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1.
Psychol. av. discip ; 13(2): 107-120, jul.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250601

ABSTRACT

Resumen La investigación sobre la evaluación de la ansiedad social en Iberoamérica es escasa. En los últimos años se ha informado sobre las características psicométricas del "Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos" (CASO) en distintos países iberoamericanos, excepto Perú. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las pruebas de validez basadas en el constructo, las pruebas de validez basadas en la relación con otras variables de tipo convergente y la fiabilidad del CASO, utilizando una muestra no clínica de 3064 peruanos. El análisis factorial confirmatorio comprobó que el modelo de cinco factores relacionados se ajustaba mejor a los datos que el modelo jerárquico y se halló que el modelo unifactorial no tenía un buen ajuste. Las correlaciones entre los factores del CASO (de .608 a .709) indicaron que cada uno de ellos evalúa aspectos específicos del constructo y aportan, a su vez, a la medición global del mismo. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron de aceptables a muy buenos (.78( (( .85, .75( (( .83). La alta correlación (r= .69) con la subescala de Ansiedad de la "Escala de ansiedad social de Liebowitz, versión de autoinforme" (LSAS-SR), apoya su relación con la variable convergente. Estas adecuadas características psicométricas del CASO respaldan su utilización con población peruana.


Abstract Research on the assessment of social anxiety in Ibero-America is scarce. In recent years, the psychometric characteristics of the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for adults (SAQ) have been reported in different Ibero-American countries except Peru. The aim of this study was to analyze the construct and the convergent validity, and the reliability of the SAQ, using a non-clinical sample of 3064 Peruvians. The confirmatory factorial analysis showed that the model of five-related factors was better adjusted to the data than the hierarchical model, and that the unifactorial model did not have a good fit. The correlations between their factors (from .608 to .709) indicate that each of them evaluates specific aspects of the construct and also contribute to the overall measurement of it. The reliability coefficients were from acceptable to very good (.78( (( .85, .75( (( .83). The high correlation (r= .69) with the Anxiety subscale of the "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self-Report version" (LSAS-SR) supports its convergent validity. These appropriate psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire support its use with the Peruvian population.


Subject(s)
Anxiety/physiopathology , Anxiety/pathology , Psychometrics , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Phobia, Social , Anxiety/psychology , Peru , Adjustment Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires , Patient Health Questionnaire
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(7): 553-560, 07/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752378

ABSTRACT

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are prevalent, however their relationship with patterns of cortical atrophy is not fully known. Objectives To compare cortical atrophy’s patterns between AD patients and healthy controls; to verify correlations between neuropsychiatric syndromes and cortical atrophy. Method 33 AD patients were examined by Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Patients and 29 controls underwent a 3T MRI scanning. We considered four NPI syndromes: affective, apathy, hyperactivity and psychosis. Correlations between structural imaging and neuropsychiatric scores were performed by Freesurfer. Results were significant with a p-value < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Patients exhibited atrophy in entorhinal cortices, left inferior and middle temporal gyri, and precuneus bilaterally. There was correlation between affective syndrome and cortical thickness in right frontal structures, insula and temporal pole. Conclusion Cortical thickness measures revealed atrophy in mild AD. Depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with atrophy of right frontal, temporal and insular cortices. .


Os sintomas neuropsiquiátricos na doença de Alzheimer (DA) são prevalentes, porém suas relações com padrões de atrofia cortical não são totalmente compreendidas. Objetivos Comparar padrões de atrofia cortical entre DA e controles; verificar se há correlações entre sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e atrofia cortical. Método 33 pacientes com DA foram examinados pelo Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico. Os pacientes e 29 controles foram submetidos à RNM. Consideramos quatro síndromes: afetiva, apatia, hiperatividade e psicose. Correlações entre imagens estruturais e os scores foram feitas pelo Freesurfer. Os resultados foram significantes com um valor de p < 0,05, corrigido para múltiplas comparações. Resultados Pacientes exibiram atrofia nos córtices entorrinais, giros temporal médio e inferior esquerdos, e precuneo bilateralmente. Houve correlação entre síndrome afetiva e espessura cortical em estruturais frontais direitas, ínsula e polo temporal. Conclusão Medidas de espessura cortical revelaram atrofia na DA. Sintomas de depressão e ansiedade foram associados à atrofia dos córtices frontal direito, temporal e ínsula. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Mood Disorders/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Anxiety/pathology , Anxiety/psychology , Atrophy/pathology , Atrophy/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Depression/pathology , Depression/psychology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mood Disorders/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reference Values , Syndrome
3.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 44(4): 526-532, jul.-dez. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-740821

