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Steaming is one of the commonly used methods in the processing of Chinese materia medica,which can be used to change the medicinal properties,expand the scope of use,enhance the efficacy,reduce side effects and facilitate slicing.By reviewing ancient herbal texts and literature,this article summarized the historical development of TCM steaming:from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period,it has mainly gone through the stages of germination,growth,maturity,and prosperity.It further sorted out the research progress of modern steaming from the aspects of steaming technology,chemical composition and drug effect changes before and after steaming,and analyzed and discussed the establishment of quality standards of steamed products and the development of traditional and modern processing techniques,with a view to clarifying the mechanism of steaming,and providing basis for standardizing steaming technology,improving the quality standards of steamed decoction pieces and rational clinical application.
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ObjectiveTo explore the quality differences between steamed products and raw products of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP). MethodThe color of steamed products and raw products of CRP was determined from the perspective of appearance by electronic eye technique, and the quality differences between them was objectively characterized by the luminous value(L*), yellow-blue value(b*), red-green value(a*) and total chromatic value(E*ab). Based on this, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) was used to establish a fingerprint evaluation method with the mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(B) for gradient elution(0-5 min, 5%A; 5-30 min, 5%-20%A; 30-60 min, 20%-52%A), detection wavelength at 270 nm, flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and column temperature of 30 ℃. The quality differences between steamed products and raw products of CRP were compared from the perspective of chemical composition, and correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the difference in appearance color and the difference in internal chemical composition. ResultAfter being steamed, L*, b* and E*ab of CRP showed an overall decreasing trend, indicating that the color of the steamed products darkened and deepened from yellow to blue but still tended to be yellow, while a* showed an overall increasing trend, indicating that the color of the steamed products tended to red. A total of 24 peaks were identified in the fingerprint profiles of raw products and steamed products of CRP, and 13 of the main peaks were identified. The precision, stability and repeatability studies showed that compared with the reference peak (peak 14, hesperidin), the relative standard deviations(RSDs) of the relative peak area and relative retention time of the remaining peaks were<3.0%.The results of chemometric statistical analysis showed that there were some differences between raw products and steamed products of CRP, and 7 main differential components were identified, among which 5-hydroxymaltol(peak 1) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(peak 2) were the characteristic components of steamed products. The correlation analysis results showed that, in addition to the above two characteristic components, four components of peak 4, peak 10 (vicenin-2), peak 23 (tangeretin) and peak 24 (5-demethylnobiletin) also correlated significantly with the color change (E*ab) of the samples (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionBefore and after steaming, not only the chemical composition changes, but also the color. Comparing the characteristic peaks of chemical composition difference and color difference before and after steaming of CRP, it is found that 5-hydroxymaltol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and peak 4 are common characteristic difference components, which can provide a reference for establishing the characteristic quality control method of steamed products, and quickly evaluating the quality difference between raw products and steamed products of CRP.
