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1.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 38(1): e38104, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1389671

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: apuntando a la prevención y disminución de la siniestralidad vial, se promulgó la Ley 19360 "de alcohol cero" que modifica la tolerancia de alcohol en sangre para conductores, bajándola de 0,3 g/l a 0,0 g/l, con probados resultados de disminución de siniestros fatales en el corto plazo. Objetivo: analizar el impacto de dicha norma en la venta declarada de alcohol y sobre los usuarios de vías siniestrados por tipo de vehículo y región. Metodología: estudio inferencial, de impacto de intervención. Se analizaron series de tiempo de distintas fuentes, para medir si hubo cambios significativos en éstas mediante la modelización ARIMA, comparando antes y después de la sanción de la Ley 19360. Resultados: el consumo de alcohol declarado no sufrió modificaciones importantes a pesar de la ley cero, mientras que la cantidad de motociclistas fallecidos y heridos de gravedad caen de manera significativa a partir de la sanción de la Ley 19360. Conclusiones: los motociclistas son los más beneficiados con esta legislación, con numerosas vidas salvadas. Los datos sugieren un posible cambio de comportamiento de los conductores de vehículos respecto al consumo de alcohol antes y durante el manejo. La mejora continua de la información disponible para la ciudadanía es clave para comprender mejor estos fenómenos.


Summary: Introduction: law 19360 of "Zero blood alcohol concentration" was passed to prevent and reduce road accidents by modifying the tolerance to blood alcohol concentration for drivers. It lowered it from 0.3 g/l to 0.0 g/l and results proved the reduction of fatal crashes in the short term. Objective: to analyze the impact of the new law on the official alcohol sales and on drivers by type of vehicle and region. Method: inferential study, impact of intervention. Time-series analyses for different sources were performed to find out whether there were meaningful changes using the ARIMA model, comparing figures corresponding to the periods before and after Law 19360 was passed. Resultados: declared consumption of alcohol did not evidence important modifications despite the zero law, whereas the number of dead motorcyclists and severely wounded significantly dropped after Law 19360 was passed. Conclusions: motorcyclists are those who benefit the most with the law, since a great number of deaths were saved. Data suggest there might be a change in the behaviour of vehicle drivers in regards to alcohol consumption before and after driving. The steady improvement of information available for citizens is essential to better understand these phenomena.


Resumo: Introdução: visando a prevenção e redução dos acidentes de trânsito, foi promulgada a Lei 19360 "de tolerância zero ao álcool", que modifica a tolerância ao álcool no sangue para motoristas, baixando-a de 0,3 g/l para 0,0 g/l, com resultados comprovados de redução de sinistros fatais no curto prazo. Objetivo: analisar o impacto do referido regulamento na venda declarada de álcool e nos usuários das estradas afetados por tipo de veículo e região. Metodologia: estudo inferencial, de impacto da intervenção. Séries temporais de diferentes fontes foram analisadas para medir se houve mudanças significativas nestes por meio de modelagem ARIMA, comparando antes e depois da promulgação da Lei 19360. Resultados: o consumo declarado de álcool não sofreu modificações importantes apesar da lei de tolerância zero ao álcool, enquanto o número de motociclistas falecidos e gravemente feridos caiu significativamente após a promulgação da Lei 19.360. Conclusões: os motociclistas são os que mais se beneficiam com essa legislação, com muitas vidas salvas. Os dados sugerem uma possível mudança no comportamento dos condutores de veículos em relação ao consumo de álcool antes e durante a condução. O aprimoramento contínuo das informações disponibilizadas ao público é fundamental para um melhor entendimento desses fenômenos.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Social Change
3.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 34(8): e00122117, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952447

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O objetivo foi analisar o impacto do Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) e da Lei Seca na mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, no período de 1980 a 2014. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais das taxas de mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito de residentes de 15 a 49 anos por sexo, idade e categorias das vítimas, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. O estudo da tendência foi realizado por meio do modelo de regressão linear segmentada e pelo procedimento iterativo de Cochrane-Orcutt. O pressuposto de independência dos resíduos foi verificado por correlogramas e teste de Box-Pierce. Em todo o período, as maiores taxas de mortalidade foram observadas para sexo masculino, motociclistas e faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos de idade. Após a implantação do CTB, houve redução de 9,69 óbitos, por ano, para todas as categorias de acidentes de trânsito (p < 0,001), de 6,90 para pedestres (p = 0,001) e de 1,96 para ocupantes de veículo (p < 0,001). Quanto à faixa de etária, o maior impacto na mortalidade foi observado de 15 a 19 anos para pedestres (p < 0,001) e entre 20 a 29 anos para todas as categorias (p < 0,001). Após a Lei Seca, os dados apresentaram variabilidade e as tendências não foram significativas. Entretanto, houve diminuição da mortalidade para a categoria geral e pedestre. Para as categorias de motociclista e veículo, houve estabilização das taxas. Os resultados mostram impacto nas taxas de mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito após a implantação do CTB e da Lei Seca, com posterior aumento destas. Evidencia-se a demanda por efetividade na fiscalização das leis e avanço nas políticas públicas para que não haja retrocesso no já realizado.


