn patients who were admitted in the hospital and received at least 1 day of treatment were included in the study. All required information, including demographic data, prescribed medication, microbial culture sensitivity report, and treatment outcome were recorded in the case record form. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel version 2019. Results: Of a total of 130 burn patients, 52% were females. The most common type of burn was flame in 69% of patients. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days and it ranged from 1 to 40 days. Culture from burns wound revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (47.6%) as the most common organism isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (45.2%), Acinetobacter baumannii (14.2%), Proteus mirabilis (14.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), and Escherichia coli (4.7%). Among the isolated microorganisms, most of them showed sensitivity to beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and tetracyclines. Sulphonamide was dominant among the topically applied antibiotics, whereas cephalosporins were dominant among the systemically administered antibiotics. The average number of drugs per-prescription ranges from 6.5 to 8.5. Conclusion: The present study results are helpful in understanding the pattern of burns wound sepsis, the dominant bacterial organism, the antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance, and the drug utilization pattern in burns patients.
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Background: Treatment of COPD depends on disease severity, phenotype and exacerbation risk. Inhaled medications are the treatment of choice in COPD. We undertook this survey to find the most commonly prescribed inhalational medication in COPD as per the severity of the disease. Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of pulmonologists in real-world clinical practice settings conducted across India. Results: The participants included 806 pulmonologists across India. Seventy-five per cent of pulmonologists ranked symptom relief, reduction in the frequency of exacerbations and improvement in lung function as the most important treatment targets. In COPD patients falling under GOLD group A, the treatment choice by pulmonologists in descending rank order was fomroterol/glycopyrronium (32%), ipratropium (38%), and tiotropium (30%) and for gold group B, this was fomroterol/glycopyrronium (34%), followed by indacaterol/glycopyrronium (26%) and tiotropium/formoterol (40%). In the GOLD group E, triple therapy (formoterol/glycopyrronium/budesonide) was preferred by 41% of pulmonologists. In the frequent exacerbator, predominant emphysema, chronic bronchitis and concomitant asthma phenotype, 44%, 38%, 46% and 32% of pulmonologists ranked formoterol/ glycopyrronium/budesonide as their preferred 1st therapy, respectively. Among COPD patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidity, 31% of pulmonologists selected formoterol/glycopyrronium/budesonide as 1st-preference drug therapy. Similar results were obtained for COPD patients with metabolic syndrome comorbidity. Conclusions: For the management of COPD patients, pulmonologists predominantly preferred a triple drug combination of formoterol/glycopyrronium/budesonide in GOLD group E and also in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Fomroterol/glycopyrronium was the most preferred combination for GOLD group A and GOLD group B.
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Background: The guidelines from the Joint National Committee (JNC-8) emphasize the importance of rapid blood pressure (BP) control to reduce morbidity and mortality. The success of hypertension treatment depends on various factors, with irrational prescription being strongly linked to poor BP control. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of antihypertensive drug prescriptions among patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted in 2018, including all hypertensive patients on medication. Their prescription patterns were analyzed. Results: The study analyzed prescriptions from 240 hypertensive patients. The mean ages for male and female patients were 56.68±15.32 and 62.29±12.65 years, respectively. Physicians commonly prescribed monotherapy (34.60%) followed by two-drug (18.40%), three-drug (11.80%), and four-drug combinations (3.00%). The most frequent two-drug combination was ACE inhibitors + diuretics (4.40%), followed by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) + diuretics (3.60%) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) + ACE inhibitors (2.60%). Adherence to JNC 8 guidelines was 19.3% for pre-hypertension, 88.70% for stage 1 hypertension, and 73.29% for stage 2 hypertension. Conclusions: Monotherapies were the most commonly prescribed regimens. Twice-daily dosing and monthly appointments were associated with lower incidences of uncontrolled BP. However, complete adherence to standard guidelines was not observed in all cases, especially in patients with comorbid conditions.