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OBJECTIVE To comprehensively screen the optimal steaming time of salt-steaming Morinda officinalis (SSMO) based on Q-markers and anti-oxidative activities, and to establish characteristic quality standard of the decoction pieces. METHODS The contents of six Q-markers (1-kestose, nystose, 1F-fructofuranosylnystose, inulotriose, inulotetraose and inulopentaose) in SSMO at different steaming time were determined by HPLC-ELSD method simultaneously. The activity of sample extracts to scavenge 4 kinds of oxidative free radical and their iron reduction abilities were determined by visible UV spectrophotometer. The optimal steaming time of SSMO was screened by gray relevance degree and entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)-fusion model method. The contents of six Q-markers in 10 batches of SSMO prepared at the optimal steaming time were determined. HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of SSMO decoction pieces were established. RESULTS The results showed that the contents of six Q-markers were the highest when SSMO was steamed for 3-5 h; and the ability of scavenging DPPH·, ABTS·, PTIO·, ·OH and iron reduction ability was the best at 5 h. There were 20 common peaks in the fingerprints for 10 batches of samples, and the similarities were higher than 0.990. A total of 9 chromatographic peaks were identified, which were D-fructose (peak 1), D(+)-glucose (peak 2), sucrose (peak 3), 1-kestose (peak 4), nystose (peak 5), 1F-fructofuranosylnystose (peak 6), inulotriose (peak X2), inulotetraose (peak X3) and inulopentaose (peak X4). Average contents of six Q-markers were 4.17%, 5.54%, 6.60%, 2.89%, 2.62% and 2.13%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The optimal steaming time of SSMO is 5 h; the contents of six Q-markers are primarily determined on the basis of dry product, which are no less than 3.03%, 4.11%, 4.87%, 2.15%, 1.96% and 1.58%, respectively. The ratio of Inulin-/Inulo oligosaccharides content is no more than 2.5.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the dynamic changes of the main chemical components and color characteristics of Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PMR) during the process of ancient classical nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying, and to explore the correlation between the changes. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to determine the contents of gallic acid, stilbene glycoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin and physcion in PMR during the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying, and electronic eye technology was used to objectively characterize the color of PMR during the process. Partial least squares(PLS) was used to analyze the correlation between the content of main components and the color characteristics. ResultDuring the nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying process of PMR, the content of gallic acid gradually increased with the increase of steaming and sun-drying times, and the contents of other components showed fluctuating changes, with an overall decreasing trend in the contents of stilbene glycoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, and an overall increasing trend in the contents of emodin and physcion. The results of electronic eye analysis showed that the color of PMR became dark, red and blue in the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) of the contents of six main components and the colors showed that the samples steamed and sun-dried for one to four times could be grouped into one category, the other five categories of samples could be grouped into another category. Gallic acid and stilbene glycoside were significantly correlated with the color indexes of PMR during the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying. ConclusionThe general changes of material basis and color characteristics of PMR during the process of ancient classical nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying have certain rules, and the establishment of the correlation model between color and index components can realize the judgment and quality evaluation of processing degree of PMR decoction pieces.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Bazheng Powder combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation in the treatment of refractory urinary tract infection patients with Yin deficiency damp-heat syndrome.Methods:Randomized controlled trial design. Ninety-seven patients with Yin deficiency and damp-heat syndrome of refractory urinary tract infection in our hospital from April 2021 to May 2022 were selected as observation objects, and were divided into observation group (49 cases) and control group (48 cases) by random number table method. The control group was treated with antibiotics, and the observation group was treated with Bazheng powder plus or minus plus TCM fumigation on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 14 days. TCM syndrome score was performed before and after treatment. Test tube method was used to measure WBC, urine routine nitrite was used to measure urinary bacteria count, and the time to return to normal urine routine, symptom remission time and symptom disappearance time were recorded. Adverse reactions were recorded and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 95.92% (47/49) in the observation group and 81.25% (39/48) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=5.19, P=0.022). After treatment, TCM syndrome score of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=13.18, P<0.01), WBC and urinary bacteria count were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 19.77 and 22.99, P<0.01). The time of urine routine recovery, symptom remission and symptom disappearance in the observation group were significantly faster than those in the control group ( t values were 23.61, 9.80, 7.34, P<0.01). During the treatment period, the incidence of adverse reactions was 8.33% (4/48) in the control group, and no adverse reactions occurred in the observation group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.26, P=0.039). Conclusion:The addition and reduction of Bazheng Powder combined with TCM fumigation can improve the clinical symptoms and clinical efficacy of patients with Yin deficiency damp-heat syndrome of refractory urinary tract infection, and no adverse reactions occurred.
