ABSTRACT
Introducción: El pargo mancha es un pez marino de alto consumo e interés comercial en Costa Rica que está sometido a una fuerte presión pesquera, la cual puede afectar la diversidad genética y generar problemas por depresión endogámica. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado genético de la población de Lutjanus guttatus mediante el uso microsatélites. Métodos: Se recolectaron muestras entre el 2018 y 2019 y se estudiaron 44 individuos de cada una de las localidades del Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce. Se realizó la extracción de ADN y la amplificación de diez loci con microsatélites mediante PCR, para la determinación del genotipo, análisis de diversidad genética y estructura poblacional. Resultados: Los parámetros de diversidad indican un elevado polimorfismo asociado con un alto número de alelos obtenidos por locus, pero con bajos niveles de heterocigosidad observada en comparación con la esperada (Ho= 0.774 y 0.800 y He= 0.948 y 0.954 para Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce, respectivamente). No hay evidencia suficiente para decir que las dos poblaciones son distintas (FST= 0.00264, P > 0.05). La desviación del Equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg indica la posible mezcla de organismos de origen distinto a los del medio silvestre. Conclusiones: L. guttatus tiene niveles altos de diversidad genética, no hay evidencia de diferenciación en subpoblaciones genéticas, lo que en manejo pesquerías se considera una sola población panmíctica. La posible mezcla de individuos de origen distinto al silvestre sugiere la presencia de organismos de un programa de repoblación o de cultivos comerciales en la región. El uso de marcadores genéticos se recomienda para el monitoreo, además, en programas de repoblación y evaluar su efecto.
Introduction: The spotted snapper is a high-consumption and commercially important marine fish in Costa Rica, subjected to heavy fishing pressures, which can affect genetic diversity and generate problems due to inbreeding depression. Objective: To evaluate the genetic status of the population of Lutjanus guttatus using microsatellites. Methods: Samples were collected between 2018 and 2019, and 44 individuals from each of the localities of the Gulf of Nicoya and the Gulf of Dulce were studied. DNA extraction and amplification of ten loci with microsatellites using PCR were performed, followed by genotyping, analysis of genetic diversity, and population structure. Results: Diversity parameters indicate a high polymorphism associated with a high number of alleles obtained per locus, but with low levels of observed heterozygosity compared to expected (Ho= 0.774 and 0.800, and He= 0.948 and 0.954 for the Gulf of Nicoya and Gulf of Dulce, respectively). There is not enough evidence to say that the two populations are distinct (FST= 0.00264, P > 0.05). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was recorded, indicating possible mixing of organisms of different origin from the wild environment. Conclusions: L. guttatus presents high levels of genetic diversity, without evidence of differentiation in genetic subpopulations. For fisheries management purposes, they would be considered a single panmictic population. The possible mixing with wild individuals suggests the presence of organisms derived from a restocking or commercial cultivation program carried out in the region. The use of genetic markers is recommended to maintain monitoring, follow up on restocking programs and evaluate their effect.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Inbred Strains/growth & development , Fishes/growth & development , Costa Rica , Genetic FitnessABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive traits of the non-inbred and inbred AquaAmérica, GIFT and AquaAmérica × GIFTgenetic groups. Six fish from each genetic group were used (2 females:1 male). Females were examined for the presence of eggs in their mouth at every four days, for 12 weeks. Reproduction occurred in all genetic groups (GIFT: 100%; non-inbred AquaAmérica and AquaAmérica ×GIFT: 75%; inbred AquaAmérica: 50%). Female weight, female standard length, total spawning weight, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, spawn index and hatching rate did not differ significantly between the genetic groups. However, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety showed lower values (P<0.05) for egg diameter (2.4mm) and egg weight (4.2mg) and higher values (P<0.05) for relative number of eggs (247.6 eggs/g of egg) than GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.7mg; relative number of eggs: 175.4 eggs/g of egg) and AquaAmérica ×GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.9mg; relative number of eggs: 168.8 eggs/g of egg). In conclusion, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety produces smaller, lighter eggs but a higher relative number of eggs than the GIFT variety and the AquaAmérica ×GIFT cross; and inbreeding negatively affects spawning rate.