ABSTRACT
Introdução: No contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, o conceito da prevenção quaternária adentra timidamente os níveis de atenção à saúde, no entanto, sofre expansão significativa no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da sistematização de evidências científicas, as contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos presentes nas bases de dados científicas da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, biblioteca virtual da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior e MEDLINE via PubMed com a utilização dos descritores "prevenção quaternária" e "atenção primária à saúde", em inglês e português. Resultados: O corpus de análise foi composto por 22 artigos, sendo que a produção científica sobre o tema se deu de forma mais intensa a partir do ano de 2015 e, em sua maioria, possuíam como abordagem metodológica ensaios teóricos. Dentre as contribuições técnicas destacaram-se a introdução do ensino da prevenção quaternária de modo continuado aos graduandos e profissionais; a construção de protocolos e documentos de amparo profissional; a utilização de modelos explicativos dinâmicos na socialização do quadro clínico; a conduta profissional com os usuários e as contribuições socioculturais envolvendo mudanças na percepção profissional e comunitária sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença, assim como o incentivo a práticas de desmedicalização sociocultural em relação à dor, incapacidade, desconforto, envelhecimento, nascimento e morte. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento das potencialidades da prevenção quaternária, faz-se necessário fortalecer estratégias que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para fomentar e gerenciar alianças estratégicas com tomadores de decisão, profissionais de saúde e cidadãos, para fomentar a redução de diagnósticos e tratamentos excessivos, contribuindo com a qualidade do cuidado.
Introduction: In the context of the Unified Health System, the concept of quaternary prevention shyly enters the levels of health care, however, undergoes significant expansion in the scope of primary health care. Objective: To identify, through the systematization of scientific evidence, the technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review of studies present in the scientific databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information of the Pan American Health Organization, virtual library of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, and MEDLINE through PubMed using the descriptors "quaternary prevention" and "primary health care", in English and Portuguese. Results: The corpus of analysis consisted of 22 articles, and the scientific production on the topic took place more intensively from the year 2015 and, for the most part, had theoretical essays as methodological approach. Among the technical contributions, we highlight the introduction of teaching on quaternary prevention in a continuous way to undergraduates and professionals; the construction of protocols and documents of professional support; the use of dynamic explanatory models in the socialization of the clinical picture and professional conduct with users and socio-cultural contributions involve changes in the professional and community perception about the phenomenon of illness and health conception, as well as the incentive to practices of socio-cultural demedicalization in relation to pain, disability, discomfort, aging, birth, and death. Conclusion: Despite the recognition of the potential of quaternary prevention, it is necessary to strengthen strategies that enable the development of public policies to foster and manage strategic alliances with decision makers, health professionals and citizens, to promote the reduction of excessive diagnoses and treatments, contributing to the quality of care.
Introducción: En el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, el concepto de prevención cuaternaria entra tímidamente en los niveles de atención de salud, sin embargo, experimenta una expansión significativa en el alcance de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la sistematización de evidencia científica, las contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de la prevención cuaternaria en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de estudios presentes en las bases de datos científicas de la Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en línea, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, biblioteca virtual de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior y MEDLINE a través de PubMed utilizando los descriptores de prevención cuaternaria y atención primaria de salud, en inglés y portugués. Resultados: El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por 22 artículos, siendo la producción científica sobre el tema más intensiva desde 2015 y, en su mayor parte, tuvo ensayos teóricos como abordaje metodológico. Entre los aportes técnicos, destacamos la implantación de la docencia en prevención cuaternaria de forma continua a estudiantes de pregrado y profesionales; construcción de protocolos y documentos de apoyo profesional, uso de modelos explicativos dinámicos en la socialización del cuadro clínico y conducta profesional con los usuarios y los aportes socioculturales implican cambios en la percepción profesional y comunitaria sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y la concepción de la salud, así como el incentivo a prácticas de desmedicalización sociocultural en relación al dolor, discapacidad, malestar, envejecimiento, nacimiento y muerte. Conclusión: A pesar del reconocimiento del potencial de la prevención cuaternaria, es necesario fortalecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de políticas públicas para fomentar y gestionar alianzas estratégicas con los tomadores de decisiones, profesionales de la salud y ciudadanos, para promover la reducción de diagnósticos y tratamientos excesivos, contribuyendo a la calidad de la atención.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Unified Health System , Family Practice , Medical Overuse , Quaternary PreventionABSTRACT
