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1.
Chinese journal of integrative medicine ; (12): 665-672, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982303

ABSTRACT

With the proliferation of synthetic drugs, research on the mechanism of action of addictive drugs and treatment methods is of great significance. Among them, methamphetamine (METH) is the most representative amphetamine synthetic drug, and the treatment of METH addiction has become an urgent medical and social problem. In recent years, the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines on METH addiction have gained widespread attention because of their non-addictiveness, multiple targets, low side effects, low cost, and other characteristics. Previous studies have identified a variety of Chinese herbal medicines with effects on METH addiction. Based on the research on METH in recent years, this article summarizes the mechanism of action of METH as the starting point and briefly reviews the Chinese herbal medicine-based treatment of METH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Methamphetamine/adverse effects , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy , Amphetamine-Related Disorders/drug therapy
3.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 48(3): 17-24, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-658452

ABSTRACT

A sonolência excessiva diurna (SED) é uma queixa prevalente e com grande impacto na qualidade de vida e na produtividade laborativa, além de trazer potenciais riscos de acidentes individuais e populacionais. Pacientes com doenças neurológicas, psiquiátricas, clínicas, além das próprias doenças do sono, com frequência se queixam de SED, cansaço e fadiga. O reconhecimento e o pronto tratamento desses sintomas e suas causas é importante. A abordagem pode ser farmacológica, não-farmacológica ou ambas. O acompanhamento deve ser criterioso e deve estimular a aderência, para que as melhorias na SED sejam de longo prazo.


Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common and prevalent complaint with a great impact in quality of life and labor productivity, thus increasing potential life-threatening situations for the patient itself and the population. Patients with neurological, psychiatric, clinical disorders besides primary sleep disorders often complain of EDS, tiredness and fatigue. The recognition and prompt treatment of these symptoms and their causes are important. The approach can be pharmacological, non-pharmacological or both. Monitoring must be careful and should encourage adherence for improvements in EDS are long term.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/diagnosis , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/drug therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Polysomnography/methods , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm , Fatigue/psychology , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use
4.
Medwave ; 12(8)sept. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-684303

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) dispone de tratamiento farmacológico con psicoestimulantes, siendo el metilfenidato es de mayor uso; sin embargo, también se dispone de anfetaminas, de aquí la importancia de conocer tanto su efectividad como su seguridad. Objetivo: identificar, sintetizar y evaluar la mejor evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad y seguridad de la anfetamina en el TDAH en la población de 6 a 19 años. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios de intervenciones que evaluaron efectividad comparada entre anfetamina y metilfenidato, que se midió en términos de funcionamiento educacional, funcionamiento psicosocial, calidad de vida y efectos adversos. Se usaron las bases de datos hasta febrero de 2012 en inglés y castellano: PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, DARE y National Guideline Clearinghouse. Los artículos que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión fueron evaluados por dos investigadores en forma independiente. Resultados: de los 114 estudios encontrados inicialmente, se incluyeron 4, entre ellos una revisión sistemática, un artículo primario y 2 guías clínicas. Conclusiones: la evidencia científica disponible sobre la anfetamina para el tratamiento del TDAH la recomienda como alternativa al MPH. Son necesarios más estudios de calidad.


Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug treatment is based on psychostimulants, and methylphenidate is still the most widely used one. Other psychostimulants used include amphetamines, hence the importance of knowing both its effectiveness and safety. Purpose: To identify, synthesize and evaluate the best available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of amphetamine in ADHD in the 6-19 year-old population. Methods: A systematic review of studies that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions comparing amphetamine to methylphenidate was conducted. The outcomes measured were educational performance, psychosocial functioning, quality of life and adverse effects. The following databases were searched up to February 2012 in English and Spanish: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, DARE and National Guideline Clearinghouse. The articles that met inclusion criteria were assessed by two researchers independently. Results: Of the 114 studies found initially, four were included, among which a systematic review, a primary article and two clinical guidelines. Conclusions: The evidence on amphetamine for ADHD treatment recommends its use as an alternative to MPH. Further good-quality studies are needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Safety , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 49(3): 258-264, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608778

