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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(11): 962-970, Nov. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896306

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: The authors performed an economic assessment of opioids currently being used for control of postoperative pain relating to the surgical treatment of cancer (fentanyl and sufentanil) within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym). Method: The assessment was based on the perspective of the government, in order to collaborate with the promotion of effectiveness in public policies of health, and to optimize the allocation of public resources into health. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using data collected from the Brazilian Unified Health System and information from literature review, in order to build a decision tree on the alternatives for control of postoperative pain related to cancer treatment among adult patients. The outcomes considered were: effectiveness of postoperative analgesia and occurrence of nausea and vomit in the 48 hour period after surgery, and additional 24-hour cycles in patient follow-up. A univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to verify robustness of the model estimated. Results: Literature review showed a limited number of studies directly comparing fentanyl and sufentanil for control of postoperative pain. The adoption of sufentanil (cost = U$ 25.72 / outcome = 1.6 VAS points) was dominant in relation to the use of fentanyl (cost = U$ 32.58 / outcome = 2.6 VAS points). The estimated model showed robustness in relation to changes in the parameters analyzed. Conclusion: Sufentanil presented higher cost-effectiveness ratio in relation to fentanyl for control of postoperative pain in surgeries related to cancer treatment among adult patients in the Brazilian Unified Health System.


Resumo Objetivo: O artigo apresenta uma avaliação econômica de opioides atualmente utilizados no controle de dor pós-operatória relacionada ao tratamento cirúrgico do câncer (fentanil e sufentanil) no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde. Método: A avaliação baseou-se na perspectiva do governo, de forma a colaborar na promoção da efetividade das políticas públicas de saúde e melhorar a alocação de recursos públicos em saúde. Uma análise custo-efetividade foi realizada a partir de dados coletados no Sistema Único de Saúde e de informações provenientes de revisão da literatura para construção de uma árvore de decisão contendo alternativas para controle de dor pós-operatória relacionada ao tratamento cirúrgico do câncer entre pacientes adultos. Os desfechos considerados foram: efetividade da analgesia pós-operatória e ocorrência de náusea e vômito no período de 48 horas após cirurgia e em ciclos adicionais de 24 horas de seguimento do paciente. Uma análise de sensibilidade univariada foi conduzida para verificar a robustez do modelo estimado. Resultados: Na revisão de literatura, um número limitado de estudos efetuou comparação direta entre fentanil e sufentanil no controle de dor pós-operatória. A adoção de sufentanil (custo = U$ 25,72 / desfecho = 1,6 pontos VAS) foi dominante em relação ao uso do fentanil (custo = U$ 32,58 / desfecho = 2,6 pontos VAS). O modelo estimado demonstrou robustez em relação a mudanças nos parâmetros analisados. Conclusão: O sufentanil apresentou razão custo-efetividade superior em relação ao fentanil no controle de dor pós-operatória em cirurgias relacionadas ao tratamento de câncer entre pacientes adultos no Sistema Único de Saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Pain, Postoperative/congenital , Fentanyl/economics , Sufentanil/economics , Analgesics, Opioid/economics , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pain Measurement , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Brazil , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Sufentanil/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , National Health Programs
2.
West Indian med. j ; 57(2): 112-117, Mar. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672317

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the utilization pattern and the cost of sedatives, analgesics and neuromuscular blocking agents in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in the ICU of the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad and Tobago, for a period of twelve weeks. All patients admitted to the ICU were enrolled. No interventions were done. Data collected included demographics, diagnoses on admission, length of stay in the ICU, status of mechanical ventilation, patient outcome, quantity of sedatives, analgesics and neuromuscular blocking agents used in every patient and their cost. RESULTS: There were 333 patient-days encountered from 34 patients studied. Midazolam, fentanyl and cisatracurium were the most commonly used sedative, opioid and neuromuscular blocking agents respectively. The total cost of drugs used for sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blockade was approximately US$ 19 600 per annum. Cost for this treatment alone accounted for more than 50% of the total ICU drug costs. The costs were significantly higher in patients who stayed more than two weeks in the ICU when compared to those who stayed less than two weeks (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the utilization pattern and financial burden of sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blockade in the delivery of critical care.


OBJETIVOS: Estudiar el patrón de utilización y costo de los sedantes, analgésicos, y agentes de bloqueo neuromuscular en una Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo en la UCI del Complejo de Ciencias Médicas Eric Williams, en Trinidad y Tobago, por un período de doce semanas. Todos los pacientes ingresados a la UCI fueron enrolados. No se realizaron intervenciones. Los datos recogidos incluyeron demografías, diagnósticos de ingreso, longitud de la estadía en la UCI, estatus de ventilación mecánica, evolución del paciente, así como la cantidad y el costo de los sedantes, analgésicos y agentes de bloqueo neuromuscular usados en cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 333 días-pacientes a partir de 34 pacientes estudiados. La midazolama, el fentanil y el cisatracurio fueron los agentes sedativos, opioides y de bloqueo neuromuscular más comúnmente usados. El costo total de los medicamentos usados para la sedación, la analgesia y el bloqueo neuromuscular fue de aproximadamente $19 600 USD por año. El costo sólo para este tratamiento representó más del 50% del total de los costos de medicamentos de la UCI. Los costos fueron significativamente más altos en pacientes que permanecieron más de dos semanas en la UCI, en comparación con aquellos que permanecieron menos de dos semanas (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: El estudio pone de relieve el patrón de utilización de la carga financiera de la sedación, analgesia y bloqueo muscular a la hora de ofrecer atención crítica.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Analgesics, Opioid/economics , Hypnotics and Sedatives/economics , Intensive Care Units/economics , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/economics , Costs and Cost Analysis , Drug Utilization , Length of Stay/economics , Prospective Studies
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