The Effect of Anakinra on Acrylamide-induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Abstract Acrylamide is a neurotoxic compound. Moreover, anakinra is an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. This study investigated the effect of anakinra on acrylamide-related neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Acrylamide exposure caused a significant decrease in the pain threshold; an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) levels; and a decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) values in the sciatic nerve. This indicates hyperalgesia presence, oxidative stress, and peripheral nerve tissue inflammation. Anakinra treatment significantly reduced the MDA, IL-1ß, and TNF-α levels, and increased the pain threshold and mean tGSH values. The analgesic effect of anakinra was 67.9% at the first hour, increasing to 74.9% and 76.7% at the second and third hours, respectively. The group receiving acrylamide exhibited histopathological changes (e.g., swollen and degenerated axons, hypertrophic and hyperplasic Schwann cells, and congested vessels). The use of anakinra significantly improved these morphological changes. Anakinra is concluded to reduce neuropathic pain and prevent neurotoxic effect of acrylamide on peripheral nerves due to its analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties

The preventive effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced heart damage in rats / O efeito preventivo da taxifolina em danos cardíacos induzidos por acrilamida em ratos

ABSTRACT Objective Acrylamide is a toxic compound widely used in industrial sectors. Acrylamide causes reactive oxygen species formation and the subsequent lipid peroxidation reaction, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative damage. Taxifolin is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties that inhibit reactive oxygen species formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced oxidative heart damage. Methods The rats were divided into three groups: Acrylamide, Acrylamide+Taxifolin , and Healthy group. Water and food intake and body weight alterations were recorded daily. Malondialdehyde, total glutathione, nuclear factor kappa-B, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed from the heart tissue. Troponin-I levels, the parameter known as a cardiac biomarker, were analyzed from the blood sample. The cardiac histopathologic examination was also performed. Results In the Acrylamide group animals, the malondialdehyde, nuclear factor kappa-B, total oxidant status, and troponin-I levels were significantly higher compared to the ones of Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups. The levels of total glutathione and total antioxidant status were significantly lower compared to Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups'. Additionally, in the Acrylamide group, body weight gain, food and water intake, significantly declined compared to the Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups. However, in the Acrylamide+Taxifolin group, taxifolin supplementation brought these values close to Healthy group ones. Furthermore, taxifolin treatment ameliorated structural myocardial damage signs induced by acrylamide. Conclusion Acrylamide exposure significantly induced oxidative damage to rat heart tissue. Taxifolin was able to improve the toxic consequences of acrylamide biochemically and histopathologically, possibly due to its antioxidant properties.

RESUMO Objetivo A acrilamida é um composto tóxico amplamente utilizado em setores industriais. Ela causa a formação de reativas de oxigênio e subsequente reação de peroxidação lipídica, que desempenham um papel importante na patogênese do dano oxidativo. A taxifolina é um flavonóide com propriedades antioxidantes que inibe a formação de reativas de oxigênio. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi investigar o efeito preventivo da taxifolina no dano cardíaco oxidativo induzido por acrilamida. Métodos Os ratos foram divididos em três grupos: Acrilamida, Acrilamida+Taxifolina e grupo Saudável. Ingestão de água e comida e alterações de peso corporal dos animais foram registradas diariamente. Malondialdeído, glutationa total, fator nuclear kappa-B, estado oxidante total e estado antioxidante total foram analisados no tecido cardíaco dos ratos. Os níveis de troponina-I, - parâmetro conhecido como biomarcador cardíaco, foram analisados a partir de amostra de sangue. Um exame histopatológico cardíaco também foi realizado. Resultados Nos animais do grupo Acrilamida, os níveis de malondialdeído, fator nuclear kappa-B, estado oxidante total e troponina-I foram significativamente maiores em comparação com os do grupo Acrilamida+Taxifolina e Saudável. Os níveis de glutationa total e estado antioxidante total foram significativamente mais baixos em comparação com grupos Acrilamida+Taxifolina e Saudável. Além disso, no grupo Acrilamida, o ganho de peso corporal e a ingestão de alimentos e água diminuíram significativamente em comparação com os animais dos grupos Acrilamida+Taxifolina e Saudável. No entanto, no grupo Acrilamida+Taxifolina, a suplementação com taxifolina aproximou esses valores aos do grupo Saudável. Além disso, o tratamento com taxifolina melhorou os sinais de dano miocárdico estrutural induzidos pela acrilamida. Conclusão A exposição à acrilamida induziu significativamente o dano oxidativo do tecido cardíaco dos ratos. A taxifolina foi capaz de melhorar as consequências tóxicas da acrilamida bioquímica e histopatologicamente, possivelmente devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes.