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características reprodutivas dos grupos genéticos AquaAmérica não endogâmicos e endogâmicos, GIFT e AquaAmérica × GIFT. Foram utilizados seis peixes de cada grupo genético (duas fêmeas:um macho). As fêmeas foram examinadas quanto à presença de ovos na boca a cada quatro dias, durante 12 semanas. A reprodução ocorreu em todos os grupos genéticos (GIFT: 100%; AquaAmérica não endogâmica e AquaAmérica × GIFT: 75%; AquaAmérica endogâmica: 50%). Peso e comprimento padrão de fêmea, peso total de desova, fecundidade absoluta, fecundidade relativa, índice de desova e taxa de eclosão não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos genéticos. Entretanto, a variedade não endogâmica da AquaAmérica apresentou valores mais baixos (P<0,05) para diâmetro do ovo (2,4mm) e peso do ovo (4,2mg) e maiores valores (P<0,05) para número relativo de ovos (247,6 ovos/g de ovo ) que GIFT (diâmetro do ovo: 2,8mm; peso do ovo: 5,7mg; número relativo de ovos: 175,4 ovos/g de ovo) e AquaAmérica × GIFT (diâmetro do ovo: 2,8mm; peso do ovo: 5,9mg; número relativo de ovos: 168,8 ovos/g de ovo). Em conclusão, a variedade AquaAmérica não endogâmica produz ovos menores e mais leves, mas um número relativo maior de ovos que a variedade GIFT e o cruzamento AquaAmérica × GIFT; a consanguinidade afeta negativamente a taxa de desova.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Reproduction/physiology , Cichlids/genetics , Genetic Enhancement/methods , Animals, Inbred Strains/genetics , Animals, Outbred Strains/geneticsABSTRACT
This study sought to clone Chinese Banna minipig inbred-line (BMI) alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3-GT) gene and construct its recombinant eukaryotic expression vector. Total RNA was isolated from BMI liver. Full length cDNA of alpha1,3-GT gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vector to sequence. Subsequently, alpha1,3-GT gene was inserted into pEGFP-N1 to construct eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-GT. Then the reconstructed plasmid pEGFP-N1-GT was transiently transfected into human lung cancer cell line A549. The expression of alpha1,3-GT mRNA in transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR. FITC-BS-IB4 lectin was used in the direct immunofluorescence method, which was performed to observe the alpha-Gal synthesis function of BMI alpha1,3-GT in transfected cells. The results showed that full length of BMI alpha1,3-GT cDNA was 1116 bp. BMI alpha1,3-GT cDNA sequence was highly homogenous with those of mouse and bovine, and was exactly the same as the complete sequence of those of swine, pEGFP-N1-GT was confirmed by enzyme digestion and PCR. The expression of alpha1,3-GT mRNA was detected in A549 cells transfected by pEGFP-N1-GT. The expression of alpha-Gal was observed on the membrane of A549 cells transfected by pEGFP-N1-GT. Successful cloning of BMI alpha1,3-GT cDNA and construction of its eukaryotic expression vector have established a foundation for further research and application of BMI alpha1,3-GT in the fields of xenotransplantation and immunological therapy of cancer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Inbred Strains , Base Sequence , China , Cloning, Molecular , Galactosyltransferases , Genetics , Metabolism , Genetic Vectors , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Recombinant Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Genetics , TransfectionABSTRACT
Las técnicas moleculares empleadas para el análisis de ADN cromosomal como el RFLP IS200 han demostrado ser eficientes para resolver relaciones filogenéticas y epidemiológicas entre las cepas de Salmonella spp., aisladas de aves y humanos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si la IS200 estaba presente en las cepas de Salmonella aisladas de aves de corral y de humanos para establecer una posible cadena de transmisión entre ambos. El análisis filogenético de las cepas de Salmonella mostró 13 perfiles de IS200 que exhibieron de 1 a 11 copias de la secuencia de inserción, localizadas en un rango entre 13 y 1.71kb. El trabajo permitió concluir que IS200 es un marcador molecular eficiente, sensible y específico, útil para realizar estudios epidemiológicos ya que discriminó entre cepas de diferentes orígenes y comprobó que existe una relación clonal entre las cepas aviares y humanas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la necesidad de implementar medidas sanitarias que conlleven a que en la producción se minimicen las condiciones que favorezcan la propagación de Salmonella entre las aves
