Investigation of the parasitoid Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in the municipality of Salto, São Paulo, Brazil

The presence of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in urban and periurban areas has caused increased numbers of cases of Brazilian spotted fever. With the aim of investigating the presence of the parasitoid Ixodiphagus hookeri in Amblyomma sculptum ticks in the municipality of Salto, state of São Paulo, samples were collected monthly from 14 sites. Thirty samples were placed in containers for observation of the emergence of microhymenopterans and 88 samples were subjected to molecular testing to identify the presence of I. hookeri DNA. Neither dissections nor observation of emergence indicated any presence of I. hookeri larvae in ticks. Samples subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mCOX I region of I. hookeri did not reveal its presence, although fragments corresponding to mRNA 16S of Amblyomma sculptum ticks were amplified in all samples tested.

Parâmetros biológicos do estágio larval de Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: lxodidae) em coelhos / Biological parameters of the larval stage of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: lxodidae) in rabbits

Objetivando maiores informações sobre as fases parasitária e não parasitária do Amblyomma cajennense; foram coletadas 473 fêmeas ingurgitadas provenientes de eqüinos. As fêmeas ingurgitadas pesavam, em média, 601,96 ± 161 ,01 mg e realizaram posturas entre 100 e 444 mg, com média de 286,36 ± 91 ,85 mg. A fase não parasitária foi avaliada sob condições controladas de laboratório (temperatura de 27°C, umidade relativa do ar superior a 70% e 12 h de fotofase). Para cada 1g de fêmeas ingurgitadas correponderam 507,88 ± 88,61 mg de postura. O período de pré-oviposição oscilou entre 4 e 7 dias, com média de 5,30 ± 1,02 dias; a incubação dos ovos foi realizada em média em 33,04 ± 1,69 dias e o período de pré-eclosão foi de 37,94 ± 1,48 dias. A fase parasitária foi acompanhada a partir de infestações experimentais em coelhos, utilizando-se larvas de 3 a 18 dias de idade, provenientes das posturas das fêmeas coletadas. O ingurgitamento larval foi realizado entre 4 e 6 dias, com média de 5 dias. O período compreendido entre o desprendimento da metalarva e o término da ecdise larva/ninfa foi de 11 ,29 ± 1,19 dias e não foi afetado nem pelo sexo nem pela cor da pelagem do coelho utilizado para ingurgitamento larval. Do total de metalarvas obtidas, 95% completaram a ecdise.

In an attempt to obtain further information on both parasitic and non-parasitic phases of Amblyomma cajennense, 473 engorged te males from horses were collected. Females weighed 601.96 ± 161.01 mg on the average and made oviposition between 100 and 444 mg, with an average of 286.36 ± 91.85 mg. Non-parasitic phase was assessed under laboratory conditions (27°C temperatura, relativa air humidity above 70% and 12 hr photophase exposition). For 1g females there was a correspondence of 507.88 ± 88.61 mg oviposition. Preoviposition period ranged from 4 to 7 days, with an average of 5.30 ± 1.02 days; egg incubation was made in 33.04 ± 1.69 days on the average, and the pre-eclosion period was 37.94 ± 1.48 days. Parasitic phase was followed on the basis of experimental infestations in rabbits, using 3 to 18 day larvae from the oviposition of collected females. Larval ingurgitation was observed between 4 and 6 days with an average of 5 days. The period extending between loosening of metalarva and completion of larva/nymph ecdisis was 11.29 ± 1.19. This period was not affected by sex or hair colar of rabbit used for larvae ingurgitation. Out of the total of metalarvae obtained, 95% completed ecdisis.