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Objective:To explore the effects of self-made Huoxue Xiaozhong Xunxi Decoction combined with functional exercise on postoperative swelling of affected limbs, bone metabolism and recovery of knee function in patients with traumatic fracture of tibial plateau (FTP).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. totally 80 patients after FTP surgery in the Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled and divided into two groups by random number table method from January 2018 to January 2022, with 40 cases in each group. After surgery, control group was treated with functional exercise, while observation group was additionally treated with self-made Huoxue Xiaozhong Xunxi Decoction. All were treated continuously for 8 weeks. The perioperative indexes (operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, leaving bed time) in the two groups were recorded. The postoperative swelling and pain of affected limbs were observed, and detumescence time, pain relief time, fracture healing time and complete weight-bearing time were recorded. The knee function was evaluated by Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). The level of serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was detected by ELISA, and total n-terminal propeptide of typeⅠprecollagen (t-PINP) and β-crossLaps (β-CTX) were detected by full-automatic immunoluminescence analyzer. The occurrence of postoperative complications in the two groups was recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume or leaving bed time between the two groups ( P>0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.5% (39/40), while the control group was 80.0% (32/40), with statistical significance ( χ2=6.14, P=0.013). The detumescence time, pain relief time, fracture healing time and complete weight-bearing time were earlier in the observation group than control group ( P<0.01). After 10 d of treatment, VAS score and swelling degree in observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=7.05, 3.81, P<0.01). After 8 weeks of treatment, levels of serum BMP-2 [(625.16±67.43) μg/L vs. (542.35±53.27) μg/L, t=6.10], t-PINP [(54.16±7.29) μg/L vs. (50.34±6.12) μg/L, t=2.54] and β-CTX [(1.26±0.38) μg/L vs. (1.04±0.23) μg/L, t=3.13] in observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). During treatment, the incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.5% (1/40) and the control group was 7.5% (3/40), without statistical significance ( χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Conclusion:Self-made Huoxue Xiaozhong Xunxi Decoction combined with functional exercise is beneficial to improve pain and swelling of affected limbs and bone metabolism, and promote the recovery of knee function in patients after FTP surgery.
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Objective:To explore the effect of Qixian Tongluo Prescription fumigation on nerve function and rehabilitation effect in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction of qi-deficiency blood stasis syndrome.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. Sixty-eight patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction of qi-deficiency blood stasis syndrome in the hospital were enrolled between October 2020 and December 2021. According to random odd-even numbering method, participants were divided into the control group (routine western medicine) and the observation group (Qixian Tongluo Prescription fumigation on basis of control group), 34 in each group. All were continuously treated for 8 weeks. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The severity of neurological impairment was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The severity of limb movement disorder was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The levels of central nervous specific protein (S-100β), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), C-reactive protein (CRP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by ELISA. The clinical response rate was assessed.Results:There were significant differences in total response rate between the observation group and the control group [94.12% (32/34) vs. 76.47% (26/34); χ2=4.22, P=0.040]. After treatment, scores of hemiplegia, shortness of breath, palpitation and limbs swelling in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=3.44, 2.37, 2.72, 3.89, P<0.05 or P<0.01), NIHSS score was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=6.56, P<0.01), and FMA scores of upper and lower limbs were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=2.17, 2.78, P<0.05). After treatment, levels of serum S-100β [(0.69±0.27) μg/L vs. (0.85±0.36) μg/L, t=2.07], NSE [(8.36±3.69) μg/L vs. (11.34±4.93) μg/L, t=2.82] and ET [(53.16±12.12) ng/L vs. (61.25±11.31) ng/L, t=2.85] in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while NO [(82.26±14.53) μmol/L vs. (70.16±12.27) μmol/L, t=3.71] was significantly higher than that of the observation group ( P<0.01). The level of serum CRP in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=2.74, P<0.01), and SOD activity was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.49, P<0.05). Conclusion:Qixian Tongluo Prescription fumigation can promote the recovery of nerve function and vascular endothelial function in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction, improve limb disorders and clinical effect.