Pilot screening of acrylamide level in some Egyptian brands of potato aaaand corn products

Acrylamide is a chemical compound produced in starchy foods that have been cooked at high temperatures. Acrylamide is proven to be carcinogenic in rodents and a probable human carcinogen, with increasing evidence of positive associations with human cancers. Acrylamide is formed in potato crisps, chips, bread and crisp bread. lt was first discovered by scientists in Sweden in 2002. To determine the level of acrylamide in popular Egyptian brands of potato crisps and corn products produced by domestic food industrial factories. Seven brands of potato and eight brands of corn products were collected, crashed and after preparing the extracts of each sample, high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] was used for measuring the amount of acrylamide. The amounts of acrylamide ranged 247-1677 micro g/kg in potato brands and <35-419 micro g/kg in corn products. As acrylamide is a dangerous toxin for human health, its level in these products, that are used extensively by people especially children, should be strictly traced and reduced

Estimativa preliminar da ingestão de acrilamida no Brasil / Preliminary estimate of acrylamide intake in Brazil

Since the discovery of acrylamide occurrence in foods, several studies have been addressed to the possible risks that the exposure to this chemical can represent to human health, justified by its carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. The objectives of this work were to estimate the acrylamide intake by the Brazilian population, identify the main sources of exposure to this contaminant and assess the potential risks to health. The daily intake was assessed by combining measured levels of acrylamide in selected food categories, determined by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry, with national food consumption data inferred from a household economic survey conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. A mean daily intake of 0.14 μg/kg body weight was estimated and the foods that most contributed to acrylamide exposure were french fries, coffee, cassava flour, cracker and french bread. Risk characterization, performed by calculating margins of exposure, indicated a concern for human health in relation to carcinogenic effects.

Desde a descoberta da presença de acrilamida em alimentos, diversos estudos têm sido direcionados aos possíveis riscos que a exposição a esta substância pode representar à saúde humana, tendo em vista seu potencial carcinogênico e genotóxico. Este trabalho teve como objetivos estimar a ingestão de acrilamida pela população brasileira, identificar as principais fontes de exposição a este contaminante e avaliar os potenciais riscos à saúde. A ingestão foi estimada combinando-se níveis de ocorrência de acrilamida em produtos brasileiros, determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas seqüencial, e dados de consumo alimentar fornecidos pela Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Estimou-se que, em média, a ingestão diária de acrilamida através da dieta é de 0,14 μg/kg de peso corpóreo e verificou-se que os alimentos que mais contribuem para a sua exposição são a batata frita, o café, a farinha de mandioca, o biscoito salgado e o pão francês. A caracterização do risco, realizada através do cálculo da margem de exposição, indicou uma preocupação à saúde humana em relação aos efeitos carcinogênicos.

Histological, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies on the possible protective role of ginger extract against acrylamide induced intestinal damage in mice

This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of ginger Zingeber officinale extract [ZOE] against the acrylamide [AC] which is an industrial chemical used in water treatment and it is synthesized during cooking of starch food at high temperature. Thirty adult male albino mice, each weighs 20-25 g were divided into three groups [10 mice/group]: [I]control group. II]acrylamide treated group. [III] acrylamide and ginger group. Acrylamide was given to experimental animals in the drinking water at a non-lethal dose of 200 p.p.m for 10 weeks [3 days/week]. Ginger extract was orally administrated at 50 mg/L [tilde 5 ml/day] for 10 weeks [3 days/week]. The ileum samples were collected for light microscope study and for scanning and transmission electron microscope examination. This study revealed that acrylamide induces pathological changes of the ileum of the treated mice specially the absorptive epithelial cells. The scanning electron microscopic study revealed damage of the ileal villi, some red blood corpuscles appeared at the site of damage. The transmission electron microscopic examination clearly demonstrated degeneration of most cell organelles as mitochondria, deterioration and degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of Golgi apparatus. The administration of ginger extract decreased the histological alterations and ensuring the anti-inflammatory, and antitoxic effects of ZOE at its chosen dosage level

Histological alterations in the liver of mother rats and its weanlings fed on fried bread and the protective effect of curcumin

This study dealt with the evaluation of the histological alteration due to feeding on fried bread and the protective role of curcumin on the liver of pregnant rats and their offspring. The results showed that feeding on fried bread caused different histopathological lesions in the liver of female rats and their offspring closely similar to those induced by feeding on a diet containing acrylamide. These lesions included vacuolated cytoplasm, dilated blood vessels, congested blood vessels, haemorrhage, pyknosis, necrosis and complete degenerated areas. The emerged data showed that fried bread induced histological alterations in the liver of rats similar to those caused due to acrylamide in food. The present findings suggested that curcumin has slight protective effect against the degenerative effects of fried bread

Histological changes induced by feeding on fried potato and protective role of curcumin in the liver of female rats and their offsprings

This study deals with the evaluation of the histological effect of feeding on fried potato and the protective role of curcumin on the liver of pregnant rats and their offspring. The results showed that the using of fried potato caused different histopathological lesions in the liver of female rats and their offspring. These lesions include vacuolated cytoplasm, dilated blood vessels, congested blood vessels, haemorrhage, pyknosis, necrosis and complete degenerated areas. The emerged data showed that fried potato induced histological alterations in the liver of rats similar to those caused due to acrylamide in food. The present findings suggested that curcumin have no protective effect against the degenerative effect of fried potato