Introducción: La menstruación frecuentemente se acompaña de dolor pélvico, nauseas, diarrea o cefaleas que puede afectar la calidad de vida durante la misma. Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un cuestionario específico para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la menstruación. Métodos: Se ha confeccionado el cuestionario -CVM-43 para valorar el impacto de la menstruación sobre la calidad de vida de las mujeres durante su periodo. La validez de contenido se llevó a cabo por consenso de seis jueces expertos y aportaciones de 30 mujeres. Tras depurar el cuestionario y pasar la prueba piloto, el CVM-22 se administró a 215 mujeres de 18 a 35 años. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se obtuvo aplicando el 945;Cronbach, la validez de constructo por el análisis factorial y la factibilidad por el porcentaje de ítems respondidos y tiempo de cumplimentación. Resultados: En el análisis factorial exploratorio (KMO= 0,910, X2= 2384,54, df= 231 y plt; 0,000), se identificaron tres factores que fueron posteriormente confirmados por el análisis factorial confirmatorio con una varianza del 53,94 por ciento. La fiabilidad test-retest resultó de 0,9 y la confiablidad total fue de 0,917. El tiempo medio necesario de cumplimentación fue de 2,06 ± 0,37. Conclusión: El CVM-22 presenta una buena factibilidad, confiabilidad y validez para evaluar la calidad de vida de las mujeres menstruantes de habla hispana; no obstante, es preciso realizar nuevos análisis del cuestionario con una población con mayor rango de edad y perfiles sociodemográficos distintos, y evaluar la sensibilidad de la escala, para consolidar la validación del CVM-22(AU)
Introduction: Menstruation is often accompanied by pelvic pain, nausea, diarrhea or headaches that can affect the quality of life during that period. Objective: To design and validate a specific questionnaire to measure the quality of life related to menstruation. Methods: A questionnaire -CVM-43 has prepared to assess the impact of menstruation on the quality of life for women during that period. Content validity was carried out by consensus of six expert judges and contributions from 30 women. After debugging the questionnaire and passing the pilot test, the CVM-22 was ran to 215 women aged 18 to 35 years. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by applying #945;Cronbach, construct validity by factor analysis and feasibility by the percentage of items answered and time of completion. Results: Three factors were identified in the exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.910, X2 = 2384.54, df = 231 and p lt;0.000), which were later confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis with 53.94 percent variance. The test-retest reliability was 0.9 and the total reliability was 0.917. The average time of completion was 2.06 ± 0.37. Conclusion: CVM-22 presents good feasibility, reliability and validity to assess the quality of life of Spanish-speaking menstruating women. Nevertheless, it is necessary to perform new analyzes of the questionnaire with older population and different sociodemographic profiles, and to evaluate the scale sensitivity in order to consolidate CVM-22 validation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Quality of Life , Menstruation/physiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Se diseñó un software educativo, de tipo hiperentorno, para desarrollar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las asignaturas Informática e Investigación de las carreras de tecnología de la salud, desde junio de 2011 hasta igual periodo de 2013. Se aplicaron métodos científicos para corroborar el estado real de los conocimientos y las habilidades sobre los aspectos abordados en este software, el cual se estructuró en diferentes módulos: Temario, Ejercicios, Glosario, Mediateca, Complementos, Juegos y Ayuda, con interrelaciones entre sí, que permitieron el desarrollo del aprendizaje. En su elaboración se utilizaron varios programas de diseño, pero el CrheaSoft 2.2 constituyó la herramienta principal para su montaje.
An educational software, of hyperentorno type was designed to develop the teaching-learning processes in the subjects Computer science and Investigation of the health technology careers from June, 2011 to the same period of 2013. Scientific methods were applied to corroborate the real state of knowledge and skills on the aspects contained in this software, which was structured in different modules: Agenda, Exercises, Glossary, Mediateca, Complements, Games and Helps, with interrelations between them, allowing the development of learning. In its elaboration several design programs were used, but the CrheaSoft 2.2 constituted the main tool for its implementation.