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with Tongbi Powder fumigation in the treatment of early knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. Totally 160 patients with KOA in Tai'an Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled between March 2021 and March 2022. According to random number table method, they were divided into two groups, with 80 cases in each group. The control group was given routine treatment, while observation group was given intra-articular injection of autologous PRP combined with Tongbi Powder fumigation. All were treated for 3 weeks. The knee function was evaluated by Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index. The activities of daily living were evaluated by Lysholm knee scale (LKS). The pain degree was evaluated by VAS. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. The adverse reactions during treatment were observed and recorded. The clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.0% (76/80), and that of the control group was 77.5% (62/80), with statistical significance ( χ2=10.33, P<0.01). At 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment, the WOMAC score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group ( F=15.63, P<0.01), the LKS score was higher than that of the control group ( F=55.23, P<0.01), and the VAS score was lower than that of the control group ( F=11.93, P<0.01). After treatment, the observation group IL-1β [(51.75±2.74)μg/L vs. (63.38±3.31) μg/L, t=24.21], TNF- α [(10.58±1.25) μg/L vs. (11.62±1.84) μg/L, t=4.18] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions was 10.0% (8/80) in the observation group and 7.5% (6/80) in the control group, without statistical significance ( χ2=0.31, P=0.576). Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of autologous PRP combined with Tongbi San fumigation can effectively improve knee function and activities of living ability, relieve pain symptoms, reduce inflammatory response and improve clinical curative effect in early KOA.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of lumbar spine warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation combined with conventional western medicine therapy on patients with acute inflammatory period of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 140 patients with acute inflammation of LDH in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were selected as observational objects, and the patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups with 70 patients in each group by random number table method. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine therapy, and the observational group was treated with warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji combined with TCM fumigation on the basis of control group treatment. Both groups received continuous treatment for 1 month. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment, the degree of lumbar pain was assessed by VAS, the degree of lumbar dysfunction was assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association Evaluation Treatment (JOA score), and serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA.Results:The total effective rate was 95.71% (67/70) in the observation group and 82.86% (58/70) in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=6.05, P=0.014). After treatment, TCM syndrome score [(4.45±1.09) vs. (10.67±2.82), t=16.85], VAS score [(1.54±0.43) vs. (3.28±1.04), t=12.94] lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), subjective feeling [(7.54±2.87) vs. (6.24±1.76), t=5.72], physical signs [(6.76±2.00) vs. (4.34±1.67), t=7.77], limited daily activities [(9.56±3.27) vs. (7.89±2.97), t=3.16], bladder function score [(2.88±0.84) vs. (2.63±0.64), t=2.89] and the total score [(25.04±7.44) vs. (20.35±6.87), t=4.63] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, serum IL-6 [(18.12±4.23) μg/L vs. (26.46±4.58) μg/L, t=11.19], CRP [(18.87±6.07) mg/L vs. (25.89±5.72) mg/L, t=7.04] and TNF-α levels [(24.42±5.37) ng/L vs. (29.45±5.44) ng/L, t=5.51] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji and TCM fumigation combined with conventional western medicine therapy can improve the lumbar pain of LDH patients in acute inflammatory stage, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, improve clinical efficacy.
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Background: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin widely distributed in nature, mostly rich in fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables. The amount of Vitamin C in a given food depends on soil condition, climate in their area of growth, storage condition after harvest, and methods of preparation. Much amount of Vitamin C in vegetables is lost during cooking and there are still limited information on the impact of different cooking methods on the vitamin C content in leafy vegetable like cowpea vegetable (Vigna unguiculata). It is upon this background that this study aimed to determine the concentration of Vitamin C in cowpea vegetable when cooked using different cooking methods. Methodology: Vitamin C concentration in a solution of cowpea vegetable cooked by different cooking methods (boiling, steaming and microwave methods) was determined by a redox titration using iodine in the presence of starch indicator. This was conducted at Busitema University, Faculty of Science and Education, Biology Laboratory in Uganda. Results: The study revealed that cooking cowpea vegetable using microwave yields the highest concentration of vitamin C (154.8 mg/L), followed by steaming (142.9 mg/L) and boiling yielding the least concentration of vitamin C (130.4 mg/L). Conclusion: The concentration of vitamin C obtained by the three methods of cooking cowpea vegetable has shown that microwaving method of cooking yields the highest concentration of vitamin C followed by steaming method and finally boiling. Further studies should be done to explain the variation of vitamin C concentration in cowpea vegetable when cooked using the above cooking methods. Similar studies should be conducted on other leafy vegetables which are potential sources of Vitamin C.