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Resumen Introducción : La prescripción es el nodo del manejo y uso de medicamentos que con mayor frecuencia presen ta errores de medicación, según diversos estudios. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las prescripciones antes y después de la incorporación de una ronda multi disciplinar en el área de cuidados intensivos pediátricos y su implicación en la ocurrencia de eventos adversos por medicamentos. Métodos : Se trata de un estudio antes y después, no controlado. Resultados : Se estudiaron 100 pacientes antes y 100 después, rango 1-17 años, edad media: 6.4 DE: 8.7. El 55.5% (n = 111) eran varones. Se detectó un error de prescripción antes de la intervención del 12% (n = 12) y después de intervención, del 0%, p = 0.001. Se detectó un total de 45 eventos adversos por 100 ingresos y 38 eventos por 100 ingresos, antes y después de la inter vención respectivamente (p > 0.05). Conclusión : La intervención fue útil para disminuir el error de prescripción en esta muestra de pacientes.
Abstract Introduction : Prescription is the node of medication management and use that most frequently presents medication errors, according to various studies. This study aims to analyze prescriptions before and after the incorporation of a multidisciplinary round in the pediatric intensive care area and its implication in the occurrence of adverse drug events. Methods : This is an uncontrolled before and after study. Results : 100 patients were studied before and 100 after, range 1-17 years, mean age: 6.4 SD: 8.7. 55.5% (n = 111) were men. A prescription error was detected before the intervention of 12% (n = 12) and after 0% of the inter vention, 0%, p = 0.001. A total of 45 adverse events were detected, that is, 45 adverse events per 100 admissions and 38, that is, 38 events per 100 admissions, before and after the intervention respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion : The intervention was useful to reduce prescription error in this sample of patients.
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Aims: The aim of the study is to assess antibiotic utilization patterns among critically ill and post-operative ICU patients, with the goals of optimizing prescribing practices, evaluating adherence to guidelines, and minimizing risks associated with antibiotic resistance. Study Design: Prospective Observational. Place and Duration of Study: BAPS Pramukh Swami Hospital, Surat between November 2022-March 2023. Materials and Methods: The study included 108 patients directly admitted to the ICU, selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and categorized as critically ill or post-operative patients requiring ICU admission. Additionally, patients needed to have been prescribed at least one antibiotic, whether for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded for each patient using a pre-established case report form. The study aimed to analyze adverse events associated with antibiotic usage among these ICU patients, utilizing Microsoft Excel for data analysis. Results: The total number of prescribed antibiotics was 235, the empirically prescribed antibiotics were Cefoperazone + Sulbactam 54 (21%) followed by Ceftriaxone (14%) and Meropenem (12%). The multiple therapy was prescribed in 63 (58%) patients. The most utilized were from WHO Watch Class 163 (69%). The value obtained for the average number of antibiotics per encounter was 2.15 (WHO optimal value: 1.6 – 1.8). The adverse events associated with antibiotics were observed in 16 patients. A culture sensitivity test was performed in 28.7% of patients. The most common pathogen detected was E.coli and K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: The study reflects the requirement of antimicrobial stewardship practice, which should focus on promoting rational antibiotic prescription, which will help in combat with critical resistance issues in the future
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Background: Incidence of infections in patients admitted to the Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is high which results in the use of antimicrobials for a prolonged duration and numbers. The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance has made it obligatory for antibiotics to be prescribed reasonably in pediatric patients. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic prescription pattern for patients admitted in pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in PICU. Two hundred and seventy-five pediatric patients were incorporated in this study. The patients’ data were collected from the case sheets, recorded, and analyzed. Results: The majority (80%) of patients admitted in PICU received antibiotic(s). About 68.18% of patients were prescribed only one antibiotic. Patients in the age group of 1 m–<1 year (58.18%) received more antibiotics. Pneumonia emerged to be the foremost reason for antibiotic use (45%), followed by Meningitis (14.54%). Ceftriaxone (28.27%) was the antibiotic prescribed most often. About 80.34% of antibiotics were prescribed by their generic names and 5.86% of antibiotics were prescribed as fixed-dose combinations. Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance has become a global issue that should be tackled with extreme prudence and vigilance. This study provides insight on antibiotic prescription pattern in PICU and can prevent unnecessary use of antimicrobials.
