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1.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 71(2): e343, mayo.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1093562

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial peptides are small cationic molecules present in almost all living organisms. They show direct or indirect (immunomodulation) activity in a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms as members of the humoral arsenal of innate immunity. In mammals they play a significant role in respiratory airways. The most abundant antimicrobial peptides in the respiratory tract of mammals are lysozymes, lactoferrin, histatins, defensins and cathelicidins. Respiratory and pulmonary infections are combated, primarily, by antimicrobial peptides like LL-37 against Gram-negative bacteria, histatin 5 against Candida albicans and human peptides from neutrophils against adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza. This paper provides a review of the most important antimicrobial peptides in the respiratory tract and their use in the search for new effective agents against microorganisms that cause respiratory infections based on information published in MedLine, the Web of Science and Scopus in recent years(AU)


Los péptidos antimicrobianos son pequeñas moléculas catiónicas presentes en casi todos los organismos vivos. Muestran actividad directa o indirecta (inmunomodulación) en una amplia gama de microorganismos patógenos como miembros del arsenal humoral de la inmunidad innata. En los mamíferos juegan un papel importante en las vías respiratorias. Los péptidos antimicrobianos más abundantes en el tracto respiratorio son lisozima, lactoferrina, histatinas, defensinas y catelicidinas. Las infecciones respiratorias y pulmonares son combatidas, principalmente, por péptidos antimicrobianos como LL-37 contra bacterias gramnegativas, histatina 5 contra Candida albicans y péptidos humanos de neutrófilos contra adenovirus, influenza y parainfluenza. Este artículo proporciona una revisión sobre los péptidos antimicrobianos más importantes en el tracto respiratorio y su empleo en la búsqueda de nuevos agentes eficaces contra microorganismos causantes de infecciones respiratorias teniendo en cuenta la información publicada al respecto en MedLine, Web of Science y Scopus en los últimos años(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Paramyxoviridae Infections , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use
2.
ImplantNewsPerio ; 3(2): 324-334, mar.-abr. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-883519

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: realizar um levantamento sistemático da literatura no que tange ao uso de peptídeos antimicrobianos contra periodontopatógenos e indicar quais os peptídeos e micro-organismos mais estudados, com o objetivo final de traçar um perfil das publicações na área. Material e métodos: a busca por artigos ocorreu na base de dados Pubmed, com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: publicação nos últimos dez anos; palavras-chave "Antimicrobial Peptide" and "Periodontal" and "Bacteria", publicados em inglês e disponíveis gratuitamente na íntegra para leitura. Um total de dez artigos foram selecionados após o refinamento dos dados. Resultados: apesar do pequeno número de estudos encontrados, evidencia-se o potencial uso de peptídeos antimicrobianos no controle das principais bactérias periodontopatogênicas. Além disso, os peptídeos produzidos por células da mucosa oral (Defensinas, LL-37 e Histatinas), bem como os micro-organismos Porphyromonas gingivalis e Fusobacterium nucleatum, foram os mais estudados. Conclusão: é possível concluir que o uso de peptídeos antimicrobianos como potencial ferramenta no controle microbiano tem uma importância crescente, provavelmente devido à sua ampla aplicabilidade, mecanismos de ação e baixos índices de resistência. Contudo, estudos relacionados à sua toxicidade sobre células humanas, modo de aplicação e ensaios clínicos precisam ser realizados.


Objectives: to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the use of antimicrobial peptides against periodontopathogens and indicate the most studied peptides and microorganisms, with the final objective of outlining a profile of publications in the area. Material and methods: the search for articles occurred in Pubmed database with the following inclusion criteria: publication in the last 10 years; Keywords "Antimicrobial Peptide" and "Periodontal" and "Bacteria", published in English and freely available for reading. Results: a total of 10 articles were selected after refi ning the data. Despite the small number of studies found, it is evident the potential use of antimicrobial peptides in the control of the main periodontopathogenic bacteria. In addition, the peptides produced by oral mucosa cells (Defensins, LL-37 and Histatins) as well as the microorganisms Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were the most studied. Conclusion: it is possible to conclude that the use of antimicrobial peptides as a tool in microbial control is of increasing importance, probably due to their wide applicability, mechanisms of action and low resistance indices. However, studies related to its toxicity on human cells, mode of application and clinical trials still need to be performed.


Subject(s)
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use , Biofilms/growth & development , Periodontal Diseases
3.
Invest. clín ; 53(1): 71-83, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664567

ABSTRACT

La infección por VIH (virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana) en la actualidad es un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, que requiere de nuevas estrategias vacunales para detener su propagación así como para su efectivo tratamiento. Algunos estudios relacionados con la inmunidad innata en contra de VIH, han demostrado que los péptidos antimicrobianos (AMP´s) pueden generar resistencia a las infecciones virales. En la presente revisión, se describen a los péptidos antimicrobianos de humano y su actividad en contra de VIH así como péptidos de otras especies como plantas, anfibios, insectos y varias especies de animales que poseen un potencial terapéutico o profiláctico en la infección por VIH. Se describen brevemente algunos mecanismos mediante los cuales estos péptidos pueden bloquear la replicación e infección por el VIH.


HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is today a very important health issue worldwide, which demands new ways and strategies for its prevention and treatment. Several studies on the innate immunity against HIV infection have shown that antimicrobial peptides are associated with increased resistance to infection. In the present review, we briefly summarize the major characteristics of antimicrobial peptides from human and several species of plants, amphibians, insects and other animal species that have significant potential to be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. The mechanisms of infection inhibition and viral replication blockade are also described in the context of the biology of infection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/isolation & purification , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology , Drug Discovery , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , HIV , Invertebrates/chemistry , Plants/chemistry , Species Specificity , Vertebrates/metabolism , Virus Replication/drug effects
4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 145(3): 241-243, mayo-jun. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567446

ABSTRACT

Los inconvenientes del tratamiento con antibióticos, como el surgimiento de cepas multirresistentes y las reacciones adversas, han llevado a la búsqueda de alternativas. El conocimiento de las rutas de activación de la respuesta inmune innata y sus interacciones con las rutas de señalización de la respuesta inmune adaptativa podría llevar a tratamientos basados en elicitores de péptidos antimicrobianos, sustancias inocuas que producen la sobreexpresión de genes de la respuesta inmune innata, más efectivos, rápidos y seguros para combatir las infecciones, que siguen siendo un problema de salud pública mundial.


The drawbacks associated with antibiotic-based treatment of infectious diseases including an increase in multidrug-resistant strains and adverse reactions have lead to the search of antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APE), harmless substances that boost an overexpression of innate immunity genes. Knowledge on innate immunity activation pathways and their interactions with adaptive immunity would lead to more effective, faster and safer APE-based treatments to battle infections which still are a common public health problem worldwide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/immunology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use
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