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Objective:To explore the effect of music relaxation training combined with Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction oral administration and foot bath on fatigue status and quality of life in patients with cancer related fatigue.Methods:A total of 90 patients with cancer related fatigue in our hospital from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random number table method, with 45 in each group. Both groups were given health and diet education. The control group was given music relaxation training, and the observation group took Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction oral administration and foot bathing on the basis of the control group. Both groups have a course of treatment of 4 weeks, a total of 3 courses. The TCM syndrome scores were observed before and after treatment, and the Piper Fatigue Score (PFS) was used to evaluate fatigue status, and the Karnofsky functional state score was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients, evaluation of clinical efficacy.Results:After treatment, 43 patients in the observation group and 42 patients in the control group were analyzed. The total effective rate of the observation group was 83.72% (36/43), which was significantly higher than 64.29% (27/42) of the control group ( χ2=4.18, P=0.041). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=2.48, P=0.015). After treatment, the Karnofsky functional state score in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.83, P=0.006). After treatment, the emotion score (4.35±1.02 vs. 5.03±1.01, t=3.09), feeling score (4.31±1.06 vs. 5.00±1.02, t=3.06) and total score (4.23±1.07 vs. 4.87±1.10, t=2.72) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Music relaxation training combined with Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction oral administration and foot bathing can alleviate the fatigue state of CRF patients and improve the quality of life.
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ObjectiveTo study on the correlation between the apparent color, near-infrared spectroscopy and dynamic changes of index constituent content of samples during the processing of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and to provide reference for the processing process optimization and quality control of this decoction piece. MethodSamples were dried and crushed by setting three steaming temperature gradients of 100-105, 114-118, 130-136 ℃, and sampled at steaming times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h, respectively. The effects of different steaming temperatures and times on the color and absorption of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma at different infrared wavelengths were observed, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on the obtained data by R 4.1.0 and SPSS 21.0 software to observe the changes in color and infrared absorption characteristics of samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the content changes of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 before and after steaming of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-water (B) for gradient elution (0-30 min, 19%A; 30-60 min, 19%-44%A; 60-78 min, 44%-74%A; 78-80 min, 74%-100%A; 80-86 min, 100%A; 86-87 min, 100%-19%A; 87-95 min, 19%A) with the detection wavelength of 203 nm. ResultDuring the steaming process of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, with the increase of steaming temperature and time, the b* (yellow-blue value), L* (brightness), △E* (comprehensive color difference value) of sample powder showed a decreasing trend, while the a* (red-green value) showed an increasing trend, and the color gradually deepened from gray to brown and dark black. There was no significant difference in the infrared absorption between raw and steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma sample powder in the low and medium wavelength bands, but significant difference in the infrared absorption of high band, especially in the band of 9 600-10 000 cm-1. HPLC showed that the contents of the original components (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Re and Rb1) decreased and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 were newly produced after steaming of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. The content proportion of these six index components reached the best when the steaming temperature at 130-136 ℃ and the steaming time of 1 h. ConclusionThe color and infrared absorption of samples are affected by the dynamic changes of chemical composition during the steaming process, and the composition change is the result of the joint influence of steaming temperature and time. In this paper, through multi-dimensional analysis of the apparent color indexes, the change pattern of near-infrared absorption characteristics and the index components of the samples, the different process parameters of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were evaluated holistically, and the quality transfer pattern of its processing process was initially revealed, which can provide scientific basis for processing optimization and quality evaluation of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.