Abstract: The objective was to analyze the impact of the Brazilian Traffic Code and the Law Against Drinking and Driving on mortality from traffic accidents in the State of Paraná, Brazil, from 1980 to 2014. This was an ecological time series study on mortality from traffic accidents in residents 15 to 49 years of age, stratified by the sex, age, and categories of victims, with data from the Mortality Information System. The time trend study used a segmented linear regression model and the Cochrane-Orcutt iterative procedure. The assumption of independence of residuals was verified by correlograms and the Box-Pierce test. The highest mortality rates during the period were in males 20 to 29 years of age. After enactment of the Brazilian Traffic Code, there was a decrease of 9.69 deaths/100,000 inhabitants per year for all categories of traffic accidents (p < 0.001), 6.90 for pedestrians (p = 0.001), and 1.96 for vehicle occupants (p < 0.001). As for age bracket, the greatest impact on mortality was in pedestrians 15 to 19 years of age (p < 0.001) and all victims 20 to 29 years of age (p < 0.001). Following enactment of the Drinking and Driving Law, the data displayed variability and the trends were not significant. However, there was a decrease in overall and pedestrian mortality. The rates for motorcyclists and vehicle occupants stabilized. The results showed an impact on traffic accident mortality after enactment of the new Brazilian Traffic Code and Drinking and Driving Law, followed by an increase in the rates. The study evidenced the need for more effective enforcement and progress with public policies in order to avoid a reversal of the gains achieved.


Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar el impacto del Código de Tráfico Brasileño (CTB) y la Ley Seca en la mortalidad por accidentes de tráfico, en el Estado de Paraná, Brasil, durante el período de 1980 a 2014. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de series temporales sobre las tasas de mortalidad por accidentes de tráfico, de residentes de 15 a 49 años, por sexo, edad y categorías de las víctimas, con datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad. El estudio de la tendencia se realizó mediante un modelo de regresión lineal segmentada y por el procedimiento interactivo de Cochrane-Orcutt. El presupuesto de independencia de los residuos se verificó mediante correlogramas y el test de Box-Pierce. Durante todo el período, las mayores tasas de mortalidad se observaron para el sexo masculino, motociclistas y una franja de edad de 20 a 29 años de edad. Tras la implantación del CTB, hubo una reducción de 9,69 óbitos por año, en todas las categorías de accidentes de tráfico (p < 0,001), de 6,90 en peatones (p = 0,001) y de 1,96 en ocupantes de vehículo (p < 0,001). En cuanto a la franja de edad, el mayor impacto en la mortalidad se observó desde los 15 a los 19 años en peatones (p < 0,001) y entre 20 a 29 años en todas las categorías (p < 0,001). Tras la Ley Seca, los datos presentaron variabilidad y las tendencias no fueron significativas. No obstante, hubo una disminución de la mortalidad en la categoría general y peatones. En las categorías de motociclista y vehículo, hubo una estabilización de las tasas. Los resultados muestran impacto en las tasas de mortalidad por accidentes de tráfico, tras la implantación del CTB y la Ley Seca, con un posterior aumento de las mismas. Se evidencia una demanda de efectividad en la fiscalización de las leyes y el avance en las políticas públicas para que no haya retroceso en lo ya realizado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Motorcycles/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Driving Under the Influence/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil/epidemiology , Information Systems , Linear Models , Risk Factors , Pedestrians
4.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1270064

ABSTRACT

Background: Drunk driving has been reported to increase the risk of road traffic accidents associated with death and severe injury.In South Africa, an increase in blood alcohol concentration of as little as 0.01 g per 100 ml above the legal limit may warrant criminal prosecution or the denial of an insurance claim for damages. However, multiple court cases have been withdrawn because of the incompetence of officials at various stages of the investigation. The scope of the mistakes range from poor scene handling to the incorrect handling of blood samples at the laboratory to eventual laboratory testing of blood samples. Using a group of community service doctors (CSDs) as a cohort study group, this study investigated the competency of medical graduates in relation to the medico-legal aspects of drunk driving.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire-based study was done with 150 CSDs. The questionnaire was administered in Afrikaans and English and was dispatched electronically via e-mail. All potential participants were contacted telephonically to obtain verbal consent. Results are displayed as percentages.Results: A response rate of 59.3% was achieved. The results obtained in this study confirm that some CSDs lack competency in handling medico-legal aspects relating to drunk driving, and are thus unable to serve the communities they have been assigned to adequately. Their lack of skills and knowledge suggests that the present undergraduate Clinical Forensic Medicine curriculum is inadequate.Conclusion: It would be beneficial to revise the curriculum for Clinical Forensic Medicine in undergraduate medical training to address the gap in knowledge and practice of various demands of forensic medicine required from new medical graduates and CSDs


