ABSTRACT
Resumen En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis diagnóstico con miras a identificar acciones para favorecer la consolidación de una cadena productiva forestal en Arauca, Colombia, como estrategia de desarrollo. A partir de una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con consulta a expertos y con una metodología de planeación participativa, se desarrolló un análisis de debilidades, fortalezas, oportunidades y amenazas (DOFA). También se identificaron elementos que dieron soporte para un posterior análisis Mactor® (Matriz de alianzas y conflictos, tácticas, objetivos y recomendaciones) para identificar intereses de los actores de la cadena, y finalmente se propuso un modelo de representación de la cadena productiva forestal del departamento, con sus respectivos eslabones y agentes.
Abstract In the present article, a diagnostic analysis aimed at identifying actions to favor the consolidation of a forest productive chain in Arauca, Colombia, as a development strategy, was carried out. From a qualitative investigation, with consultation to experts and with a methodology of participative planning, an analysis of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats was developed (SWOT). Elements also were identified, to gave support for a subsequent Mactor® analysis (Matrix of alliances and conflicts, tactics, objectives and recommendations) in order to identify interests of the actors in the chain, and finally was proposed a model of representation of the forest productive chain of the department, with its respective links and agents.
Resumo No presente artigo, foi realizada uma análise diagnóstica que objetivou identificar ações para favorecer a consolidação de uma cadeia produtiva florestal em Arauca, Colômbia, como estratégia de desenvolvimento. A partir de uma investigação do tipo qualitativa, com consulta a especialistas e com uma metodologia de planejamento participativo, foi desenvolvida uma análise de Forças, Fraquezas, Oportunidades e Ameaças (SWOT). Elementos que deram suporte para uma análise Mactor® subsequente (Matriz de alianças e conflitos, táticas, objetivos e recomendações) para identificar os interesses dos atores da cadeia também foram identificados e, finalmente, um modelo de representação da cadeia de produção florestal da departamento, com seus respectivos links e agentes.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Ramaria flava. METHODS: Several chromatographic methods were used to isolate the chemical constituents from this mushroom. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were identified as: adenine (I), 5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-diene-3β-ol (II), 5α, 8α-epidioxyergos-ta-6, 9(11), 22-triene-3β-ol (III), Phenylacetic acid (IV), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (V), 5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 9 (11)-diene-3β-ol (VI), stigmasterol (VII), D-allitol (VIE), α-D-(+) Glucose (IX), 3-O-β-Z)-Glucopyranosyl-22E, 24R-5α, 8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22-diene (X), and 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-22E, 24R-5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 9, 22-triene(XI). CONCLUSION: All the 11 compounds were isolated from Ramaria flava for the first time. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-tumor activities of a new compound 3β,12β,20(S)-trihydroxy dammarane-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (HRG), which is a substance of ginsenoside structure modification, in vivo. METHODS: Liver cancer H22 tumor model on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was established to observe the effects of HRG on tumor growth, the number of induced vessels and the growth inhibition rate. The implanted tumors were dyed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and the morphological properties were studied with light microscope. Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to detect the expressions of the implanted tumor's MVD and VEGF. RESULTS: HRG inhibited the tumor growth at 25, 50 and 100 μg · mL-1. Compared with the model control group, the inhibitory rates of the tumor growth were 27.73%, 50.02%, and 64.21%, respectively. HRG significantly reduced the number of tumor-induced vessels. At the same time, there existed different degree necrosis among the treatment groups, and the degree of necrosis had an inverse relationship with the number of tumor-induced vessels. In addition, HRG reduced the MVD of the implanted tumors, and decreased the expression of VEGF. CONCLUSION: HRG has good anti-tumor activities in vivo, and can significantly inhibit the growth of liver cancer H22-CAM tumor and the induction of angiogenesis. The mechanisms may be associated with lower tumor MVD and VEGF expression.