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ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide in regulating the intestinal flora of young dysbiosis-induced diarrhea rats based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MethodThe young SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,positive drug group (bifid triple viable capsules),and high-dose and low-dose steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide groups,six in each group. The dysbiosis-induced diarrhea rat model was established,and the blank group and the model group were given normal saline by gavage (each 10 mL·kg-1),and the high-dose and low-dose steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide groups were administered with corresponding drugs (500 mg·kg-1 and 250 mg·kg-1, respectively) ,once a day for seven consecutive days. The loose stool rate,loose stool grade,diarrhea index,small intestine propulsion rate and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used as indexes to investigate the effect of steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide on improving diarrhea symptoms in young rats. The feces of rats were collected for 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. ResultCompared with the model group, the positive drug group and the high-dose and low-dose steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide groups had alleviated symptoms, down-regulated loose stool rate and diarrhea index (P<0.01) and decreased small intestine advancement rate (P<0.05). HE staining showed that after the treatment with steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide,the inflammatory cell infiltration of the colon tissue was improved and the intestinal gland recovered to the normal condition,which indicated that steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide could significantly ameliorate the diarrhea in young rats. The sequencing results revealed that steamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide had a moderating effect on the abundance of the intestinal flora of young dysbiosis-induced diarrhea rats,elevating the flora richness and diversity indexes. Specifically, the abundance of Bacteroidota was increased while that of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was decreased. ConclusionSteamed Allii Sativi Bulbus polysaccharide can be used to treat dysbiosis-induced diarrhea in young rats by regulating the abundance of intestinal microbiota.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the method for monitoring the dynamic changes of odor components in Cornus officinalis during processing . METHODS The decoction pieces of C. officinalis with different processing time were prepared by the wine steaming method . The dynamic changes of odor components were obtained by using ultra -fast gas electronic nose ;odor components were identified by comparing with AroChemBase database ;the dynamic changes of odor compounds were analyzed in combination with peak area ,and the chemical pattern recognition analysis were carried out . RESULTS A total of 12 common peaks of odor components were identified in the fingerprints of raw C. officinalis,and 21 in the fingerprints of decoction pieces of C. officinalis. Eight odor components with the high proportion of peak area during processing were ethanol , isopropyl alcohol , 2- methylpropylaldehyde,ethyl acetate ,2-methylbutanal,isoamyl alcohol ,2-hexanol and furfural ,among which ,the peak areas of ethanol,isoamyl alcohol and 2-hexanol showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing ;at 24 h of processing ,their peak areas were still higher than those of raw products . The peak areas of ethyl acetate ,2-methylbutanal and furfural nearly increased with the increase of processing time . Variable importance in projection of above eight odor components were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS The method is established for monitoring the dynamic changes of odor components of C. officinalis during processing. Eight odor components such as ethanol can be used as monitoring indicators of C. officinalis dring processing .
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Objective:To explore the effects of modified Duhuo Jisheng Decoction combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation on joint function and inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A total of 203 patients with knee osteoarthritis who met the inclusion criteria between March 2020 and March 2021 in the hospital were divided into observation group (102 cases) and control group (101 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group was given oral administration of celecoxib capsules + TCM fumigation, and the observation group was given modified Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. TCM symptoms were scored before and after treatment, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA) was used to evaluate the knee function. Immunoturbidimetry was adopted to detect serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and ELISA was used for the detection of levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in synovial fluid, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 90.2% (92/102) in observation group and was 79.2% (80/101) in control group ( χ2=4.74, P=0.030). The JOA scores at 1 month and 3 months after treatment in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=3.17, 7.74, all Ps<0.01). The scores of cold and painful knee joint, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, joint swelling and inhibited bending and stretching were significantly in the observation group after treatment lower than those in the control group ( t=7.61, 10.81, 6.62, 8.77, all Ps<0.001). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in synovial fluid and level of serum hs-CRP were significantly in the observation group after treatment lower than those in the control group ( t=7.97, 9.52, 9.56, all Ps<0.001). During treatment, the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 32.7% (33/101) in control group and that of observation group was 19.6% (20/102) ( χ2=4.49, P=0.034). Conclusion:Modified Duhuo Jisheng Decoction combined with TCM fumigation can improve the clinical symptoms and knee function, relieve the inflammatory response and enhance the clinical efficacy of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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Bianzheng was a special gasification law, closely related to metabolism Physiologically. The children's Bianzheng was the internal basis for sound physical and mental development and the dynamic balance of the five internal organs. As to the pathology, children's Bianzheng disorders had an adverse effect on the body. The ancient books found that children's Bianzheng disorders were closely related to the dysfunction of liver and spleen. It was manifested as malnutrition, developmental disorders, and even metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The principle of soothing the liver, relieving depression and strengthening the spleen were proposed to treat the metabolic syndrome, in order to enrich the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theoretical understanding of the metabolic syndrome. The prevention and treatment ideas provide theoretical reference.
