A Case of Severe Acute Kidney Injury by Near-Drowning

Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to near-drowning is rarely described and poorly understood. Only few cases of severe isolated AKI resulting from near-drowning exist in the literature. We report a case of near-drowning who developed to isolated AKI due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN) requiring dialysis. A 21-yr-old man who recovered from near-drowning in freshwater 3 days earlier was admitted to our hospital with anuria and elevated level of serum creatinine. He needed five sessions of hemodialysis and then renal function recovered spontaneously. Renal biopsy confirmed ATN. We review the existing literature on near-drowning-induced AKI and discuss the possible pathogenesis.

Anurie obstructive : a propos de 42 cas consecutifs

L'anurie obstructive est un etat d'insuffisance renale secondaire a une obstruction des voies excretrices superieures survenant de facon bilaterale ou sur un rein unique anatomique ou fonctionnel. C'est une urgence chirurgicale. Nous decrivons les aspects epidemio-cliniques; therapeutiques et evolutifs de l'anurie obstructive dans les services d'urologie de l'hopital universitaire JRA a Antananarivo Madagascar. Quarante deux patients ont ete retenus avec un sex ratio de 0;2. L'etiologie lithiasique (42;85) suivie des tumeurs pelviennes (38;09) dominaient. Le resultat du traitement medico-chirurgical etait bon avec une recuperation de la fonction renale des les premiers jours. On notait 6 deces (14;28)

Síndrome hemolítico urémico en Chile: presentación clínica, evolución y factores pronósticos / Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Chile: clinical features, evolution and prognostic factors

Background: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Aim: To describe the characteñstics ofpatients with the diagnosis ofHUS in Chile, and to identify the most reliable early predictors oímorbidity and moñality. Material and methods: The clinical records ofpatients with HUS aged less than 15 years, attended between January 1990 and December 2003 in 15 hospitals, were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, hematological parameters, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: A cohort of 587 patients aged 2 to 8 years, 48 percent males, was analyzed. Ninety two percent had diarrhea. At the moment of diagnosis, anuria was observed in 39 percent of the patients, hypertension in 45 percent and seizures in 17 percent. Forty two percent required renal replacement therapy (RRT) and perítoneal dialysis was used in the majoríty of cases (78 percent). The most frequently isolated etiological agentwas Escherichia coli. Mortality rate was 2.9 percent in the acute phase of the disease and there was a positive correlation between mortality and anuria, seizures, white blood cell count (WCC) >20.000/mm³ and requirements of renal replacement therapy (p <0.05). Twelve percent of patients evolved to chronic renal failure and the risk factors during the acute phase were the need for renal replacement therapy, anuria, WCC >20.000/mm³, seizures and hypertension. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes important clinical and epidemiological aspeets ofHUSin a Chilean pediatricpopulation.

Anuric renal failure after same-session bilateral atraumatic flexible ureteroscopy

We report the first known case of anuric renal failure after same-session bilateral atraumatic flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi. Although, there is no consensus about stenting patients who undergo same-session bilateral ureteroscopy due to the lack of prospective randomized studies; strong consideration should be given to stenting the ureter at least one side to avoid this complication.

Bilateral renal papillary necrosis due to Candida infection in a diabetic patient presenting as anuria.

A 38 years insulin-dependent diabetic male, with nephropathy on antituberculous treatment presented with painless frank hematuria followed by anuria for a day which was associated with fever. Ultrasonogram of the abdomen showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Necrotic papillae were retrieved after ureteroscopy which on histopathological examination and culture showed Candida albicans. This was successfully treated with fluconazole and ureteroscopic removal of necrotic papillae.

Minimally Dilated Obstructive Nephropathy Initially Suspected as Pre-renal Azotemia in a Kidney Donor with Volume Depletion

Although ultrasonography is regarded as the gold standard in the diagnosis of obstructive nephropathy, dilatation is sometimes not observed by ultrasonography. We report upon a case of minimally dilated obstructive nephropathy due to an ureter stone in a kidney donor with volume depletion. A 54-year-old man was admitted due to anuria and abdominal pain of 2 days duration. Ten years previously, his right kidney was donated for transplantation, and one month before admission, he abstained from all food except water and salt, for 30 days for religious reasons. He had lost 8 kg of body weight. On admission, he had clinical signs of volume depletion, i.e., a dehydrated tongue and decreased skin turgor. Laboratory data confirmed severe renal failure, his blood urea nitrogen level was 107.3 mg/dL, and his serum creatinine 16.5 mg/dL. The plain X-ray was unremarkable and ultrasonography showed only minimal dilatation of the renal collecting system. On follow-up ultrasonography, performed on the 5th hospital day, the dilatation of the collecting system had slightly progressed and a small stone was found at ureter orifice by cystoscopy. Removal of stone initiated dramatic diuresis with a rapid return of renal function to normal by the third day.

Treatment of stones in claculous anuria requires a multitude of complementary therapeutic options

This study included 132 cases with an age range from 1.5-72 years and consultation delay of 16 hours to 15 days. KUB film suggested the diagnosis of renal and/or ureteric stones in 108 cases and abdominal sonography revealed stones in 90 cases. In 9 cases, the diagnosis of ureteric stones was in the course of ureteroscopy [URS] or retrograde ureteropyelography. According to the basic laboratory and imaging assessment, options of treatment were selected. The initial clinical and follow up data dictated subsequent measures. The results indicated that dialysis once to thrice was primarily utilized in nine cases and in extra eight cases post-intervention. Monotherapy was the choice treatment in the form of URS for eight cases with ureteric stones and open surgery [OS] for four children with large pelvic calculi. Percutaneous nephrostomy [PCN], external ureteric catheterization [UC] and JJ ureteric stenting were the primary treatments offered for 53, 39 and 18 cases, respectively. The 119 cases that received initial temporary measures were subjected to URS, OS, ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy [PNL] and chronic hemodialysis in 63, 21, 18, 9 and 8 cases, respectively, as a second treatment line. Interchangeability of the predetermined options entailed 16 cases due to unpredicted operative findings

Insuficiência renal aguda anúrica causada por obstruçäo bilateral das artérias renais / Anuric kidney failure by renal arteries bilateral obstruction

Descrevemos um caso de insuficiência renal aguda anúrica associada à obstruçäo bilateral e arterite granulomatosa e necrotizante de artérias renais em paciente portador de síndrome mielodisplásica. Säo discutidos os métodos diagnosticos, as principais patologias causadoras de artérias renais e as opçöes terapêuticas. Apesar de ser causa rara de insuficiência renal aguda, a possibilidade de obstruçäo de artéria renal deve ser lembrada em casos de anúria, pois o seu diagnóstico precoce implica em maior chance de sucesso terapêutico.