Subject(s)
Adult , Salmonella/classification , Salmonella/genetics , Salmonella/chemistry , Animals, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
A partir de informações de 286.047 animais registrados na Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador, desde a sua fundação, em 1949, até dezembro de 1999, verificaram-se o coeficiente de endogamia e o tamanho efetivo da raça Mangalarga Marchador. A média do coeficiente de endogamia para toda a população foi de 1,3 % e diferente de zero para 22,6% dos animais. Considerando apenas os animais endogâmicos, o coeficiente médio de endogamia foi de 5,7%, mínimo de 0,001 e máximo de 46,9%. Observou-se que 50% da população endogâmica apresentou coeficiente de endogamia entre 0,0001 e 10%. Na população atual a média de endogamia foi 3,8%, enquanto a média nos pais foi de 7,3%. O tamanho efetivo da população variou entre os períodos bianuais de nascimentos, sendo de 9.174,24 animais para o período de 1998-1999. O valor máximo para a razão entre o tamanho efetivo e o número de animais da população foi quase sempre inferior a 0,50, variando de 0,39 em 1980-1981 a 0,79 em 1954-1955.
Subject(s)
Animals, Inbred Strains/genetics , Horses/genetics , Inbreeding , Breeding/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Quantitative RT(reverse transcriptase) assay was established to detect the reverse transcriptase in plasma of thirty-four Chinese Banna minipig inbred in this work. The protocol was given in the RT kit (Roche), using HIV-1 as the positive control of the kit and supernatant of PK-15 as the PERV positive control respectively. The results show that positive reverse transcriptase reaction can be detected in the plasma of the pigs, but the levels are much lower than that of HIV-1 and lower than that of PERV in supernatant of PK-15.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Inbred Strains , Endogenous Retroviruses , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Blood , Swine , Blood , Virology , Swine, Miniature , Blood , VirologyABSTRACT
To explore the changes of the antigen expression and the biomechanical characteristics of blood vessel in Banna little ear pig before and after trypsin treatment, and provide data for xenotransplantation and pig vessel using for tissue engineering. Geometric morphology and microstructure of pig cartoid artery were stuided quantitatively by histologic method and computer image analysis. The relationship between pressure and diameter was observed at different period of time before and after trypsin treatment. Affinity-immunohistochemistry assay was conducted to detect the expression of xenoantigens (alpha-Gal). The results showed that alpha-Gal antigen is only expressed in vascular endothelial cellsouly. There is no significant difference in blood vessel compliance. These demonstrate that the antigenicity of pig carotid artery is significantly reduced, however, the mechanical characteristics did not change significantly. We suppose that pig vessels treated by trypsin can be used as the substrate material for vascular tissue engineering.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Animals, Inbred Strains , Antigens, Heterophile , Blood Vessels , Physiology , Stress, Mechanical , Swine , Tissue Engineering , Trypsin , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Estudia comparativamente las modificaciones en la biometría hemática y en la química sanguínea, para determinar su utilidad como indicadores indirectos de la infección leptospiral. Se inoculó en forma experimental cepas virulentas de diez serotipos de Leptospira interrogans de mayor prevalencia y/o patogenicidad detrminados por los autores en trabajos previos (serovares icterohae-morrhagiae, canícola, castelloni, australis, autumnalis, pomona, wolffi, sejroe, hardjo y tarassovi). El grupo de animales de experimentación, constituyeron 10 ejemplares machos del género rodenta (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cuyas características principales fueron 180 días de edad y 2.500 gramos de peso. A cada conejo se inoculó por vía intraperitoneal 0,1 ml de medio cultivo de Stuart base, en el cual se había sembrado previamente un serotipo de Leptospira interrogans. Se calculó que la cantidad de las bacterias presentes en el medio de cultivo es 10/ml de medio.