ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Este trabajo investigó la transformación de la experiencia de las personas que padecen de cáncer avanzado. Objetivos I) describir y analizar la transformación del cuerpo de las personas con cáncer avanzado y II) describir y analizar la influencia de la religión en la transformación de dicha experiencia de vida. Métodos Se realizó una etnografía en un hospital público de la ciudad de México en la alcaldía de Iztacalco. Se empleó la narrativa como herramienta para explorar las emociones, el cuerpo y la experiencia. Discusión El análisis interpretativo se basó en las teorías de la fenomenología de la percepción, la teoría de la performatividad, el concepto de habitus y la noción de globalización. Conclusiones El cuerpo es un campo de transformación continuo desde el cual se construyen los significados sociales y globales en torno al cáncer que influyen en la atención médica.(AU)
ABSTRACT This work investigates the transformation of people experience with advanced cancer. Objectives I) describe and analyze the transformation of the body of people with advanced cancer and II) describe and analyze the influence of religion in the transformation of that experience. Methods An ethnography was carried out in a public hospital in Mexico City in Iztacalco city hall. Narrative was used as a tool to explore emotions, body and experience. Discussion The theoretical discussion was based on the theories of the phenomenology of perception, the theory of performativity, the concept of habitus and the notion of globalization. Conclusions The body is a continuous field of transformation from which the social and global meanings around cancer are constructed and influence the medical care.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Religion and Medicine , Critical Illness/psychology , Life Change Events , Hospitals, Public , Anthropology, Cultural/instrumentation , MexicoABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las acciones concretas y significativas que establecen las familias de personas con discapacidad víctimas de desplazamiento forzado para la (re)construcción de sus redes sociales en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar de la ciudad de Bogotá. Metodología Estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron 5 encuentros para el diálogo sentido con un grupo focal de 28 personas víctimas de desplazamiento, entre personas con discapacidad y cuidadores y otros miembros del núcleo familiar, que participan en procesos de inclusión social, habitantes de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar. La información se registró en diarios de campo, fotografías, videos y material construido por los participantes. Resultados Los resultados muestran que los procesos que permiten la reconstrucción de tejido social están preponderantemente enmarcados en la satisfacción de necesidades concretas como el trabajo, la vivienda, la educación y la alimentación, dejando invisibles los aspectos significativos de la vida de los participantes. Conclusiones La percepción que existe sobre la discapacidad, aunada a la situación de desplazamiento, dibuja un panorama de mayor exclusión social frente a las relaciones de normalidad establecidas por la sociedad. Así mismo, se refleja la invisibilización de la doble situación de fragilidad, dada por los mecanismos de exclusión social a los cuales son sometidas las personas con discapacidad.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To identify concrete and meaningful actions that establish the families of people with disabilities victims of forced displacement for (re)construction of social networks in the locality of Ciudad Bolivar in Bogota. Methodology Qualitative study with ethnographic approach. 5 meetings were heald with a focus group of 28 people victims of forced displacement, including people with disabilities and their caregivers and other members of their familes involved in social inclusion processes, inhabitants of the locality of Ciudad Bolivar. Results The results Indicate that the processes that allow the reconstruction of social networks there are framed in satisfaction of specific needs such as work, housing, education and nutrition, leaving significant aspects of participants life invisible. Conclusion Perception that exists about disability and displacement situation increases the social exclusion actions towards this population group by the regular society, which reflects the invisibility of the double situation of fragility.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Family , Caregivers , Disabled Persons , Armed Conflicts/trends , Colombia , Qualitative Research , Anthropology, Cultural/instrumentationABSTRACT
A relação entre o clima e a saúde do idoso urbano tem sido amplamente abordada em termos quantitativos. Esta pesquisa busca compreender como se constitui a relação dos idosos com o clima no cotidiano urbano e em seu contexto cultural, buscando contribuições para o tema da adaptação em tempos de mudanças climáticas, ao fenômeno da ilha de calor urbana, e para o entendimento sobre o envelhecer na cidade. O objetivo foi compreender como os idosos moradores do centro de São Paulo, Brasil, experimentam e relatam sua experiência sobre o tempo meteorológico e o clima no cotidiano, tanto na vida doméstica quanto na sua movimentação pelo espaço público, integrando perspectivas físicas, subjetivas e ambientais. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de perspectiva etnográfica e com orientação analítico-descritiva, que utiliza como técnicas de coleta de dados a observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de documentos. A interpretação do material coletado seguiu os pressupostos da análise temática e manteve o foco em práticas sociais. Os participantes da pesquisa revelaram uma relação complexa com o clima e tempo, explicitada por meio da prática narrativa de memórias sociais que elaboram uma construção de clima e, simultaneamente, das práticas antecipatórias e adaptativas às condições atmosféricas que se apresentam no cotidiano. Esta experiência revelou-se corporificada e situada tanto no plano concreto do urbano quanto no plano subjetivo do histórico e social.