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Background: Antibiotics are commonly used in dermatology for infectious and inflammatory diseases. A study on the pattern of prescriptions will help in establishing fundamental data to enhance the utilization pattern of medications, elevate the standard of treatment, and enable prescribers to identify issues associated with drug usage, including adverse drug reactions, antibiotic resistance, drug interactions, and polypharmacy. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the prescription pattern of antibiotics given to inpatients with dermatological disorders. Materials and Methods: This was a record-based descriptive study where the case records of 240 inpatients of the dermatology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital during the period from January 2019 to January 2022 were studied. The demographic profile, pattern of skin diseases reported, and pattern in antibiotic drugs usage were recorded with the help of a predesigned pro forma. Results: The mean age of the study population was 52.04 ± 16.91 years with male to female ratio 2.62:1. The most common skin disease diagnosed was Psoriasis (17.91%). Out of the 518 antibiotics prescribed to the patients in the study, the most preferred route of antibiotic administration was oral (48.84%). The most common oral antibiotic was cloxacillin (37.94%) while the most common parenteral antibiotic prescribed was cefotaxime (83%). Fusidic acid (78%) and mupirocin (16%) were commonly prescribed among the topical antibiotics. Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid combination (76%) was commonly prescribed among the fixed drug combinations. Among the topical antibiotics, 8.78% were prescribed as fixed-dose combination with steroids. Antibiotics (29%) constitute the major class of drugs among prescriptions followed by steroids (14%) and antacids (11%). Most of the prescribed antibiotics belonged to the Access group of antibiotics according to AWaRe classification of antibiotics (63.2%). Conclusion: The most common class of antibiotics prescribed was beta-lactam group of antibiotics. The study will help in formulating guidelines for rational prescription of antibiotics with special reference to dermatological cases and create awareness among physicians for effective therapeutic outcome. This will avoid the burden of antimicrobial resistance and pave pathway for the strengthening of economy.
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Objectives : Evaluate Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) utilization in a tertiary care hospital using questionnaire- based patient self-assessment of symptom control, Quality of Life (QoL), and PPI use and safety. Methods : This cross-sectional study included inpatients with a diagnosis of acid-peptic disease, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), or oesophagitis and those who were on oral or parenteral PPI therapy. Inpatients were categorized as those receiving long-term PPI therapy and those started on PPI therapy after admission. Demographic data from the inpatients,diagnosis, and comorbidities, were recorded. Self-administered questionnaires for symptom control, PPI use, adverse effects and QoL were completed by all patients. Details of prescribed drugs, their brands, dosage, and the route of drug administration were also recorded. Results : The study included 228 inpatients with ages ranging between 16-88 years. A total of 215 (94.30%) patients were on 40 mg Pantoprazole and received an intravenous administration once a day (132, 57.89%). Among patients who were prescribed PPI upon admission, moderate levels of abdominal and epigastric pain were reported. The mean QoL score among inpatients was 137.54 (34.78%). Most of the patients with heartburn or burning sensation in the chest were prescribed PPI (11, 47.83%). Conclusion : In the present study, patients were appropriately prescribed PPI for acid reflux or regurgitation and other acid-related symptoms. PPI was not overutilized as most of the patients maintained the prescribed dose of once every day and most of the patients did not report any adverse events. The patients also reported improved QoL with PPI use.
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Background: Improved patient compliance and cost effectiveness are two benefits of fixed-dose combination drugs. Irrational fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) raise the most urgent issue since they put patients at needless risk for negative medication responses. Aims and Objectives: The present study was done with objective of analyzing prescribing pattern of FDCs in department of fixed-dose combination in department of obstetrics and gynecology in a tertiary care hospital of central India. Materials and Methods: This study, which was both prospective and observational, was conducted at the tertiary care hospital of central India. This study comprised the prescriptions of all patients who visited the obstetrics and gynecology Outpatient Department during the study period. Results: In the present study, 1605 prescriptions were analyzed, comprising total 3016 drugs. Out of these 1262 were prescribed as FDCs and 1754 were prescribed as single drugs. On analyzing system-wise prescriptions, it was found that majority drugs were prescribed pertaining to gastrointestinal tract, that is, 1720 prescriptions, of which 722 (38.8%) were prescribed as FDCs. Four hundred and sixty-three drugs were prescribed related to hematological system, of which 97 (14.9%) were FDCs. Four hundred and thirty-three drugs were prescribed related to anti-infective class, comprising 196 (36.6%) FDCs. Among FDCs prescribed in gastrointestinal system, Vitamin D3 + Calcium carbonate was most commonly prescribed, accounting for 644 (51%) prescriptions. Clotrimazole + Clindamycin was most commonly prescribed FDC in anti-infective system comprising 118 (9.3%) patients. Ferrous ascorbate + folic acid was most commonly prescribed hematological FDC, accounting for 49 (3.8%) patients. Dextromethorphan + phenylephrine + Chlorpheniramine was most commonly prescribed FDC in respiratory segment accounting for 39 (2.9%) patients. Conclusion: The present study highlights a considerable number of drugs prescribed as FDCs. FDCs reduce pill burden and also help to improve patient compliance. However, rationality of FDCs should be thought before prescribing it to patients.