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving , South Africa
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(1): 108-115, ene. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776980

ABSTRACT

Alcohol consumption is harmful to minors. One of the most wide ly accepted measures for the prevention of harm associated with alcohol consumption for young people is to establish a minimum legal drinking age. This document presents the evidence available on this policy, offers a condensed analysis of its characterist ics in the United States of America, describes current consumption patterns of Chilean youth, and proposes concrete solutions to be implemented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Health , Underage Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Chile , Age Factors , Underage Drinking/prevention & control , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(12): 3787-3792, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828537

ABSTRACT

Resumo Estudo transversal que avaliou os resultados e as recusas ao teste do bafômetro entre motoristas interceptados pela Operação Lei Seca na capital do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense. Realizado com base em dados cedidos pelo Governo do Estado que foram coletados durante atendimento de motoristas interceptados entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Procederam-se análises descritivas da amostra e de associação entre as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e local de abordagem com as recusas e os resultados do teste do bafômetro através de um modelo de regressão logística. Dos 4756 (100%) condutores interceptados, 59 (1,2%) apresentaram resultado positivo no teste do bafômetro e 229 (4,8%) recusaram-no. Apenas a variável local de abordagem apresentou significância estatística com maiores chances de resultados positivos (OR = 4,01) e recusas ao teste (OR = 5,14) entre os condutores interceptados na Baixada Fluminense. As ações sistemáticas de fiscalização efetuadas pela Operação Lei Seca que ocorrem há mais tempo na capital parecem influenciar positivamente o comportamento de beber e dirigir dos motoristas.


Abstract Abstract This paper involved a cross-sectional study that evaluated the results and refusals to take the breathalyzer test among drivers intercepted by the Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Spot-Check Campaign (Operação Lei Seca) in the capital of Rio de Janeiro and Baixada Fluminense. It was conducted using data provided by the State Government which were collected from drivers intercepted in the months of December 2013 and January 2014. Descriptive analysis was conducted of the sample and of the association between gender, age and location variables with the result of the breathalyzer test and refusal to take the test using a logistic regression model. Of the 4756 (100%) drivers intercepted, 59 (1.2%) failed the breathalyzer test and 229 (4.8%) refused to take it. Only the location of interception variable was statistically significant with greater chances of failing (OR = 4.01) and refusal to take the test (OR = 5.14) among drivers intercepted in the Baixada Fluminense. Systematic monitoring actions taken by the DUI Spot-Check Campaign that have occurred for longer in the capital appear to have a positive impact on the drinking and driving behavior of drivers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Breath Tests , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Refusal to Participate/statistics & numerical data , Driving Under the Influence/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Driving Under the Influence/prevention & control
7.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 23(6): 799-804, nov./dez. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-915817

ABSTRACT

Estudo seccional que objetivou identificar o padrão de consumo de álcool entre os condutores de veículo automotor e associar esse padrão com o comportamento de beber e dirigir, em um posto do Departamento de Trânsito da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (DETRAN). Os dados foram coletados no ano de 2011, por meio do questionário Alcohol use disorders indentification test (AUDIT), acrescido de variáveis sobre comportamento de beber e dirigir, totalizando-se 390 participantes da pesquisa. Os dados foram tabulados pelo software Epi-info 2000. Com a análise dos dados, observou-se uma frequência significativa de condutores de veículo automotor classificados como consumidores problemáticos de álcool, segundo o AUDIT, que afirmaram beber e dirigir mesmo após a instituição da lei no 11.705/08. Isso reforça a necessidade de ampliar as ações educativas e fiscalizadoras sobre o ato de beber e dirigir.


This cross-sectional study to identify patterns of drinking among motor vehicle drivers and to associate this with drink-driving behavior at a Traffic Department (DETRAN) station in Rio de Janeiro City. Data were collected in 2011 by applying the Alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) questionnaire, with additional drink-driving-related variables, to the 390 study participants, and tabulated using Epi-Info 2000 software. Analysis revealed a significant frequency of drivers classified by AUDIT as problematical drinkers, who reported drinking and driving, even after enactment of Law 11.705/08. This underlines the need to extend education and inspection with regard to drink-driving.


