ABSTRACT
Abstract The etiopathogenesis of female pattern hair loss is still poorly understood. In addition to genetic and hormonal elements, environmental factors could be involved. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is expressed in keratinocytes and can be activated by environmental pollutants leading to alterations in the cell cycle, inflammation, and apoptosis. Here we demonstrate the overexpression of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptors in miniaturized hair follicles in female pattern hair loss.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism , Hair Follicle/metabolism , Alopecia/metabolism , Up-Regulation , Hair Follicle/pathology , Hair Follicle/chemistry , Alopecia/pathologyABSTRACT
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a "multispeciality" disorder suspected in patients with irregular menses and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne, seborrhoea, hirsutism, irregular menses, infertility, and alopecia. Recently, PCOS has been associated with the metabolic syndrome. Patients may develop obesity, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, hypertension, non-alcoholic liver disease, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Good clinical examination with hematological and radiological investigations is required for clinical evaluation. Management is a combined effort involving a dermatologist, endocrinologist, gynecologist, and nutritionist. Morbidity in addition includes a low "self image" and poor quality of life. Long term medications and lifestyle changes are essential for a successful outcome. This article focuses on understanding the normal and abnormal endocrine functions involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Proper diagnosis and management of the patient is discussed.
Subject(s)
Alopecia/etiology , Alopecia/metabolism , Alopecia/therapy , Female , Humans , Hyperandrogenism/etiology , Hyperandrogenism/metabolism , Hyperandrogenism/therapy , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/therapyABSTRACT
A alopecia Androgênica (AAG) representa a queixa de um número crescente de pacientes que procuram o consultório do dermatologista, principalmente do sexo feminino. Dada a sua importância médica e/ou estética, neste trabalho säo apresentados os conceitos atuais sobre a etiologia envolvendo os fatores genéticos e hormonais, como também a correlaçäo entre a etiopatogenia, a clínica, o diagnóstico laboratorial e o tratamento com as respectivas diferenças, tanto no homem como na mulher