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Rev. argent. microbiol ; 43(4): 278-286, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634705

ABSTRACT

El género Agrobacterium incluye especies ftopatógenas que inducen la formación de agallas en el cuello o la proliferación de raíces en cabellera en más de 600 especies de dicotiledóneas, y especies no patógenas cuyo hábitat natural es el suelo. Como no es posible erradicar a las especies patógenas y habida cuenta de que más del 80 % de las infecciones puede provenir de viveros, es importante evitar la diseminación de la enfermedad. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido desarrollar técnicas sensibles y precisas que, aisladamente o combinadas, permitan detectar la presencia de especies y biovares de Agrobacterium a partir de muestras de material vegetal, suelo y agua. Se comprobó que con la estrategia combinada de realizar aislamientos en los medios semiselectivos D1, D1-M y YEM-RCT; PCR multiplex sobre el gen 23S ADNr; PCR específca sobre los genes virC1 y virC2 y bioensayos en plántulas de pimiento cv. California Wonder y en hojas cortadas de kalanchoe, se reduce la posibilidad de obtener falsos negativos y/o falsos positivos. Por lo expuesto, esta combinación de técnicas constituye una herramienta adecuada para el diagnóstico de cepas patógenas de Agrobacterium a partir de distintos tipos de muestras.


The genus Agrobacterium includes phytopathogenic bacteria that induce the development of root crown galls and/or aerial galls at the base of the stem or hairy roots on more than 600 species of plants belonging to 90 dicotyledonous families and non-pathogenic species. These bacteria being natural soil inhabitants are particularly diffcult to eradicate, which is a problem in nurseries where more than 80% of infections occur. Since early detection is crucial to avoid the inadvertent spread of the disease, the aim of this work was to develop sensitive and precise identifcation techniques by using a set of semi-selective and differential culture media in combination with a specifc PCR to amplify a partial sequence derived from the virC operon, as well as a multiplex PCR on the basis of 23SrDNA sequences, and biological assays to identify and differentiate species and biovars of Agrobacterium obtained either from soil, water or plant samples. The combination of the different assays allowed us to reduce the number of false positive and negative results from bacteria isolated from any of the three types of samples. Therefore, the combination of multiplex PCR, specifc PCR, isolations in semi-selective D1, D1-M and YEM-RCT media combined with bioassays on cut leaves of Kalanchoe and seedlings of California Wonder pepper cultivar constitute an accurate tool to detect species and biovars of Agrobacterium for diagnostic purposes.


Subject(s)
Agrobacterium/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques , Plants/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Water Microbiology , Agrobacterium/classification , Agrobacterium/enzymology , Agrobacterium/genetics , Agrobacterium/pathogenicity , Biological Assay , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , Culture Media , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Kalanchoe/microbiology , Lactose/analysis , Lactose/analogs & derivatives , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Plant Tumors/microbiology , Species Specificity , Virulence/genetics
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