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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(4): 1308-1312, Dec. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-840884

ABSTRACT

La artroscopía de tobillo ha tenido un aumento en su utilización en las últimas tres décadas para la corrección quirúrgica de afecciones del tobillo. Se prefiere a la cirugía abierta por sus múltiples ventajas, destacando la disminución de las complicaciones, con una prevalencia de 7,3 % para la artroscopia y 15,9 % para la cirugía abierta. Estudios previos de artroscopia de tobillo reportan complicaciones generales entre el 0,9 a 17 %, de las cuales el 33 a 50 % envuelven los nervios cutáneos, principalmente el nervio fibular superficial o alguna de sus ramas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar estructuras neurovasculares en riesgo próximas a los portales artroscópicos del tobillo descritos en la literatura. Se llevó a cabo un estudio anatómico observacional, transversal y descriptivo. La muestra consistió en 10 tobillos de población mexicana en los cuales se introdujeron cánulas artroscópicas en algunos portales de tobillo descritos en la literatura y se realizó una disección superficial de los pies, posteriormente se determinó la distancia entre las estructuras neurovasculares próximas a los portales y se realizó un análisis estadístico con los resultados. Los resultados del estudio anatómico evidenció que portal antero-medial es el portal más seguro debido a que la distancia de dicho portal a una estructura neurovascular fue la más elevada, obteniendo una media de 11,30 mm±11,25, la menor distancia encontrada fue la del portal postero-medial con una media de 2,84 mm±1,28. El 10 % de los portales laterales resultaron con lesión de estructuras venosas tributarias de la vena safena menor. El portal antero-medial es el portal más seguro pero con mayor variabilidad respecto a las distancias de las estructuras neurovasculares al portal y el portal postero-medial es el de mayor riesgo debido a la mayor presencia de estructuras neurovasculares.


In the last three decades the procedure of ankle arthroscopy has increased in ankle surgery. It is preferred to open surgery for multiple reasons, the most important is that it has fewer complications, with a prevalence of 7.3 % for arthroscopy and 15.9 % for open surgery. Previous studies of ankle arthroscopy reported general complications between 0.9 to 17 % which involved cutaneous nerves at a rate of 33 to 50 %, mainly the superficial peroneal nerve. The principal objective of this study was to determine the neurovascular structures near the arthroscopic portals of the ankle. We carried out anatomical, observational, transversal and descriptive studies. This study was performed with 10 ankles of Mexican population. A 4 mm trocar was introduced in some of the portals described in the literature and superficial dissection of the feet was made. Subsequently, the distance between the nearest neurovascular structures was measured, and statistical analysis of the results was realized. The results of the anatomic study was that the anterior-medial portal was considered the safest portal because it has the highest distance between the portal and the neurovascular structure, with an average of 11.30 mm±11.25, the posterior-medial portal has the smallest average with 2.84 mm±1.28. A lesion of the small saphenous vein was reported in 10 % of the lateral portals. The antero-medial portal is the safest but with highest variability regarding the distances of the neurovascular structures to the portal and the postero-medial portal has the highest risk due to the increased presence of neurovascular structures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ankle/blood supply , Ankle/innervation , Ankle/anatomy & histology , Arthroscopy , Cadaver , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 52(1): 25-29, 2011. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-618808

ABSTRACT

Popliteal sciatic block is considered a good alternative analgesia for performing leg, ankle or foot’s fracture reduction at an emergency room. We hypothesized that performing the procedure in prone position rather than supine is better tolerated by the patients. Since 1995, we have used popliteal sciatic block carried out in both positions. Our study consists in 507 patients with fractures of the involved segment of the lower limb who presented at the emergency room from 1998 to 2008. All of them were treated with closed reduction and immobilization under popliteal sciatic block analgesia. The Procedure was performed by orthopedic surgeons guided by an anesthesiologist. 22.5 ml of lidocaine at 1.33 percent was used for obtaining paresthesia. Pain outcome was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and by patient and surgeon questionnaire. Patient and surgeon’s satisfaction was 90 percent and 94 percent, respectively. Our series reports a simple, reliable and safe analgesia technique for closed fracture’s reduction of the lower limb at the emergency department.


Para reducciones de fracturas de pierna, tobillo y pie generalmente basta un bloqueo ciático, que realizado en la posición prona, produce dolor e incomodidad al paciente. Desde el año 1995 utilizamos en nuestro hospital el bloqueo poplíteo vía posterior en posición supina para estos procedimientos. Se analiza la experiencia de 10 años con 507 pacientes con lesiones del segmento a los cuales se les practicó reducción de su fractura con bloqueo poplíteo realizado por residentes de Ortopedia y Traumatología capacitados y supervisados por anestesiólogos. Se utilizó lidocaína 22,5 ml al 1,33 por ciento obteniéndose parestesias. La evaluación se realizó mediante escala EVA y encuesta al operador y paciente. El 90 por ciento de los pacientes y el 94 por ciento de los operadores dan una evaluación positiva del procedimiento. La técnica siendo simple, confiable y segura proporciona una excelente anestesia para reducciones de la extremidad inferior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Nerve Block/methods , Lower Extremity/innervation , Lower Extremity/injuries , Orthopedic Procedures , Sciatic Nerve , Joint Dislocations , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Leg/innervation , Supine Position , Ankle/innervation , Leg Injuries/therapy , Ankle Injuries/therapy
4.
Indian J Lepr ; 1990 Oct-Dec; 62(4): 422-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54226

ABSTRACT

The extent of loss of vibration and pressure sensations was assessed in 21 leprosy patients with disintegration of the tarsus. Feet which had and did not have tarsal disintegration both showed severe impairment of pressure sensation, but the loss of vibration sense was more severe in feet which had undergone the destructive process. It appears that loss of deep sensation is an important factor in the process of tarsal disintegration in feet which are already anaesthetic. Measurement of vibration sense using a biosthesiometer may be a valuable clinical test in the investigation and follow-up of the patient with the insensitive foot to identify those at risk of developing tarsal disintegration.


Subject(s)
Adult , Ankle/innervation , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/physiopathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Leprosy/pathology , Male , Mechanoreceptors/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Neurologic Examination/instrumentation , Pressure , Proprioception , Sensation , Sensory Thresholds , Vibration
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