Informe diário de evidências COVID-19: busca realizada em 23 de julho de 2020 / COVID-19 daily evidence report: search conducted on July 23, 2020

O Informe Diário de Evidências é uma produção do Ministério da Saúde que tem como objetivo acompanhar diariamente as publicações científicas sobre tratamento farmacológico e vacinas para a COVID-19. Dessa forma, são realizadas buscas estruturadas em bases de dados biomédicas, referentes ao dia anterior desse informe. Não são incluídos estudos pré-clínicos (in vitro, in vivo, in silico). A frequência dos estudos é demonstrada de acordo com a sua classificação metodológica (revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, coortes, entre outros). Para cada estudo é apresentado um resumo com avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Essa avaliação tem por finalidade identificar o grau de certeza/confiança ou o risco de viés de cada estudo. Para tal, são utilizadas ferramentas já validadas e consagradas na literatura científica, na área de saúde baseada em evidências. Cabe ressaltar que o documento tem caráter informativo e não representa uma recomendação oficial do Ministério da Saúde sobre a temática. Foram encontrados 21 artigos e 8 protocolos.

Informe diário de evidências COVID-19: busca realizada em 9 de junho de 2020 / COVID-19 daily evidence report: search conducted on June 9, 2020

O Informe Diário de Evidências é uma produção do Ministério da Saúde que tem como objetivo acompanhar diariamente as publicações científicas sobre tratamento farmacológico e vacinas para a COVID-19. Dessa forma, são realizadas buscas estruturadas em bases de dados biomédicas, referente ao dia anterior desse informe. Não são incluídos estudos pré-clínicos (in vitro, in vivo, in silico). A frequência dos estudos é demonstrada de acordo com a sua classificação metodológica (revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, coortes, entre outros). Para cada estudo é apresentado um resumo com avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Essa avaliação tem por finalidade identificar o grau de certeza/confiança ou o risco de viés de cada estudo. Para tal, são utilizadas ferramentas já validadas e consagradas na literatura científica, na área de saúde baseada em evidências. Cabe ressaltar que o documento tem caráter informativo e não representa uma recomendação oficial do Ministério da Saúde sobre a temática. Foram encontrados 14 artigos e 16 protocolos.

Clinical research of effect of Yishen Yangnao capsule on vascular dementia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find a good way to diagnose VD, value the effect of Yishen Yangnao capsule on VD and try to find some rules of changes in Chinese medicine syndromes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Patients were randomly divided into treating group and western medicine comparison group. It's the phase III clinical research of Rishen Yangnao capsule curing VD, judging the validity and security of it, using dukexi slice as comparison drug. Some of the patients did the examination of P300.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total validity of Yishen Yangnao capsule is 56.3% (contract team is 60.0%). The improve rate of ADL is 0.1069% (contract team is 0.1134%). The scores of Chinese medicine syndrome descend.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yishen Yangnao capsule has the same effect as dukexi slice in curing VD at the side of intelligence situation and life ability.</p>

The Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: from a Bedside to a Bench / 대한구급학회지

Because inhaled nitric oxide (NO) induces selective vasodilation of well-ventilated lung regions diverting pulmonary artery blood flow towards these well-ventilated alveoli, it has been applied to some of ARDS patients, who show severe hypoxemia despite of positive pressure ventilation with moderate to high positive end-expiratory pressure. The beneficial effect of inhaled NO on oxygenation was lower than 5 ppm of inhaled NO and the maximum effect was about 10 ppm in patients with ARDS according to the studies. Combinations of inhaled NO with various therapies, such as the use of intravenous almitrine or phenylephrine, and prone positioning may produce additive effects on oxygenation. Approximately 65% of patients had response to inhaled NO in studies of critically ill patients with ARDS who were ventilated with less than 40 ppm of inhaled NO. However, there was no survival benefit by inhaled NO in a multicenter phase 2 trial with 177 patients of non-septic ARDS. It is unclear whether inhaled NO exerts detrimental or beneficial effects in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Laboratory studies suggest that inhaled NO has important effects in reducing some forms of lung and tissue injury. If these effects are clinically significant, early and continued therapy with inhaled NO could potentially reduce the severity of some forms of lung injury. In contrast, NO and nitrite interacted with neutrophil myeloperoxidase to stimulate oxidative reactions during inflammation. In summary, NO inhalation would be acceptable as a rescue therapy in severe ARDS without serious complications related to the application. In addition, the effect of inhaled NO on the pathophysiology of ARDS should be elucidated.