Estudio seccional que tuco como objetivo identificar el estándar de consumo de alcohol entre los conductores de vehículo automotor y asociar ese modelo de consumo de alcohol con el comportamiento de beber y conducir, en una unidad del Departamento de Tránsito (DETRAN) de la ciudad del Rio de Janeiro. Se recolectaron los datos a través del cuestionario Alcohol Use Disorders Indentification Test (AUDIT) añadiéndole variables sobre comportamiento de beber y conducir, 390 individuos han participado en la investigación. Los datos fueron tabulados por el software Epi-info 2000. A partir del análisis de los datos, se observó una frecuencia significativa de conductores de vehículo automotor clasificados como consumidores problemáticos de alcohol, según AUDIT, que afirmaron beber y conducir aún después de la implementación de la Ley 11.705/08. Eso refuerza la necesidad de ampliar las acciones educativas y fiscalizadoras sobre el acto de beber y conducir.


Subject(s)
Public Health Nursing , Accidents, Traffic , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Accident Prevention , Alcohol Drinking , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Recife; s.n; 2015. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-995391

ABSTRACT

Os Acidentes de Transporte Terrestre (ATT) são responsáveis pela morte de mais de um milhão de pessoas a cada ano em todo o mundo, além de produzirem grande número de feridos e portadores de sequelas permanentes. Diversos estudos apontam o consumo de bebida alcoólica como um dos principais fatores que contribuem para o acontecimento desses acidentes. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o impacto da lei seca nos acidentes de transporte com vítimas em Recife no período de 2007 a 2008. Este artigo expressa alguns pontos importantes que contribuem para a literatura já existente, tendo um diferencial no que se refere ao método: o estimador de diferença em diferenças. Em termos gerais, a dinâmica de consumo de álcool não se altera significantemente durante os dias úteis, mas sim durante os finais de semana em decorrência da lei. Observa-se que a lei reduz o número médio de acidentes no final de semana em -1.472 com relação aos dias úteis, sendo este um resultado estatisticamente significante. Além disto, ao incluirmos os demais controles, além do efeito fixo de mês, obtemos que o efeito médio estimado da lei é de -1.703 acidentes. Verifica-se que a contribuição do estudo para a literatura previamente existente é de extrema relevância, ficando evidente que são ainda insuficientes e escassos, com registro de estudos apenas descritivos. Diante do expostose faz necessário o investimento com a fiscalização para cumprimento dessa lei.(AU)


Accidents on Land Transport (ATT) are responsible for over one million deaths each year worldwide. They also produce large numbers of casualties and patients with permanent injuries. Several studies indicate the consumption of alcohol as a major factor contributing to the occurrence of such accidents. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of alcohol prohibition (lei Seca) on traffic accidents with victims in Recife during the years between 2007 and 2008. This article demonstrates some important points that contribute to the already existing literature especially regarding the type of method adopted, namely, Difference in differences. In general, the results found the dynamics of alcohol consumption do not change significantly during the weekdays, but they do change during weekends due to the law: lei seca. Therefore, the law reduces the average number of accidents over the weekend in -1472 relative to weekdays which is statistically significant. When we include other controls for exempla the fixed effects of month, we obtain that the estimated average effect of law is -1703 accidents. The contribution of the study to the previously existing literature is extremely important going beyond descriptive studies. Giving the method and the results obtained in this study it is extremely mandatory the spending public money on surveillance compliance with that law.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Alcohol-Induced Disorders , Driving Under the Influence/legislation & jurisprudence , Accident Prevention/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil
10.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(6): 1281-1292, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-718600

ABSTRACT

Los municipios de Guadalajara y Zapopan, Jalisco, México, han participado en los esfuerzos para reducir la incidencia de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito a lo largo de los años. Así, han sido partícipes de la Iniciativa Mexicana de Seguridad Vial desde 2008, y en septiembre de 2010 entró en vigor la reducción del límite legal de alcoholemia para conducir vehículos de motor. Con el fin de evaluar el impacto en el corto plazo de estas dos acciones en la ocurrencia de colisiones y lesiones, relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol, así como la gravedad de las mismas, se realizó un análisis secundario de las bases de datos oficiales de mortalidad, morbilidad y eventos viales. Se realizó un análisis de series de tiempo, con el objetivo de analizar la tendencia. Se observaron cambios significativos en el porcentaje mensual de muertes asociadas con alcohol y en la tasa de choques a partir de la aplicación de estas intervenciones. Se realizan diversas recomendaciones para mejorar la aplicación y resultados de esta reforma.