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos desse estudo foram investigar propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Behavioral Inhibition Instrument (BII) e suas associações com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em crianças e adolescentes. Participaram 838 estudantes com idades entre 9-18 anos (M=12,89; DP=2,10) de uma amostra comunitária respondendo a versão brasileira do BII e questionários de autorrelato de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Os resultados demonstraram que a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes na categoria de alta inibição comportamental foi de 16,6%. O BII apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias com maiores níveis de inibição comportamental correlacionados a maiores níveis de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, especialmente para sintomas de fobia social. Além disso, participantes com altos escores de inibição comportamental tiveram maior probabilidade de apresentar sintomas de ansiedade em um espectro clínico ou subclínico, especialmente para fobia social. Implicações para intervenções preventivas precoces são brevemente discutidas...


The aims of this study were to investigate psychometric properties of the Behavioral Inhibition Instrument (BII) and their association with depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents. Eight hundred and thirty-eight students aged 9-18 years (M=12.89, SD=2.10) from a community sample answered the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the BII and self-report questionnaires of depression and anxiety symptoms. Results showed the prevalence of children and adolescents in the high behavioral inhibition (BI) category was 16.6%. The BII presented satisfactory psychometric properties with higher levels of BI being correlated to higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, especially social phobia symptoms. Also participants with higher BI scores were more likely to present anxiety symptoms in a subclinical or clinical range, especially for social phobia. Implications for early preventive interventions are briefly discussed...


Los objetivos de este estudio fueron investigar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Behavioral Inhibition Instrument (BII) y sus asociaciones con los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en niños y adolescentes. Ochocientos treinta y ocho (838) estudiantes con edades entre 9 y 18 años (M=12,89; DP=2,10) de una muestra comunitaria respondieron a la versión brasileña del BII y a cuestionarios auto-aplicables de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Los resultados demuestran que el predominio de niños y adolescentes en la categoría de alta inhibición conductual fue de 16,6%. El BII presentó propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias con mayores niveles de inhibición conductual correlacionándose a mayores niveles de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, especialmente para fobia social. Además, los participantes con altos puntajes de inhibición conductual tuvieron mayor probabilidad de presentar síntomas de ansiedad en un espectro clínico o subclínico, especialmente para fobia social. Algunas implicancias para realizar intervenciones preventivas precoces son brevemente discutidas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Anxiety/pathology , Psychometrics
4.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 29(4): 223-231, 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-778711

ABSTRACT

La leucopenia establecida según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (O.M.S.) se define con valores de glóbulos blancos <4.000mm³, lo que puede estar representado por diferentes causas, evaluándose en este trabajo la influencia de factores psicosomáticos como la ansiedad y depresión. Se realiza un estudio de campo, de carácter exploratorio, transversal, apoyado en una revisión documental. Se estudiaron 63 pacientes provenientes del servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Vargas de Caracas y de la consulta privada del Dr. Herman Wuani, a quienes se les aplicó la escala de Hamilton para depresión y ansiedad; posterior a esto se realizó una hematología completa. Se definieron 3 grupos según los síntomas encontrados en la escala de Hamilton, Grupo 1 con síntomas de ansiedad, Grupo 2 con síntomas de depresión y Grupo 3 sin alteraciones psicosomáticas; todo esto aplicado a pacientes de etnia blanca y mestiza, perteneciendo el 28,57% (n=18) al sexo masculino y 71,42% (n=45) al sexo femenino. La media de edad de los pacientes fue 29, 14 años en el total de la muestra. De los pacientes ansiosos, 20 resultaron tener leucopenia (p<0,00000001), el resto de pacientes tenían glóbulos blancos >4.000mm³ (6 ansiosos, 19 deprimidos y 18 sin alteraciones psicosomáticas). Los pacientes con valores de linfocitos < 40%: 1 ansioso, 9 deprimidos y 12 sin alteraciones psicosomáticas; aquellos con linfocitos > 40% eran: 25 ansiosos, 10 deprimidos y 6 sin alteraciones psicosomáticas (p<0,000039). El descenso de los glóbulos blancos fue estadísticamente significativo en el grupo de pacientes con ansiedad...