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Objective:To explore the clinical curative effect of foot-ankle balance massage combined with herbal fumigation on acute ankle sprain.Methods:According to random number table method, 62 patients with acute ankle sprain meeting the inclusion criteria in the hospital were divided into control group and observation group between January 2018 and January 2021, 31 in each group. The control group was treated with foot-ankle balance massage, while the observation group added herbal fumigation treatment on the basis of the control group treatment. Both were treated for 7 days. The pain degree was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The pain sites of ankle joint were evaluated by Kofoed ankle scale. The recovery of ankle and foot function was evaluated by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). The levels of plasma substance P, neuropeptide, nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-1β, IL-6 and hs-CRP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical curative effect was assessed.Results:The differences in total response rate between observation group and control group were statistically significant [96.8% (30/31) vs. 77.4% (24/31)] ( χ 2=5.17, P=0.023). At 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day after treatment, VAS scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=4.86, 5.19, 3.86, P<0.01), Kofoed scores were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=2.03, 2.58, 2.46, P<0.05), and AOFAS pain scores were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=2.61, 2.47, 4.90, P<0.05). After treatment, levels of substance P [(2.94±0.91) mg/L vs. (3.69±0.94) mg/L, t=3.19], neuropeptide [(141.06±16.31) ng/L vs. (165.22±17.63) ng/L, t=3.16] and NGF [(43.65±10.15) ng/L vs. (52.26±10.20) ng/L, t=3.33] in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=2.60, 2.64, 2.42, P<0.05). Conclusion:The foot-ankle balance massage combined with herbal fumigation can quickly relieve pain, increase levels of pain substances, reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines and improve curative effect in patients with acute ankle sprains.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the flavor substances and change rules of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma during the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying. MethodThe flavor response values of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma samples were obtained by using PEN3 electronic nose system. The data were processed and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Loadings analysis. ResultRhei Radix et Rhizoma processed with nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying could be effectively distinguished into two categories as the sixth sample was the turning point. The samples steamed and dried for one to five times could be grouped into one category, the other four samples were obviously distinguished from them. The main flavor components reached the maximum response in the sample processed with six-time repeating steaming and sun-drying, and its response value of inorganic sulfur compounds was about 2.7 times that of the sample processed with one-time repeating steaming and sun-drying. In addition, compared with the raw products, the flavors of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma processed with nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying and wine stewing changed significantly, and the response value of inorganic sulfur compounds in sample processed with nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying was about 2.2 times that of raw products. From the perspective of flavor analysis, the response values of inorganic sulfur compounds and nitrogen-oxygen compounds in sample processed with nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying were higher than those of wine-stewed products, and the two were not completely equivalent. ConclusionElectronic nose technology preliminarily clarifies the dynamic change rules of the flavor of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma during the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying from the flavor characteristics, and clarifies the difference between products processed with nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying and wine-stewed products from the odor characteristics, which lays a foundation for revealing the processing principle of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma processed with nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the methods for the con tent determination of polysaccharide and reducing