ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es comparar el desarrollo de la educación sanitaria en Italia y España desde el punto de vista del papel jugado por la antropología médica en ambos países, en un contexto marcado por los cambios en el concepto de educación sanitaria que propugnaron los organismos técnicos de las Naciones Unidas, en especial la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Unesco, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A pesar de sus similitudes como países, Italia y España tuvieron evoluciones políticas muy diferentes durante el siglo pasado, por tanto, es interesante comparar ambos casos y la influencia que tuvieron las ciencias sociales en las iniciativas de educación sanitaria. Para valorar el papel de la antropología médica, mediante el uso de fuentes orales, hemos reconstruido la puesta en marcha, en 1958, y el desarrollo del Centro Sperimentale per l'Educazione Sanitaria (Perugia, Italia), que estuvo en la vanguardia de la educación sanitaria en Europa hasta los años noventa. Tras una breve descripción de las escasas iniciativas sobre educación sanitaria en la España de la dictadura, evaluamos la influencia de los antropólogos perusinos en la educación para la salud española durante la transición democrática.
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to compare the development of health education in Italy and Spain from the point of view of the role played by medical anthropology in both countries. The context is provided by the changes in the concept of health education advocated by the UN technical agencies, especially the World Health Organization and Unesco, during the second half of the twentieth century. Despite their many similarities, Italy and Spain underwent different political evolutions over the last century. Therefore, it is interesting to compare both cases and the influence the social sciences had in health education initiatives. In order to assess the role of medical anthropology, the 1958 launch and the development of the Centro Sperimentale per l'Educazione Sanitaria (Perugia, Italy), which was at the forefront of health education in Europe until the 1990s, was reconstructed through oral sources. After a brief description of the scant initiatives regarding health education existing in the Spain of the dictatorship, the influence of the Perusine anthropologists on Spanish health education during the democratic transition is evaluated.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Health Education/history , Anthropology, Medical/history , Spain , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/methods , Public Health/trends , Health Education/methods , Health Education/trends , Anthropology, Medical/education , Anthropology, Medical/methods , Anthropology, Medical/trendsABSTRACT
Trata-se de um artigo de revisão que aborda as contribuições da Antropologia Médica para o campo da educação médica. A discussão centra-se na reflexão de como as noções e comportamentos ligados aos processosde saúde e de doença integram a cultura de grupos sociais onde os mesmos ocorrem. Argumenta-se que os sistemas médicos de atenção à saúde, assim como as respostas dadas às doenças, são sistemas culturais, consonantes com os grupos e realidades sociais que os produzem. A compreensão dessa relação se mostra fundamental para a formação médica...
This is a review article that discusses the contributions of medical anthropology to the field of medicaleducation. The discussion focuses on reflection as to how notions and behavior related to the processes of health and illness are an integral part of the culture of the social group in which they occur. It is argued that medical and health care systems are cultural systems consonant with the groups and social realities that produce them. Such a comprehension is fundamental for the medical training...