The municipalities of Guadalajara and Zapopan, Jalisco State, Mexico, have participated in efforts to reduce road traffic injuries. They have participated actively in the Mexican Road Safety Initiative since 2008. As a result, in September 2010 they passed laws to reduce the legal alcohol levels for driving motor vehicles. To assess the short-term impact of these measures on rates and severity of alcohol-related collisions and injuries, we conducted a secondary analysis of official databases on mortality, morbidity, and collisions. We performed a time-series analysis to assess the trend. Significant changes were observed in the monthly proportion of alcohol-related deaths and collision rates following these interventions. The article concludes with recommendations to improve the reform’s enforcement and results.


Os municípios de Guadalajara e Zapapan, Jalisco, México, têm particidado dos esforços para reduzir a incidência de lesões causadas pelo trânsito ao longo dos anos. Assim, têm participado da Iniciativa Mexicana de Seguridad Vial desde 2008, e em setembro de 2010 entrou em vigor a redução do limite legal de alcoolemia para condução de veículos automotores. Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto de curto prazo dessas ações na ocorrência de acidentes e lesões relacionados ao consumo de álcool, assim como a gravidade das mesmas, realizou-se análise de séries temporais, com dados secundários das bases de dados oficiais de mortalidade, morbidade e acidentes de trânsito, de modo a analisar a tendência destes. Observou-se alterações significativas no porcentual mensal de mortes associadas ao álcool e na taxa de acidentes a partir da implementação dessas intervenções. São apresentadas diversas recomendações para melhorar a aplicação e os resultados dessa reforma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Cities , Hospitalization , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Urban Population , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control
11.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(1): 11-15, Jan-Mar. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702631

ABSTRACT

Objective: In an attempt to reduce high levels of traffic crashes, a new legislation was approved in Brazil in 2008. This study aimed to assess behavioral change among drivers who had drunk at alcohol outlets (AO) after implementation of the law. Method: A three-stage probability sampling survey was conducted in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Individuals seen leaving AOs after drinking were approached (n=3,018). Selected drivers (n=683) answered a structured interview, were breathalyzed, and had saliva specimens collected for drug screening. Results: Overall, 60.3% (SE 4.5) of drivers reported they did not change their behavior. Among those who reported behavioral changes, most reported drinking less as their main strategy toward safer driving behavior. Variables independently associated with behavior change included having drunk at a high outlet density area (odds ratio [OR] 1.7 [1.1-2.8]) and having a favorable opinion about the law (OR 4.3 [2.1-8.9]). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that awareness of the law has not been enough to promote behavioral change. As most drivers had a favorable opinion of the law and this variable was found to be the strongest predictor of behavior change, efforts to better integrate education and enforcement seem to be pivotal and might be well received by the population. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Dangerous Behavior , Accidents, Traffic , Age Distribution , Brazil , Breath Tests , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Legislation as Topic , Logistic Models , Risk Factors , Saliva/chemistry , Socioeconomic Factors
12.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(1): 4-10, Jan-Mar. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702642

ABSTRACT

Objective: The connection between lower alcohol use and religiousness has been extensively examined. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed how religion and religiousness influence public policies. The present study seeks to understand the influence of religious beliefs on attitudes toward alcohol use. Methods: A door-to-door, nationwide, multistage population-based survey was carried out. Self-reported religiousness, religious attendance, and attitudes toward use of alcohol policies (such as approval of public health interventions, attitudes about drinking and driving, and attitudes toward other alcohol problems and their harmful effects) were examined. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for confounders and to assess explanatory variables. Results: The sample was composed of 3,007 participants; 57.3% were female and mean age was 35.7 years. Religiousness was generally associated with more negative attitudes toward alcohol, such as limiting hours of sale (p < 0.01), not having alcohol available in corner shops (p < 0.01), prohibiting alcohol advertisements on TV (p < 0.01), raising the legal drinking age (p < 0.01), and raising taxes on alcohol (p < 0.05). Higher religious attendance was associated with less alcohol problems (OR: 0.61, 95%CI 0.40-0.91, p = 0.017), and self-reported religiousness was associated with less harmful effects of drinking (OR: 0.61, 95%CI 0.43-0.88, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Those with high levels of religiousness support more restrictive alcohol policies. These findings corroborate previous studies showing that religious people consume less alcohol and have fewer alcohol-related problems. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Religion and Psychology , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Brazil , Health Policy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Report , Sex Factors , Social Support , Socioeconomic Factors
13.
West Indian med. j ; 62(7): 604-609, Sept. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045712