sugar in Polygonatum cyrtonema, and to optimize the wine-steaming technology of P. cyrtonema . METHODS : The contents of polysaccharide in P. cyrtonema were determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid method and phenol-sulfuric acid method. The contents of reducing sugar in P. cyrtonema were determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid method , phenol-sulfuric acid method and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS)method,respectively. Taking appearance and property scores of processed products ,the contents of polysaccharide,reducing sugar and total sugar as indicators ,the amount of alcohol added ,steaming time and moistening time as factors,the wine-steaming technology of P. cyrtonema was optimized by Latin square design. The contents of polysaccharide , reducing sugar and total sugar were compared before and after steaming. RESULTS :The linear ranges of polysaccharide and reducing sugar obtained by anthrone-sulfuric acid method were both 0.006 6-0.033 mg/mL(R2=0.999 9). RSDs of precision , stability(90 min)and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3% and 2%,respectively. Average recoveries were 99.75%(RSD= 0.48%,n=6)and 103.40%(RSD=1.25%,n=6),respectively. The linear ranges of polysaccharide and reducing sugar obtained by phenol-sulfuric acid method were both 0.002 5-0.025 mg/mL(R2=0.999 2). RSDs of precision ,stability (90 min) and reproducibility tests were all lower than 5% and 6%,respectively. Average recoveries were 112.80%(RSD=2.36%,n=6)and 99.20%(RSD=3.47%,n=6). The linear range of reducing sugar obtained by DNS method was 0.01-0.18 mg/mL(R2=0.999 9). RSDs of precision ,stability(90 min)and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2%. Average recoveries was 96.95%(RSD= 1.19%,n=6). The optimal wine-steaming technology of P. cyrtonema included the amount of alcohol added of 20%,moistening time of 2 h and steaming time of 7 h. RSDs of average contents of polysaccharide ,reducing sugar and total sugar in wine-steamed products were all lower than 3% in 3 times of validation tests (n=3). The average contents of polysaccharide ,reducing sugar and total sugar in 4 batches of P. cyrtonema were 16.3%,11.2% and 27.4%;those of 4 batches of wine-steamed products were 3.4%, 61.0% and 64.4%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS :The anthrone- ) sulfuric acid method is the best for the determination of poly- saccharide in P. cyrtonema ;DNS method is the best for the pandongmei1228@126.com determination of reducing sugar in P. cyrtonema. The content ofpolysaccharide in wine-steamed products is decreased signifi- cantly,while the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar are increased significantly.
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Objective: To compare the efficacy of different treatment protocols in treating transient synovitis of the hip (TSH) in children and to optimize the clinical treatment strategy for this condition. Methods: Ninety kids with TSH were divided into a control group, a chiropractic group and a chiropractic plus foot bath group using the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional traction; the chiropractic group was given chiropractic treatment based on the control group; the chiropractic plus foot bath group was given Chinese medicine foot bath based on the chiropractic group. Traction and foot bath were conducted once daily while chiropractic was done once every other day, all with 14 d as a treatment course for a total of two courses. Changes in the visual analog scale (VAS) score and range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint in the three groups were observed, and the efficacy was compared. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the chiropractic plus foot bath group, versus 76.7% in the chiropractic group and 66.7% in the control group, and the total effective rate was notably higher in the chiropractic plus foot bath group than in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Respectively after the first and second treatment course, the VAS score decreased significantly in each of the three groups compared with that before treatment (all P<0.01), and the ROM of the hip joint in flexion increased significantly (all P<0.01). After two treatment courses, the VAS score was lower in the chiropractic plus foot bath group than in the other two groups (both P<0.05), and its ROM of the hip joint in flexion was larger than that in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on traction, chiropractic plus Chinese medicine foot bath can effectively reduce pain and improve motor function of the hip joint in treating TSH.