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Background: Prescribing medicine is a core skill for dentists, impacting patient safety and requiring knowledge of medications, dosages, and risks. This study evaluates dental students' awareness of these critical aspects in Kerala, India. Methods: This study aimed to assess drug prescription awareness among dental students in Kerala, India, highlighting current knowledge, standard practices, and areas for improvement. Results: Dental pain emerged as the most commonly treated condition (57.7%), with Amoxicillin reigning as the antibiotic of choice (69.2%-76.3%). Textbooks reigned supreme as the primary source of prescription information (66.4%-58.3%), even as most participants (78.1%-72.4%) acknowledged the WHO prescribing guidelines. While interns demonstrably boasted greater confidence in their knowledge, nearly half of all participants grappled with a lack of confidence in drug dosage and frequency. Incorrect dosage stood out as the Achilles' heel of prescription practices (71.9%-77.6%). Strengths included awareness of the correct route of delivery (61.6%-74.4%) and adherence to WHO guidelines. Conclusions: Dental students in Kerala demonstrate fair drug prescription awareness but have gaps in knowledge regarding dosage, frequency, and duration. Textbooks are the primary information source, highlighting the need for more in-depth education and reliance on evidence-based resources. Targeted interventions focused on these areas could enhance prescribing practices and patient safety.
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Background: Nowadays, due to various factors such as stress, the number of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease particularly acute attacks of myocardial infarction (MI) and other CVS conditions is increasing. As the number of patients with CVS disease increases, the evaluation of various CVS drugs used in intensive care unit plays a very important role in improving the rationality of prescription as well as the quality of treatment. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are to study the various cardiovascular drugs prescribed for patients admitted in the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective and observational study conducted from August 2021 to March 2023. The required data were obtained from the patient’s prescription after obtaining consent. The prior permission was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of the college. Results: Nine hundred and thirty-six patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied. Among 936, 217 patients suffered from CVS disorders. 916 CVS drugs including antihypertensive drugs were prescribed for patients. Diabetes (26.40%) is the most common comorbidity found. Around 50.23% of patients were of MI. Noradrenaline (10.89%), atorvastatin (1.089%), furosemide (9.83%), and aspirin (6.30%) were the most commonly prescribed medications among inotropes, hypolipidemic, diuretics, and anti-platelet groups, respectively. Conclusion: After studying the various aspects, it was concluded that the cardiovascular health of the people in general is at stake of risk which may be due to lifestyle, stress, etc. The pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be conducted so that rational prescribing practices can be promoted.
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Background: Medical education in India is experiencing a positive shift from traditional curriculum to competency-based medical education. Among the different initiatives, inclusion of role-play with specific aim of improving prescription communication skills in the current curriculum, could lead to beneficial patient- response outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the undergraduate medical student’s perspectives on implementing role-play for learning about prescription communication. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the department of pharmacology involving second-year medical students of Vydehi institute of medical science and research centre participating for a month-long duration. An internally validated questionnaire was used to assess students’ perspectives on role-play in prescription communication. The outcome was evaluated based on students’ performance in prescription writing and appropriate communication before and after the role-play session. The data obtained was analysed using the SPSS software. Results: The mean score for the overall benefit of role play for prescription communication for all responding participants (n=163) was 4.2 out of 5. In this study, 89.4% of students agreed that role-play in prescription communication should be an essential aspect of their training in the curriculum and is worth taking this additional effort. 84.6% of students found that, the sessions helped to understand and share the pharmacology concepts better. Mean pre and post role play prescription writing assessment scores in students was 7.59 and 9.01 out of 10 respectively. Conclusions: Role-play was well received by the students as a low-cost innovative teaching methodology for better understanding of Pharmacology concepts as mandated by the CBME curriculum. It helps in understanding the importance of teamwork and error-free prescription communication for future clinical practice. Overall, following appropriate demonstration, use of role-play showed significant improvement in student performance in prescription communication.