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Illegal drug use and abuse has increased in the Caribbean since the 1990s. In Grenada, statistical indicators such as admission rates to treatment facilities and drug arrests have provided evidence for the increased rates of illegal drug use and abuse. This study reviewed these statistical indicators and explored drug treatment options in Grenada from 2001 to 2009. METHODS: A search of statistical records from the Drug Control Secretariat and the Grenada Drug Information Network/National Observatory on Drugs (GRENDIN/NOD) was performed. Literature review of relevant articles from search engines was used to support findings. Additionally, semistructured interviews of key stakeholders from government and health agencies involved in drug prevention in Grenada were conducted to obtain information on recent developments surrounding drug arrests and treatments in Grenada. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2009, there were a 118% and a 23% increase in the arrest rate for males and females, respectively. There was also an increase in demand for drug treatment at the sole drug treatment facility. CONCLUSION: Preventive measures in schools and several forms of media programmes have raised awareness. However, drug use/abuse/activities still persist at a significant rate. Programmes that target improvement oftreatment facilities and increased inter-agency collaboration may be successful in enhancing drug arrests and treatments.


OBJETIVO: El uso y abuso de drogas ilegales ha aumentado en el Caribe desde la década de 1990. En Granada, los indicadores estadísticos tales como las tasas de ingreso a los centros de tratamiento de la drogadicción y los arrestos por drogas, han proporcionado evidencia del aumento de las tasas del uso y abuso de drogas ilegales. Este estudio examinó estos indicadores estadísticos, y exploró las opciones de tratamiento en Granada desde 2001 hasta 2009. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de registros estadísticos de la Secretaría de Control de Drogas, y la Red de Información de Drogas/Observatorio Nacional de Drogas de Granada (GRENDIN/NOD). Se utilizó una revisión de la literatura de los artículos pertinentes mediante los sistemas de búsqueda en internet para fundamentar los resultados. Además, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas de grupos claves de interés (stakeholders) del gobierno y las agencias de salud involucradas en la prevención de drogas en Granada, a fin de obtener información sobre los últimos acontecimientos en relación con los tratamientos de drogadicción y arrestos por drogas en Granada. RESULTADOS: De 2001 a 2009, se produjeron aumentos de 118% y 23% en la tasa de arrestos de hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. También hubo un aumento en la demanda de tratamiento por drogas en el único centro de tratamiento de la drogadicción. CONCLUSIÓN: Las medidas preventivas en las escuelas y varias formas de los programas de los medios masivos de comunicación han traído consigo una toma de conciencia. Sin embargo, el uso, abuso, y las actividades en relación con las drogas todavía persisten en una tasa significativa. Los programas dirigidos a la mejora de los centros para el tratamiento de la drogadicción y una mayor colaboración interinstitucional pueden contribuir a mejorar con éxito el problema de los arrestos por drogas y los tratamientos de drogadicción.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Marijuana Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence , Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/statistics & numerical data , Grenada/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
14.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 22(1): 121-128, jan.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-671129

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever a frequência do uso de bebida alcoólica entre condutores de veículos automotores abordados pela Operação Lei Seca na cidade do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil, e conhecer a opinião deles sobre a operação. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado entre julho e agosto de 2010, com amostra não probabilística de 362 condutores que responderam a um questionário com informações sociodemográficas sobre uso de bebida alcoólica e opinião sobre a Operação Lei Seca, além de submeterem-se ao teste do etilômetro. Resultados: 90 por cento dos condutores da amostra ficaram satisfeitos com a abordagem, afirmando acreditar que a Operação Lei Seca contribui para a Segurança Pública; 3,1 por cento daqueles submetidos ao teste do etilômetro apresentaram resultado positivo, todos do sexo masculino. Conclusão: a frequência de consumo de bebida alcoólica antes da condução de veículos automotores foi baixa e as ações de fiscalização da Operação Lei Seca podem ter contribuído para isso.


