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1.
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 11(70): 31-40, oct.2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-796462

ABSTRACT

Unas 25 millones de personas padecen enfermedad de Alzheimer en el mundo, y probablemente en los práximos 20 años, se registrarán unos 70 millones de nuevos casos. Caracterizaada por una pérdida progresiva de la memoria, el déficit de la capacidad cognitiva es proporcional a la densidad de placas seniles, a la acumulación de la proteína beta amiloide, degeneraciones neuríticas y ovillos neurofibrilares, particularmente en el hipocampo y en la corteza cerebral. Este cuadro histopatológico se asocia a otro neuroquímico, caracterizado por una disminución de las enzimas colina acetiltransferasa y acetilcolinesterasa, y una menor densidad de los receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos y nicotínicos. Ello ha generado la teoría colinérgica del Alzheimer, que ha dado lugar a una aproximación racional al tratamiento de la enfermedad. Hoy disponemos de 3 anticolinesterásicos, galantamina, donepecilo y rivastigmina aprobados por FDA, que se recomiendan en EA leves y moderadas y de un antagonista no competitovo de los receptores NMDA memantina EA. El beneficio es modesto en relación a lo cogitivo y conductual. Se incluyen estudios sobre recomendaciones, farmacología, farmacognética, eficacia, tolerancia, características de los pacientes respondedores a los diferentes anticolinesterásicos, sus reemplazos el uso de comprimidos, parches, beneficiios, efectos adversos y de las nuevas terapéuticas que están en desarrollo como estanercept, NP12, resveratrol PBT2 y vacuna nasal, entre otras...


About 25 millions of individuals in the world suffer from Alzheimer's disease. The next 20 years shall probably register 70 millions of new cases. Characterized by a progressive loss of memory, cognitive deficit is proportional to the density of senile plaques, accumulation of beta amyloid, neuritic degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. This histopathological condition is associated with another neurochemical, chracterized by a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, and a lower density of muscrinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. This results in the cholinergic theory of Alzheimer's, which has led to a rational approach to treatment of disease. Today we have 3 anticholinesterase Galantamine, Donepzil and Rivastigmine approved by FDA recommended in mild to moderate AD and an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors Memantine is recommended in mild Alzheimer's disease for people who can not take ACE inhibitors, and severe AD The benefit is modest in realtion to the cognitive and behavioral. Studies are included on therapeutic recommendations, pharmacology, pharmacogenetic, efficiency, tolerance, characteristics of responders to different anticholinesterases, their relacements, the use of pills, patches, benefits, side effects and new therapeutic under development as Etanercept, NP12, PBT 2, Resveratrol, Nasal Vaccine, among others...


Subject(s)
Humans , Acetylcholinesterase/adverse effects , Acetylcholinesterase/pharmacokinetics , Acetylcholinesterase/pharmacology , Acetylcholinesterase/therapeutic use , Cognition , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Memory Disorders/pathology
2.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1993 Apr; 31(4): 365-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-61342

ABSTRACT

Cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the blood serum of rats was elevated to 15, 25, and 45 times by the sc administration of 1000, 2000 and 3000 electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) units respectively. Apparently no ill-effect to animals was observed. The maximal activity of the enzyme occurred in 90 min after its administration and was directly proportional to the administered dose. The increase activity of ChE in the serum on the exogenous administration of AChE persisted for 18 hr. The exogenously raised serum ChE, protected rats against lethal dose of dichlorvos, but not against lethal dose of soman. The possible mechanism of differential response in discussed.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Cholinesterases/blood , Dichlorvos/poisoning , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Poisoning/prevention & control , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Soman/poisoning
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