ABSTRACT
Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy to reduce the high mortality associated with acute liver failure and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) is an extracorporeal supportive therapy used as a bridge to liver transplantation or regeneration. We report a 44-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis admitted for critical COVID-19 pneumonia that evolves with ACLF. SPAD technique was performed completing six sessions, with a reduction of bilirubin and ammonia levels. He evolved with severe respiratory failure and refractory septic shock, dying. SPAD is a safe and efficient technique aimed to eliminate liver toxins, preventing multiorgan damage interrupting the process known as the "autointoxication hypothesis". It is easy to implement in any critical patient unit and has lower costs than other extracorporeal liver support therapies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Liver Transplantation , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/etiology , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/therapy , COVID-19/complications , Renal Dialysis/methods , Albumins/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introducción: Una condición de alta mortalidad a corto plazo en el cirrótico es la Insuficiencia hepática crónica reagudizada (ACLF por sus siglas en inglés), caracterizada por la falla de órgano(s) y precedida habitualmente por una descompensación aguda (DA). Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia, el perfil clínico y la mortalidad en los cirróticos hospitalizados con ACLF. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico observacional realizado de julio 2016 a junio 2017. Se estableció la condición de ACLF según los criterios del estudio CANONIC. Resultados: Se reclutaron 118 pacientes cirróticos, 34 (28,8%) de los cuales presentaron ACLF, con grado 1: 14 (41%), grado 2: 16 (47%) y grado 3: 4 (12%) pacientes. La edad promedio fue 61,5 años; siendo la etiología más frecuente el alcoholismo en 18 pacientes (53%) y la mayoría no tenían historia previa de DA (64,7%). Los factores precipitantes más frecuentes fueron: la hemorragia digestiva (41%) y las infecciones (29,4%). Los grupos con y sin ACLF tuvieron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el puntaje Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) (11,4 ± 1,8 vs 8,69 ± 2,04; p<0,0001), puntaje MELD (26,4 ± 8,1 vs 14,4 ± 4,6; p<0,0001), leucocitos (11 809,7 ± 6906,3/mm3 vs 8434,01 ± 5434,9/mm3; p: 0,006) y mortalidad a 28 días (76,5% vs 21,4%; p<0,0001), con un riesgo relativo (RR) de 3,5. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de ACLF fue 28,8%, similar a la del estudio CANONIC (30,9%). El principal factor precipitante fue la hemorragia digestiva. Los puntajes CTP, MELD y leucocitos fueron más altos en el grupo con ACLF, observándose una mortalidad a 28 días de 76,5% (3,5 veces mayor que en los pacientes sin ACLF).
Introduction: A condition of high short-term mortality in the cirrhotic patient is Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF), characterized by organ failure (s) and usually preceded by acute decompensation (AD). Objective: To determine the frequency, clinical profile, and mortality in cirrhotic patients hospitalized with ACLF. Materials and methods: This is an observational analytical study conducted from July 2016 to June 2017. We established the ACLF condition through the criteria of the CANONIC study. Results: The study population was 118 patients, of whom 34 (28.8%) presented ACLF, 14 (41%) were Grade 1, 16 (47%) Grade 2 and 4 (11.9%) Grade 3. The average age was 61.5 years old, alcoholism being the most frequent etiology with 18 patients (53%) and mostly without episodes of AD (64.7%). The most frequent precipitating factors were: Digestive hemorrhage (41%) and infections (29.4%). The groups with and without ACLF were statistically significant in the Child-Turcot- Pugh score (CTP) (11.4 ± 1.8 vs. 8.69 ± 2.04; p < 0.0001), MELD score (26.4 ± 8.1 vs. 14.4 ± 4.6; p < 0.0001), leukocytes (11,809.7 +/- 6,906.3 per mm3 vs. 8,434.01 ± 5,434.9 per mm3; p: 0.006) and 28-day mortality (76.5% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.0001), with a relative risk (RR) of 3.5. Conclusions: The frecuency of ACLF was 28.8%, similar to that of the CANONIC study (30.9%). The digestive hemorrhage being the main precipitating factor. The CTP, MELD and leukocyte scores were highest in this group. Mortality in patients with ACLF was 3.5 times more frequent than in patients without ACLF.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/diagnosis , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/epidemiology , Peru , Urban Health , Prospective Studies , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/etiology , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/mortality , Hospitals, Public , Liver Cirrhosis/complicationsABSTRACT
Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an increasingly recognized syndrome worldwide, in which there is great interest from different scientific societies and an increasing number of publications. It is defined as a syndrome of cirrhotic patients, characterized by the presence of acute decompensation, organ failure and high mortality rate in the short term. ACLF can be reversed using standard therapy in only 16-50% of patients, thus a prompt transfer to liver transplant center can make a difference in the survival chances of the patient.
La falla hepática aguda sobre crónica (ACLF, por su sigla en inglés) es un síndrome cada vez más reconocido a nivel mundial, que genera gran interés por parte de las distintas sociedades científicas y sobre el cual existe un número creciente de publicaciones. Se define como un síndrome de pacientes cirróticos, que se caracteriza por la presencia de una descompensación aguda, falla orgánica y elevada mortalidad a corto plazo. La reversibilidad de este síndrome con las medidas estándar es solo entre 16-50%, por lo que la derivación a un centro con disponibilidad de trasplante hepático puede hacer la diferencia en la sobrevida del paciente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/diagnosis , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/therapy , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Liver Transplantation , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/etiology , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/physiopathology , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/prevention & controlABSTRACT
To determine dynamic Gc-globulin level change in Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure [ACHBLF] patients, and evaluate the prognostic value of Gc-globulin. An analytical study. The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, from January 2010 to December 2012. A total of 54 consecutive Chinese ACHBLF patients and 30 healthy volunteers as controls were recruited from 2010 to 2012. The patients were divided into improved group and aggravated group. Gc-globulin levels were determined in both groups and mean values compared with significance at p < 0.05. Cut-off value was also determined. The Gc-globulin level was significantly decreased in ACHBLF patients [p < 0.001]. Gc-globulin levels were significantly higher in improved patients than in aggravated patients, and a 215 mg/L cut-off value carried the best prognostic information. On longitudinal observations, Gc-globulin gradually elevated in improved groups. However, in aggravated groups, the Gc-globulin levels were always below normal levels and no significant change was observed before or after the treatment [p > 0.05]. Gc-globulin monitoring offers a rapid and accurate method to estimate treatment outcomes on admission and an effective temporal indicator of curative effects in ACHBLF patients at an optimal cut-off value of 215 mg/L