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los psicoestimulantes son medicamentos de primera línea en el tratamiento del síndrome por déficit atencional (TDA). Su indicación en menores varía según edad y sexo. Existen pocos datos a nivel nacional de frecuencia de uso de psicoestimulantes en niños y no hay datos en nuestra región. Objetivo: Estudiar la frecuencia de uso de psicoestimulantes en escolares de primero a sexto básico en Talca y los factores asociados a su uso. Material y Método: Estudio de corte de alumnos entre primero y sexto básico provenientes de establecimientos educacionales del radio urbano de Talca, estratificados según nivel socioeconómico. Se obtuvo lista con sexo y edad de los alumnos desde la dirección de cada establecimiento. La información acerca de la prescripción de psicoestimulantes fue proporcionada por el profesor jefe o encargado de educación diferencial. Resultados: De una muestra de 2.905 niños, el 1,76 por ciento utilizaba psicoestimulantes, 0,96 por ciento, metilfenidato y 0,76 por ciento, anfetaminas. La probabilidad de consumo de psicoestimulantes fue mayor en varones (OR = 5,8; 95 por ciento, IC: 2,6-13,2), alumnos de cuarto básico (OR = 2,3; 95 por ciento, IC: 1,26-4,15) y de 11 años de edad (OR = 2,4; 95 por ciento, IC: 1,35-4,43). En el nivel socioeconómico alto se registró el mayor consumo de metilfenidato (p = 0,0495) y en el medio bajo la mayor utilización de anfetaminas (p = 0,0014). Discusión: La frecuencia de uso de psicoestimulantes en Talca es baja en relación a la encontrada en otras regiones del país. La frecuencia y tipo de fármaco utilizado en el tratamiento del TDA, se asocia con la edad, el sexo y el nivel socioeconómico de los alumnos.


Background: Stimulant drugs are frequently prescribed in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. Drug prescription is associated with children's age and gender. Chile has few reports of Stimulant drugs prescription and there are no records in our region. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Stimulant drugs intake in schoolchildren from first to sixth grade in Talca. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study in schoolchildren attending first to sixth grade at urban schools in Talca was performed. The schools were stratified according to socioeconomic status. A list with sex and age of the children was obtained from the headmaster of each school. The information about stimulant drugs prescription was provided by the class teacher or the person in charge of special education. Results: We studied 2,905 children, 1.76 percent of them were under stimulant drugs, 0.96 percent took methylphenidate and 0.76 percent took dexamphetamine. Administration of ADHD drugs was higher in boys than in girls (OR = 5.8; 95 percent IC: 1.35-4.43), in fourth grade students (OR = 2.3; 95 percent, IC: 1.26-4.15) and in 11-year-old children (OR = 2,4; 95 percent, IC: 1,35-4,43). Intake of methylphenidate was higher in the highest socioeconomic status (p = 0.0496), while the highest intake of dexamphetamine was found in the lowest socioeconomic status (p = 0.0014). Discussion: The use of stimulant drugs medication is low in Talca compared to national records. The prescription of these drugs is related to the age, sex of the students while the kind of drug prescribed was related to the socioeconomic status of the child.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Students , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Chile , Drug Prescriptions , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Area
6.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 34(2): 39-42, mar.-abr. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-220857

ABSTRACT

O tratamento da narcolepsia visa seus dois sintomas principais, a sonolência excessiva diurna e a cataplexia. A primeira é usualmente controlada com anfetmina, metilfenidato e pemoline. Mais recentemente, inibidores da MAO, e principalmente os inibidores seletivos de MAO-A e B têm mostrado resultados promissores, com a selegilina. Modafinil, um estimulante alfa-1-adrenérgico tem também evidenciado bons resultados. A cataplexia, por sua vez, é geralmente tratada com antidepressivos tricíclicos. Dentre as novas drogas, sem efeito colateral antropínico, temos o hidrocloreto de viloxazina, um bloqueador de recaptaçäo da noradrenalina


Subject(s)
Humans , Amphetamine , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Cataplexy/drug therapy , Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy , Methylphenidate , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Narcolepsy/drug therapy , Pemoline , Pemoline/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Selegiline , Selegiline/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 17(4): 274-86, nov. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-68621

ABSTRACT

Se revisa la literatura acerca del tratamiento farmacologico del transtorno del deficit de la atencion. Pocas modificaciones importantes se han realizado durante los ultimos 10 anos. Los estimulantes son efectivos en el aumento de la atencion y en la disminucion de la hiperactividad. Sin embargo persiste controversia acerca de su uso. Aunque algunso postulan efectos positivos sobre el rendimiento academico esto no es tan claro, y ademas no existe evidencia clara sobre la efectividad de los estimulantes en mejorar el pronostico a largo plazo. Se describe el uso clinico de las drogas en el TDA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Amphetamine/administration & dosage , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Imipramine/administration & dosage , Imipramine/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/analogs & derivatives , Thioridazine/analogs & derivatives
8.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 44(2): 101-17, jun. 1981.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-91266

ABSTRACT

Se hace una revisión de la literatura acerca de la llamada hipótesis dopaminérgica de la esquizofrenia. Las evidencias a favor y en contra de los mecanismos dopaminérgicos en la esquizofrenia son analizadas separadamente en dos hipótesis potencialmente relacionadas, la del bloqueo de la dopamina y la de la sobreactividad de las acciones dopaminérgicas. En adición se discuten otras hipótesis alternativas derivadas de las anteriores. Se concluye en que aparentemente no existe, a pesar de las cuidadosas investigaciones descritas, un agente etiológico que en forma individual pueda causar la esquizofrenia


Subject(s)
Psychopharmacology , Schizophrenia/etiology , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Dopamine/biosynthesis , Dopamine/physiology , Prolactin , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Amphetamine/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase/genetics , Homovanillic Acid
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