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1.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64: e21200198, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285559

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS P. ostreatus and P. sapidus are the most productive species under the evaluated conditions. Different growing systems are suitable for the production of P. ostreatus var. Florida. Temperature control level affects differently the P. ostreatus var. Florida isolates. Environmental and strain factors affect yield and production parameters of P. ostreatus var. Florida.


Abstract In Brazil, Pleurotus is the most important mushroom produced especially P. ostreatus var. Florida. In this country as in many others, the great potential for mushroom cultivation remains unexplored. Therefore, it is very important to develop new studies that allow optimizing its production. The aims of the manuscript were: i) to evaluate the productivity of six different species of Pleurotus (P. citrinopileatus; P. djamor; P. ostreatus; P. ostreatus var. Florida; P. pulmonarius; P. sapidus); ii) to measure the effect of three different environmental conditions during cultivation of three isolates of P. ostreatus var. Florida. As results, P. ostreatus and P. sapidus were the most productive isolates under the evaluated conditions. Different environments produced variable effects according to the P. ostreatus var. Florida isolates, being possible to observe a highly plastic strain (POF 02/18), a highly sensitive strain (POF 03/18) and a strain with variable responses (POF 01/18).


Subject(s)
Biodegradation, Environmental , Food Production , Pleurotus/isolation & purification , Brazil , Agribusiness/methods
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(6): 2373-2380, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1142313

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate infrared beak trimming versus hot-blade beak trimming on performance, organ and bone development of laying pullets, using 240 birds, at 0-16 weeks of age, from two strains (white layer - Hy-Line W36 and brown layer - Hy-Line Brown). Infrared debeaking was performed on the first day of life in the hatchery, whereas hot-blade beak trimming was performed at eight days of age. Zootechnical performance at 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age was analyzed. At the end of the trial, one Bird per experimental unit was euthanized for liver, gizzard, proventriculus, heart and small intestine relative weight evaluation. Both tibiotarsus were collected to measure bone breaking resistance, bone mineral content and bone densitometry. There was higher body weight and feed intake in both bird strains submitted to infrared beak trimming. Additionally, hot-blade white layers presented lower body development and feed intake. The debeaking methods did not influence relative organ weights or tibiotarsus parameters evaluated. We conclude that the infrared beak trimming method promotes better pullet body development than the conventional hot-blade method, improving feed intake, without compromising organ and bone development, being a more adequate debeaking method to be used in layer production.(AU)


Para avaliar a debicagem infravermelha versus a debicagem pelo método da lâmina quente no desempenho, no desenvolvimento de órgãos e na qualidade óssea de poedeiras em recria, foram utilizadas 240 aves, entre zero e 16 semanas de idade, em duas linhagens (branca - Hy-Line W36 e vermelha - Hy-Line Brown). A debicagem por infravermelho foi realizada no primeiro dia de vida no incubatório, enquanto a debicagem com lâmina quente foi realizada aos oito dias de idade. Analisou-se o desempenho zootécnico na sexta, nona, 12ª e 15ª semanas de idade. No final do estudo, uma ave por unidade experimental foi eutanasiada para avaliação do peso relativo do fígado, da moela, do proventrículo, do coração e do intestino delgado, e ossos do tibiotarso foram coletados para avaliação da resistência à ruptura, do conteúdo mineral e da densitometria óssea. Houve maior peso corporal e consumo alimentar nas aves pertencentes às duas linhagens quando submetidas à debicagem por infravermelho, sem haver influência sobre o peso relativo dos órgãos e a qualidade óssea. Conclui-se que o método de debicagem por radiação infravermelha promove melhor desenvolvimento corporal das frangas em relação à debicagem por lâmina quente, melhorando consumo de ração, sem comprometer o desenvolvimento de órgãos e ossos, sendo mais adequada para utilização na avicultura de postura comercial.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Beak , Chickens/growth & development , Amputation, Surgical/veterinary , Animal Welfare , Densitometry/veterinary , Agribusiness/methods
3.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 51(2): 149-157, 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-733555