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Introducción: Durante el acto de la prescripción se deben relacionar los conocimientos de la terapéutica con los principios de la bioética para contribuir al uso racional de medicamentos. En el artículo se analiza el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos relacionados con las prescripciones de medicamentos por los médicos generales integrales del municipio Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de médicos generales integrales en el que se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos estadísticos, así como la triangulación metodológica. Se consideró como variable el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos relacionados con las prescripciones de medicamentos y cinco indicadores que fueron valorados mediante encuesta, entrevista y observación del desempeño. Resultados: Se encontró que los médicos generales integrales alcanzaron un nivel alto de cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos relacionados con las prescripciones de medicamentos con un valor de media ponderada de 2,94. La valoración de la frecuencia de realización de los indicadores evidenció que tres de ellos fueron considerados del nivel alto, dos de nivel medio y ninguno de nivel bajo. Discusión: los resultados fueron confrontados con otros estudios y se confirma que los médicos generales integrales en Cuba por su formación humanista cumplen con la mayoría de los principios bioéticos en su desempeño profesional.
Introduction: During the act of prescription, therapeutic knowledge must be related to the principles of bioethics to contribute to the rational use of medications. The article analyzes compliance with bioethical principles related to medication prescriptions by comprehensive general practitioners of the Santiago de Cuba municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with a sample of comprehensive general practitioners in which theoretical, empirical and mathematical statistical methods were used, as well as methodological triangulation. Compliance with bioethical principles related to medication prescriptions and five indicators that were assessed through a survey, interview and performance observation were considered as variables. Results: It was found that comprehensive general practitioners reached a high level of compliance with bioethical principles related to medication prescriptions with a weighted mean value of 2.94. The assessment of the frequency of carrying out the indicators showed that three of them were considered high level, two medium level and none low level. Discussion: the results were compared with con studies and it is confirmed that comprehensive general practitioners in Cuba, due to their humanistic training, comply with most of the bioethical principles in their professional performance.
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Aims: To study the demography, clinical Profile and complications of unsupervised abortion among women in a tertiary care hospital in Bathinda. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, between April 2023 to September 2023 Methodology: We included 100 patients of reproductive age (15-49 years) presented in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology after unsupervised Medical Termination of Pregnancy. After the necessary intervention, the patients were interviewed using a predesigned proforma. Data were collected after obtaining written informed consent and study was approved by Institutional ethics committee. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 28. Results: A total of 100 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 27.7 years, with most falling within the 20-30 age range. A significant portion had two or more children (52%), and the majority were housewives (61%) from rural areas (62%). Educational levels varied, with 32% completing 12th grade and 6% having a graduate degree or higher. 89% reported within three days. Vaginal bleeding was universal (100%), while pain abdomen was reported in 53% of cases. Reason of MTP included accidental pregnancy (59%) and spacing between children (38%). Complications included Retained products of conception (RPOC) in 37% followed by unaffected pregnancy in 10% of patients. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of unsupervised Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) and its associated complications among women in Bathinda, Punjab. The findings underscore the pressing need for comprehensive reproductive healthcare services and effective implementation of abortion laws to mitigate the adverse outcomes of unsafe abortions.
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Background: Among nosocomial hospital acquired infections Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequently acquired infections, particularly in patients on ventilators. To evaluate the use of antimicrobials among ventilator associated pneumonia patients in intensive careAim: unit of a tertiary care hospital. The study is cross-sectional, observational, prospective & analytical type. 207 patients wereMaterial & method: analyzed for the period of August 2021 to Dec 2022, on a pre-designed format. A total of 207 patients who ful?lled the inclusion criteriaResult: were analyzed. 134(65.05%) were males and 72(34.95%) were females. Commonly prescribed AMA's were ceftriaxone (76.33%), metronidazole (62.32%), piperacillin-tazobactum (37.68%) and vancomycin (35.26%). From the following study, an initial data is being providedConclusion: for a positive enhancement of rational prescribing of antimicrobial drugs in patients with Ventilator Associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital.