ABSTRACT
Este artículo es un trabajo de investigación etnográfica en el campo sanitario. Sus objetivos son reconstruir trayectorias de personas con trastornos mentales y de comportamiento por uso de alcohol y visibilizar representaciones y prácticas en los tratamientos brindados en el Hospital Vilardebó (Uruguay), en torno a dichos itinerarios. Las narrativas de los pacientes estudiados dan cuenta de una ruptura biográfica ocurrida mayoritariamente en la adolescencia, cuando comienza un consumo problemático de alcohol que lleva a una reorganización de la identidad social de orden simbólico; refirieren también, la mayoría de ellos, estar disconformes con la asistencia que se les brinda, y reclaman ser más escuchados. Por otra parte, en lo referente a las representaciones formuladas por los funcionarios entrevistados, a mayor formación y experiencia de ejercicio profesional, hay mayores críticas a la atención que se brinda a estos usuarios. De ahí que la confluencia de Antropología y Salud, ensamblando cultura y cuidado, permite integrar a las dimensiones físicas los aspectos emocionales, familiares, culturales y sociales.
This article is carries out ethnographic research in the sanitary field. Its objectives are to reconstruct the trajectories of people with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use and to make visible representations and practices in treatments provided at Hospital Vilardebó (Uruguay). Patients' narratives show a biographical rupture occurring mainly during adolescence. Problematic alcohol use begins soon after, leading to a reorganization of symbolic social identity. Most patients are not satisfied with care provided, and demand to be listened to more extensively. As for health care workers' representations, the greater the training and professional expertise, the greater the criticism of provided care. Hence, the confluence of Anthropology and Health, combining culture and care, makes possible the emotional, family, cultural and social aspects to be integrated into the physical ones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Health Personnel/psychology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology , Mentally Ill Persons/psychology , Mental Health Assistance , Alcoholics/psychology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/ethnology , Qualitative Research , Anthropology, MedicalABSTRACT
A number of studies have shown variations in the rate of alcohol and substance use disorders among different populations, but no study till now focused on such a variation in Iraq. The present study aimed to examine variations in the rate of alcohol and substance use disorders among journalists and some other residents in Erbil city. 200 journalists and 486 other professionals were interviewed between the period of September to November 2008 by a structured interview [M.I.N.I.] for the detection of alcohol and substance use disorders. among the journalists, 34.5% were alcohol dependents, 7.5% were alcohol abusers, 1% were substance dependent, and another 1% were substance abusers. Among the non-journalists, 7.6% were alcohol dependents, 2.26% were alcohol abusers, 1.44% were substance dependents, and 1.02% were substance abusers. Most of the substances, other than alcohol, used by both groups were the prescription pills. 50% of journalists and 75% of non-journalists, who were either substance dependents or abusers, were alcohol dependents or abusers at the same time. Male gender and those who achieve higher educational levels were more affected in both groups. The present study concluded that occupation is an important determinant for alcohol and substance use disorders in Iraq. Working as a journalist, is a risk factor particularly for alcohol dependence. Gender is an important determinant within each occupation as well