New and potential properties, characteristics, and analytical methods of ferulic acid: A review

Abstract Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and in the microorganisms. Cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivative-ferulic acid, are phenolic compounds. Ferulic acid possesses antioxidant potential, as well as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It prevents the harmful effects of radiation both as an ultraviolet absorber and as a free radical scavenger; it is not cytotoxic. Although ferulic acid has beneficial properties, it is hardly used in cosmetic preparations and has been rarely studied in the literature. Herein, we review the literature on ferulic acid, to provide information which can contribute to further research on the compound.

Optimization of cosmetic formulations development using Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology: physical, sensory and moisturizing properties

Considering the importance of an adequate composition of the formulation in the development of stable, safe and effective cosmetic products, experimental design techniques are tools that can optimize the formulation development process. The objective of this study was to develop topical formulations using the Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology and evaluate its physical, sensory and moisturizing properties. The experimental design used in the first step allowed to identify and to quantify the influence of raw materials, as well as the interaction between them. In the second step, the analysis identified the influence of soy lecithin, the phytantriol and capric acid triglyceride and caprylic on the consistency index, stickiness and greasiness and skin hydration. Cetearyl alcohol, dicetyl phosphate and cetyl phosphate 10EO and acrylates/C10-30 alkylacrylate crosspolymer showed effects in rheological parameters. The addition of soy lecithin had significant effects in terms of consistency index, stickiness, oiliness and immediate moisturizing effects. Phytantriol showed effects on increasing consistency index and oiliness sensation. Thus, the experimental design was shown to be an effective tool for research and development of cosmetics, since it allowed the assessment of the individual and interaction effects of raw materials in the responses: rheological parameters, sensory and clinical efficacy.

Análise comparativa, ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura, de esmalte bovino exposto a diferentes soluçöes ácidas: um estudo in vitro / Scanning electron microscopy analysis of bovine enamel exposed to different acid solutions: an in vitro study

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as possíveis alteraçöes ocorridas na superfície de esmalte bovino, hígido ou desmineralizado, exposto por 40 minutos à Coca-cola em fórmula original, ao suco de limäo diluído em água destilada na razäo 1:5 e ao suco de laranja natural integral (Parmalat). Com esse fim, 40 blocos de esmalte bovino de 16 mm² foram previamente limpos com pedra-pomes e água destilada, em baixa rotaçäo. Desse total, 20 foram artificialmente descalcificados. Tanto os blocos hígidos quando os descalcificados foram colocados 6 a 6 em dispositivos de cera, perfazendo um total de 3 dispositivos com 6 blocos de esmalte hígido (Grupo I) e 3 dispositivos com 6 blocos de esmalte descalcificado (Grupo II). Análises comparativas ao Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura demonstraram que o suco de limäo foi o responsável por padröes de erosäo mais acentuados, seguido pela Coca-cola e pelo suco de laranja, tanto no esmalte hígido quanto no desmineralizado. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial erosivo do suco de limäo, da Coca-cola e do suco de laranja