Objective: to describe the frequency of alcohol use among motor vehicle drivers stopped by Operation Dry Law in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to learn their opinions about it. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted between July and August 2010 with a non-probabilistic sample of 362 drivers who answered a socio-demographic questionnaire about alcohol use and opinions about Operation Dry Law, as well as undergoing a breathalyzer test. Results: 90 per cent of drivers in the sample were satisfied with the law enforcement approach, stating they believed that Operation Dry Law contributes to public safety. 3.1 per cent of those undergoing breathalyzer tested positive, all of whom were males. Conclusion: the frequency of alcohol consumption prior to driving motor vehicles was low. Operation Dry Law enforcement actions may have contributed to this.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Accident Prevention , Automobile Driving , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 58(6): 685-690, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-659817

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar aglomerados espaciais de microrregiões segundo taxas de óbito por acidentes de trânsito, no Estado de São Paulo, 1 ano antes e 1 ano após a Lei Seca. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico e exploratório, no período de 2007 e 2009, em 63 microrregiões do Estado de SP, Brasil. Utilizaram-se ferramentas de geoprocessamento com dados do DATASUS; analisando óbitos decorrentes de acidentes de trânsito em taxas por 100 mil habitantes, construindo coropletes. Nova estatística foi obtida subtraindo-se a taxa de 2009 de 2007, observando regiões de melhora ou piora. RESULTADOS: Em 2007, ocorreram 5.204 óbitos, com média de 83 óbitos/microrregião, variando entre 1 e 1.440. Já 2009 obteve 5.065 óbitos com a média de 80 óbitos/microrregião, variando entre 1 e 1.453. O coeficiente de Moran em 2007 foi I = 0,09 (p = 0,04) com correlação espacial positiva e 2009 obteve I = 0,04 (p = 0,16), sem correlação. A diferença entre as taxas obteve I = 0,23 (p = 0, 007), indicando associação espacial. Em 2007, Presidente Prudente, Rio Claro, Campinas, Bragança Paulista, Osasco e São Paulo tiveram altas taxas de óbito. Dessas regiões citadas, somente Osasco não se destacou em 2009. Ribeirão Preto, Ourinhos e Avaré obtiveram piora em 2009. A diferença entre as taxas de 2009 e 2007 mostrou que Amparo, Bragança Paulista e Campinas tiveram melhora, e Presidente Prudente e Ourinhos apresentaram piora. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível identificar os locais com as maiores taxas de mortalidade, apontando locais onde as ações de fiscalização devem ser revisadas.


OBJECTIVE: To identify special micro-region clusters according to mortality rates resulting from traffic accident in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the period of one year before and one year after the enactment of the Brazilian Drinking and Driving Law. METHODS: Ecological and exploratory study in the period of 2007 and 2009 in 63 micro-regions of the state of São Paulo. Geoprocessing tools were used with data from DATASUS (Database of the Brazilian Unified Health System), in order to analyze deaths resulting from traffic accidents at rates per 100,000 inhabitants and to build choropleth maps. New statistics were obtained by subtracting the 2009 rate from the 2007 rate, and regions with improvement or deterioration were observed. RESULTS: In 2007, there were 5,204 deaths, averaging 83 deaths/micro-region, and ranging from 1 to 1,440. In 2009, there were 5,065 deaths, averaging 80 deaths/micro-region, and ranging from 1 to 1453. In 2007, the Moran's coefficient was I = 0.09 (p = 0.04), with positive spatial correlation; in 2009, the coefficient was I = 0.04 (p = 0.16), with no correlation. The difference between rates was I = 0.23 (p = 0.007), indicating spatial association. In 2007, Presidente Prudente, Rio Claro, Campinas, Bragança Paulista, Osasco, and São Paulo presented high mortality rates. Of these regions, only Osasco did not stand out in 2009. Ribeirão Preto, Ourinhos, and Avaré deteriorated in 2009. The difference between the 2009 and 2007 rates showed that Amparo, Bragança Paulista, and Campinas improved, and that Presidente Prudente and Ourinhos deteriorated. CONCLUSION: It was possible to identify the places with higher mortality rates, pointing out locations where enforcement actions should be reviewed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Alcohol Drinking/mortality , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Spatial Analysis , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Breath Tests , Brazil/epidemiology , Space-Time Clustering , Urban Population
17.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 34(3): 277-285, Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656146