Effects of almitrine on the ventilatory control, breathing pattern and maximal exercise tolerance in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Almitrine bismesylate improves arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but side effects such as increase of ventilatory drive and dyspnea have been reported in some studies. We studied 18 COPD patients (mean age=59.1 years; mean FEV1=0.921; mean PaO2=58.6mmHg) in a double-blind randomized study using placebo or almitrine 50 mh twice a day by mouth, for 60 days. In contrast to the placebo group, 40 per cent of the patients in the almitrine group presented a significant increase in PaO2 and a decrease in P(A-a))2>=5mmHg during submaximal exercise after 60 days of treatment. Ventilatory drive and the breathing pattern were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise. Both goups showed high levels of ventilatory drive and atachypneic breathing pattern before drug tratment and no modification was found 30 and 60 days after treatment. Metabolis, cardiovascular and ventilatory variables were studied during an incremental to maximum exercise symptom-limited test (cycloergometry). Maximal VO2 ranged from 46 to 52 per cent and heart rate from 76 to 78 per cent in relation to the predicted values. The percent ratio of ventilation at maximal exercise to maximal voluntary ventilation at rest ranged from 86 to 94 per cent. These results show that the reduction of ventilatory capacity was the main factor decreasing the aerobic performance of our COPD patients. Maximal exercise tolerance (VO2 max) did not change after almitrine treatment. Negative factors like an increase in neuromuscular drive did not occur, and positive factors like an increase in PaO2 and oxygen transport had no critical influence on exercise performance in our ventilatory-limited COPD patients.

Tratamento da síndrome do desconforto respiratório do adulto / Management of the adult respiratory distress syndromes

Esta revisäo sobre o tratamento da síndrome do desconforto respiratório do adulto visa discutir alguns tópicos de maior relevância, baseando-se nos mecanismos atogenéticos de lesäo pulmonar e na necessidade de se fornecer uma quantidade adequada de oxigênio para os tecidos. Assim, discutimos o tratamento, como podemos manter a oferta tecidual de oxigênio (através da manipulaçäo da volemia, do uso de drogas vasoativas, da concentraçäo de hemoglobina e de sua saturaçäo pelo oxigênio), o uso de droga que atuam nas trocas gasosas (como o surfactante e a almitrina), drogas que bloqueiam o mecanismo de lesäo da membrana alvéolo-capilar (como os coricóides, a prostaglandina E1 e a pentoxifilina) e ainda medidas importantes na profilaxia de complicaçöes pulmonares e da falência de múltiplos órgäos (prevençäo de infecçöes, o estado nutricional e o desenvolvimento de fibrose pulmonar reparadora)

O bismesilato de almitrina melhora as trocas gasosas em cäes normais hipoventilados sob ventilaçäo controlada / Almitrine bismesylate improves gas exchange in hypoventilated normal dogs under controlled ventilation

Este estudo teve como principal objetivo testar a açäo de pequenas doses de bismesilato de almitrina (0,004 mg/kg peso corpóreo/min) sobre os gases arteriais e sobre as circulaçöes pulmonar e sistêmica sob ventilaçäo mecânica controlada. Cinco grupos de sete cäes cada um foram estudados curarizdos sob ventilaçäo mecânica controlada de maneira dupla cega: normoventilaçäo + placebo (NP); hipoventilaçäo + placebo (HP); normoventilaçäo + almitrina (NA); hipoventilaçäo + almitrina (HA); e hipoventilaçäo + hipoxemia + almitrina (HHA). Os resultados näo mostraram variaçöes significantes das trocas gasosas e variáveis hemodinâmicas em todos os grupos, exceto no HHA. Nesse grupo, durante infusäo de bismesilato de almitrina, apesar de näo haver variaçäo na ventilaçäo pulmonar, a PaO2 aumentou de 38,1 mmHg para 50,2 mmHg, a PaCO23 decresceu de 65,6 mmHg para 57,8 mmHg e com variaçäo significante da razäo PaO2/PAO2 de 0,60 para 0,69. Dessa maneira, concluímos que a droga melhorou a gasometria arterial, sem qualquer variaçäo pulmonar, em condiçöes de hipoxemia e hipercapnia acentuada

Correlation between arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide levels and response to almitrine bismesylate in normal dogs

The objectives of this study were: 1) to test the action of small doses of almitrine bismesylate (0.004 mg/Kg body weight/min) on the arterial blood gases and on pulmonary and systemic circulation during hypoventilation under controlled mechanical ventilation; and 2) to investigate possible correlations between arterial blood. O2 and CO3 levels and the response to the drug. Twenty one dogs divided into two groups were studied under controlled ventilation in a double-blind fashion: hypoventilation + placebo (HP) (seven dogs); hypoventilation + almitrine (HA) (fourteen dogs). The results showed no significant variations of the gas ex-change and hemodynamic varibles in the HP group. In the HP group, during almitrine bismesylate infusion, despite the lack of variation in the pulmonary ventilation, the PaO2 increased from 46.1 torr to 51.7 torr, the PaCO2 decreased from 61.9 torr to 57.7 torr. There were no significant variations of hemodynamic variables in the HA group. Thus we conclude that the drug improved arterial blood gases (PaO2 increased) with small increase in alveolar ventilation (PaCO2 decreased) despite the lack of changes in pulmonary ventilation, and that the drug has action on the arterial PO2 potentiated by hypoxemia and hypercapnia