Introduction - The relationship between climate, health and the urban elderly has been widely discussed in quantitative terms. This research seeks to understand how the relationship with climate is built into the everyday life of the elderly who live in cities within their historical, social and cultural context. It aims to generate contributions to the issue of adaptation to climate change, to an urban heat island environment and the debate on aging in big cities. The main objective was to understand how the elderly residents of the center of São Paulo, Brazil, experience and report the experience about weather and climate in daily life, both in domestic and public spaces, integrating physical, subjective and environmental perspectives. This is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach and an analytical-descriptive orientation, using the techniques of participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis for data generation. The interpretative approach follows the assumptions of thematic analysis and the focus on practices. The participants have revealed a complex relationship with climate and weather: from constructions of climate that emerged during narrative practice of social memories, to anticipatory and adaptive practices to atmospheric conditions they had to deal with in everyday life. The experience has proved to be embodied and emplaced both in the concrete urban dimension and in the subjective dimension of the historical and social context.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Adaptation to Disasters , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Climate , Urban Area , Anthropology, Cultural/instrumentation , Community-Based Participatory Research , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
O Brasil está entre os principais exportadores de poaia [Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves] seguido do Panamá e Costa Rica. A poaia brasileira apresenta alto valor farmacológico das raízes devido aos teores de emetina e cefalina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever como as famílias de poaieiros mantém a memória cultural sobre a Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves. As informações foram coletadas no município de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, através de entrevista estruturada e observação participante com 20 homens e 10 mulheres, de faixa etária de 45 a 86 anos. Foram citadas as formas de utilização na alimentação para animais, inseticida, carrapaticida, emético, contra diarréias, para alívio de dor de cabeça, contra malária, bronquite e dor no estômago. A raiz é a parte mais usada e a forma de preparo é tintura ou misturada ao fumo, ao vinho ou à cachaça. Poucos entrevistados passaram aos filhos o conhecimento sobre a P. ipecacuanha. A memória cultural sobre a P. ipecacuanha deve-se a vivência, extração e comercialização da planta, e por ouvir as conversas dos pais com amigos. A perda de conhecimento associado a poaia é causada pelo êxodo rural, destruição do habitat com o desmatamento e ocupação agrícola. A extinção da espécie na região contribui para a erosão cultural.
Brazil is among the leading exporters of ipecac [Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves], followed by Panama and Costa Rica. The roots of Brazilian ipecac have high pharmacological value due to their levels of emetine and cephalin. This study aimed to describe how families of "poaieiros" maintain the cultural memory of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves. Information was collected in the city of Cáceres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, through structured interviews and participating observation involving 20 men and 10 women aged from 45 to 86 years. The cited forms of use were in animal nutrition, as insecticide, acaricide, emetic, against diarrhea, relief from headache, and against malaria, bronchitis and stomach ache. The root is the most used part and its preparation form is tincture or mixed with tobacco, wine or sugarcane. Few interviewees transmitted to their children the knowledge of P. ipecacuanha. The cultural memory of P. ipecacuanha is due to experience, extraction and marketing of the plant, as well as to hearing conversations between parents and friends. The loss of knowledge associated with ipecac is caused by rural exodus, destruction of its habitat due to deforestation and agricultural occupation. The extinction of this species in the region contributes to cultural erosion.