Subject(s)
Software , Informatics , ResearchABSTRACT
Las supresiones intersticiales del cromosoma 22q11 son las microdeleciones más frecuentes observadas en humanos, con una frecuencia de aproximadamente 1:4000-1:8000 nacidos. Incluye diversos síndromes como el síndrome de DiGeorge y Cayler. Los pacientes con deleción 22q11 presentan diversas combinaciones de las siguientes entidades clínicas: defectos cardíacos congénitos, facies característica, malformaciones del paladar, hipoparatiroidismo, hipocalcemia, inmunodeficiencia congénita debido a la hipoplasia tímica, retraso del crecimiento y problemas psiquiátricos. La etiología en la mayoría de los pacientes es una deleción recurrente 3-Mb en la región 22q11. Los objetivos del estudio fueron examinar y describir las manifestaciones orales en las personas con síndrome de deleción 22q11 y analizar sus condiciones médicas y sus implicaciones en odontología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Octubre de 2012 en la base de datos PubMed, Scielo y Cochrane Library con las palabras clave: 22q11 deletion syndrome, oral health y dentist. Se observó una alta prevalencia de anomalías dentales. Las alteraciones del esmalte son las más frecuentes. Se presenta mayor número de hipomineralizaciones que de hipoplasias del esmalte. El hipoparatiroidismo y/o hipocalcemia no se consideran los factores etiológicos en las alteraciones del esmalte y no existe relación directa entre las condiciones médicas sistémicas y las alteraciones del esmalte. En el síndrome de deleción 22q11 la cavidad oral está afectada por alteraciones en el esmalte, en la morfología de los dientes, en el número de dientes y en la erupción dental. Es importante conocer que los pacientes con síndrome de deleción 22q11 suelen padecer malformaciones cardíacas congénitas y problemas inmunológicos.
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 22q11 are the most commonly seen microdeletions observed in humans, with a frequency of approximately 1:40001:8000 live births. It includes various syndromes such as DiGeorge and Cayler syndrome. Patients with the 22q11 deletion present various combinations of the following clinical features: congenital cardiac defects, characteristic facies, palate malformations, hypoparathyroidism, congenital hypocalcemia, immunodeficiency due to thymic hypoplasia, growth retardation and psychiatric problems. The etiology in the majority of patients is a 3-Mb recurrent deletion in region 22q11. The aim of the study were to examine and describe oral manifestations in individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome and to analyze associations with medical conditions and the implications in dentist. A systematic search in October 2012 in PubMed, Scielo and Cochrane Library database with keywords: 22q11 deletion syndrome, oral health and dentist. Dental anomalies were registered in high numbers. Enamel disturbances were frequently seen. There were more hypomineralizations than hypoplasias. Hypoparathyroidism and/or hypocalcemia are not clear etiological factors for enamel disturbances and there were no major correlations between medical conditions and enamel disturbances. In 22q11 deletion syndrome the oral cavity is affected by anomalies in dental enamel, tooth shape, numbers of teeth and eruption. It is important to know that patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome often have congenital heart defects and immune problems.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation of Radiographic Scoring System and Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22), a revised form of health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis patients. METHOD: A patient group was made up of 41 adolescents who were diagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis. A control group of 17 persons with Cobb's angle <10degrees was established. To evaluate psychosocial condition, SRS-22 was used to collect the data on both patient and control group. Roentgenographic study was conducted to obtain the Radiographic Deformity Score and evaluate the curve pattern. RESULTS: Pain, self image/appearance, mental health and total score of SRS domains were found to be significantly different between patient and control group (p<0.05). Radiog raphic Deformity Score was positively correlated with pain and self image of SRS domains (p<0.05). However, the pattern of curve was found to be not correlated with SRS score. CONCLUSION: We could evaluate a psychologic condition of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis using Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire. The more severe spinal deformity, it had the more negative influence on psychologic conditions in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis patients. Therefore, the clinician who is managing idiopathic adolescent scoliosis patients should consider their psychosocial conditions.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , ScoliosisABSTRACT
Objectives:To translate the English version of Quality of Life Questionnaire of Stomach 22 into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of QLQ-STO22.Methods:From 1st June to 31st December,2003,140 patients with gastric cancer were sampled as study participants in three hospitals using cluster sampling method.All participants were interviewed with QLQ-STO22 Chinese version by the investigators who were trained in advance.Results:Nearly all ICCs of scales of STO22 were above 0.75;the split-half reliability coefficient is 0.78 and the Cronbach'a coefficient is 0.80.These results proved that the questionnaires had good test-retest reliability,split-half reliability and internal consistency.Three common factors were extracted by factor analysis,which ccould account for more than 60% of total variance and factor loads of the three common factors were above 0.5 in related items.Conclusion:QLQ-STO22 has good reliability and validity,which is available for the study of life quality among Chinese gastric cancer patients.