ABSTRACT

Due to the high value of land in Brazil, it is necessary to conduct studies about the economic feasibility of the choice of production strategy. The soil expectation value determines the maximum purchase price of the bare land, considering the horizon of infinite time. Therefore, this methodology was used to assess the financial-economic feasibility of sheep production systems in pasture with either creep feeding or creep grazing termination of unweaned lambs. Six scenarios were proposed to evaluate the economic feasibility, according to the finishing strategy, the dry matter (DM) offer per kg of body weight (BW) per day (12% or 8%) and the corresponding percentage of white clover supplementary pasture area (30% to 50% - relative to the main pasture area). The soil expectation value was positive in all of the evaluated systems Creep grazing finishing system with 8% DM offer per kg BW and with 30% of reduction on the white glover area resulted in the largest financial return (R$ 289,043.71) and the highest internal return rate (1.74%). The most economically attractive scenario, however, was the creep feeding finishing system with 8% DM offer per kg of BW, which allowed expenses with the land as high as R$ 22,950.68 per hectare. Adjustments in the main pasture offer, which do not compromise animal performance, can enable economic improvement on the feasibility of grazing sheep production systems. The soil expectation value can be used as an economic indicator in the choice of location or expansion of grazing sheep farms.


Devido ao valor elevado da terra no Brasil, é necessário a realização de estudos de viabilidade econômica durante a escolha da estratégia de produção. O valor esperado da terra determina o preço máximo de compra da terra nua, considerando o horizonte de tempo infinito. Portanto, essa metodologia foi utilizada para avaliar a viabilidade economico-financeira de sistemas de produção de ovinos em pastagem com terminação em creep feeding ou creep grazing de cordeiros não dasmamados. Seis cenários foram propostos para avaliar a viabilidade econômica de acordo com a estrategia de terminação, a oferta de matéria seca (MS) por kg de peso vivo (PV) por dia (12% ou 8%) e a área de pastagem suplementar correspondente de trevo branco (30% a 50% – em relação à área de pastagem principal). O valor esperado da terra foi positivo em todos os sistemas avaliados. O sistema com terminação em creep grazing com 8% de oferta de MS/PV e com redução da área suplementar para 30% apresentou o maior retorno financeiro (R$ 289.043,71) e a maior taxa interna de retorno (1,74%). No entanto, o cenário economicamente mais atraente foi o sistema de creep feeding com 8% de oferta de MS/PV, permitindo despesas de até R$ 22.950,68 por hectare. Ajustes na oferta da pastagem principal, que não comprometam o desempenho do animal, podem permitir melhores resultados econômicos de sistemas de produção de ovinos em pastagem. O valor esperado da terra pode ser usado como um indicador econômico na escolha da localização ou ampliação de sistemas de produção de ovinos em pastejo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Husbandry , Agribusiness/methods , Sheep/classification
4.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 12(2): 163-175, dic. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-590782

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se describe la producción de las enzimas fitasa, celulasa, xilanasa y proteasa con Aspergillus ficuum cepa DSM 932 mediante fermentación en estado sólido (SSF) usando torta de canola y pomaza de cranberry como sustratos. Como medida indirecta de la producción de las enzimas se usó en cada caso la actividad enzimática. la torta de canola resultó ser un mejor sustrato para fitasa, celulasa y xilanasa, en tanto que la pomaza de cranberry resultó ser un sustrato potencial para proteasa. Mediante ultrafiltración escalonada fue posible purificar parcialmente los extractos enzimáticos de fitasa, celulasas y xilanasas, obtenidos a partir de torta de canola. La fitasa resultó tener un tamaño >100 kDa, en tanto que las celulasas y xilanasas presentan actividad en los retenidos de 10, 30 y 50 kDa, lo que indicaría que las isoenzimas de ambos complejos tienen pesos moleculares que oscilan entre 10 y 100 kDa.


In this paper, describes the production of the enzymes phytase, cellulase, xylanase and protease by Aspergillus ficuum DSM 932 strain, in solid state fermentation (SSF) using canola cake and cranberry pomace as substrates. The enzyme activity was used in each case as an indirect measure of the enzymes production. Canola meal turned out to be a better substrate for phytase, cellulase and xylanase, while cranberry pomace was found to be a potential substrate for protease. Various ultrafiltration operations were carried out, decreasing the cut off membranes out in order to purify partially extracts of enzymes phytase, cellulase and xylanase, obtained from canola meal. Phytase was found to have a size >100 kDa, whereas cellulase and xylanase activity present in the retained 10, 30 and 50 kDa, suggesting that isozymes of both complexes have molecular weights ranging between 10 and 100 kDa.


Subject(s)
/analysis , Agribusiness/analysis , Agribusiness/adverse effects , Agribusiness/methods , Cellulase/analysis , /analysis , Fermentation/genetics , Fermentation/immunology
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