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequency of positive Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) among drivers and to examine associated factors in a cross-sectional study of Brazilian state capitals. METHODS: 3,398 drivers were approached on highways crossing all 27 Brazilian capitals from 12 p.m. to 12 a.m. (Fridays and Saturdays). They were breathalyzed and data on their driving characteristics and alcohol consumption were collected. Multivariate logistic regression following a hierarchical conceptual framework was used to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The overall weighted prevalence of positive BAC (> 0.1 mg/L) was 4.2%. The multivariate analysis showed that education up to 8 years (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-3.0), age > 30 years (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.8), type of vehicle (cars: OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.1; motorcycles: OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.1-6.4), binge drinking (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), having been breathalyzed before (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.7), and purpose of the trip (coming from a party: OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3.0; leisure trip: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.32.4; driving after 8 p.m.: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.3) were independently associated with DUI. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that selected external environmental factors, such as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as personal characteristics like alcohol consumption and the relationship between drinking and driving were associated with positive BAC among Brazilian drivers. Results can help to inform drinking and driving policy and preventive approaches.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência de alcoolemia positiva entre os motoristas e examinar fatores associados em um estudo transversal nas capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: 3.398 motoristas foram abordados em rodovias que atravessam todas as 27 capitais brasileiras nos horários entre 12:00 e 00:00 (sextas e sábados). Eles realizaram o teste do etilômetro e foram coletados dados sobre suas características de condução e consumo de álcool. Para avaliar os fatores associados, foi realizada uma regressão logística multivariável seguindo um quadro conceitual hierárquico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de alcoolemia positiva (> 0,1 mg/L) foi de 4,2%. A regressão logística múltipla mostrou que educação (até 8 anos de estudo: OR = 2,0; IC 95%: 1,4-3,0), idade (> 30 anos: OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,8), tipo de veículo (dirigir um carro: OR = 3,0; IC 95%: 1,7-5,1; conduzir uma motocicleta: OR = 3,7; IC 95%: 2,1-6,4), consumo excessivo de álcool (OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,4), ter realizado o teste do etilômetro anteriormente (OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,7), e a finalidade da viagem (retorno de uma festa: OR = 1,9; IC 95%:1,3-3,0; viagem de lazer: OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,4; e estar dirigindo após as 20 horas: OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,3) foram independentemente associados com o dirigir sob influência de álcool. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que fatores ambientais externos selecionados, tais como características socioeconômicas e demográficas, bem como características pessoais, como o consumo de álcool e comportamento em relação a beber e dirigir, foram associados com alcoolemia positiva entre os motoristas brasileiros. Os resultados podem ajudar a orientar políticas em relação a beber e dirigir e abordagens preventivas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Alcoholic Intoxication/blood , Automobile Driving , Accidents, Traffic/trends , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 22(3)set. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-698442

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar acidentados de trânsito no período de 19 de junho de 2007 a 18 de junho de 2008 com os de 19 de junho de 2008 a 18 de junho de 2009 (um ano antes e após a ?Lei Seca?). O estudo teve desenho híbrido tipo retrospectivo da prevalência, realizado a partir de prontuários de serviço de atendimento a urgências e emergências. A população de interesse se compôs das vítimas de acidente de trânsito que procuraram o serviço naquele período. A proporção de acidentes cresceu significantemente após a implantação da lei. Os registros de possível consumo prévio de bebidas alcoólicas não se alteraram. Observou-se diminuição dos acidentes urbanos e das vítimas residentes no município sede do serviço. Houve crescimento da demanda de motociclistas, de ocupantes de veículos, de pedestres e decréscimo dos ciclistas. As variáveis gênero, faixa etária, dia da semana e horário de ocorrência não apresentaram diferenças entre antes e depois. Lesões múltiplas sofreram incremento e as dos membros inferiores decresceram. Não se detectou impacto da nova legislação na diminuição do número de acidentes relacionados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas ou o decréscimo da demanda ao serviço...


This study aimed to compare the traffic victims in the period from 19 July 2007 to 19 June 2008 with those that were involved in traffic accidents from 19 June 2008 through 18 June 2009, i.e. one year before and one year after the ?Brazilian Dry Law?. The study built on a hybrid, retrospective design to tap into the issue prevalence based on the urgency and emergency reports. The target population comprised traffic victims that needed urgency or emergency care in the aforementioned period. The proportion of accidents increased significantly after the law implementation. The reports of patients? probable consumption of alcohol did not change. The number of urban accidents and the victims living in the municipality of the health care center decreased. The care demand increased among motor drivers, vehicle passengers, and pedestrians, but decreased among cyclists. The variables gender, age group, week day, and occurrence were not different between the two periods. There was an increase of multiple lesions, but the lesions in the lower limbs decreased. The new law did not have any impact in terms of either decreasing the number of accidents related with alcohol consumption or decreasing health care demand...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic/legislation & jurisprudence , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Wounds and Injuries , Retrospective Studies
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(7): 939-945, jul. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656369

ABSTRACT

Background: Chile has recently entered into force Act No. 20.580, which modifies the legal limits of blood alcohol concentration in drivers and increases the penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol, narcotics or psychotropic substances. The aim of this review was to give an account of the strengths of this new law but, at the same time, to alert the scientific and legal community about its flaws. We also present some shortcomings of Chilean regulatory framework that remain uncorrected, those that should be considered in the design of public policies for improving road safety and the criteria that judges should ponder during judgment, to determine either conviction or acquittal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Breath Tests , Chile , Ethanol/blood
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