Leukopenia as established by the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) is defined when the leukocyte count is below 4.000/mm³, which can have different causes; in this study the influence of psychosomatic factors such as anxiety and depression were evaluated. This was an exploratory field study, supported by a literature review. We studied 63 patients from the Internal Medicine service of the Hospital Vargas de Caracas and the private practice of Dr. Herman Wuani. The Hamilton Rating Scale for depression and anxiety were administered after a full hematology test was done. According to the symptoms found and after administering the scale, there were 3 groups: group 1. anxiety symptoms, group 2. depression symptoms and group 3 unaltered. The distribution for gender 28.57% (n=18) male and 71.42% (n=45) female. The mean age of the subjects 29.14 years. In anxious patients, 20 were found to have leukopenia (p<0.00000001), the remaining patients had > 4.000mm³ (6 anxious, 19 depressed and 18 not psychosomatic). Patients with lymphocytes < 40%: 1 anxious, 9 depressed and 12 without psychosomatic disorders, Patients with Lymphocytes > 40%: 25 anxious, 10 depressed and 6 without psychosomatic disorders (p<0.000039). The decrease in white blood cells was statistically significant in the group with anxiety...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety/pathology , Depression/pathology , Leukopenia/complications , Leukopenia/diagnosis
5.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 17(1): 107-114, Jan.-Apr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643699

ABSTRACT

A ansiedade vem sendo estudada como fator capaz de influenciar a atenção visual seletiva em experimentos como a Visual Probe Detection Task (VPDT). Este estudo objetivou comparar o viés de atenção para imagens emocionais em pessoas com diferentes níveis de ansiedade de traço e estado usando a VPDT. Oitenta e dois estudantes universitários responderam ao IDATE. Na VPDT, utilizaram-se 12 pares de imagens com alto nível de ativação e valência negativa, pareadas com imagens controles neutras, do International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Os estímulos eram apresentados durante 200 m. O viés de atenção não foi diferente entre os participantes com baixos e altos níveis de ansiedade de traço e estado. Tais resultados indicaram que elas não são importantes para o viés de atenção para estímulos negativos com altos níveis de ativação. Além disso, é possível que o viés de atenção para estímulos ansiogênicos seja observado apenas em populações clínicas.


Anxiety has been observed as a factor capable to influence the visual selective attention in experiments such as the Visual Probe Detection Task (VPDT). This study aimed to compare the attentional bias to emotional images in people with different levels of trait and state anxiety using a VPDT. Eighty-two undergraduate students performed VPDT and answered the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. In VPDT, 12 pairs of images from International Affective Picture System (emotional image with high arousal level and negative valence/and one control, neutral) were presented during 200 m. There was no attentional bias difference between the participants neither with low nor high levels of trait or state of anxiety. These results indicated that trait or state anxiety might not be important to attentional bias to negative and arousing visual stimuli. It is possible that just clinical populations with anxiety disorders often show attentional bias to anxiogenic stimuli.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Attention , Anxiety/pathology , Psychopathology
6.
Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul ; 31(2): 116-119, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567009

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a efetividade do relaxamento respiratório no manejo do craving e dos sintomas de ansiedade em dependentes de crack internados para tratamento em uma unidade de desintoxicação. Método: Ensaio clínico do tipo quase-experimental de análise quantitativa. A amostra foi por conveniência, sendo composta por 32 homens dependentes de cocaína (crack). Eles tinham a cocaína como a droga de escolha e haviam utilizado esta substância por última vez entre 2 e 3 semanas antes do início do tratamento, conseguindo realizar a técnica do relaxamento respiratório adequadamente do ponto de vista biomecânico. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQB), escala analógica visual (EAV), Inventário Beck de ansiedade (BAI) e ficha com dados sociodemográficos e referentes ao padrão de consumo de substâncias psicoativas (FSD). Foi realizada uma intervenção em grupo na qual, inicialmente, foram aplicados o CCQB, a EAV e o BAI. Depois, foram apresentadas imagens relacionadas ao uso do crack e foram reaplicados os mesmos instrumentos. A seguir, foi realizado o relaxamento respiratório durante 10 minutos e foram aplicados, pela terceira vez, os instrumentos. Após esta intervenção, foi realizada uma entrevista individual com aplicação da FSD. Resultados: Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram uma redução dos escores do CCQB, da EAV e do BAI pelo relaxamento respiratório em uma amostra cujo perfi l corresponde ao padrão geral dos usuários de crack. Conclusão: Este estudo, apesar de ter algumas limitações metodológicas, sugere que o relaxamento respiratório pode ser uma estratégia efetiva no manejo do craving e dos sintomas de ansiedade em dependentes de crack.


Introduction: The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of deep breathing in the management of craving and anxiety symptoms in crack-cocaine-dependent patients hospitalized for treatment in a detoxification unit. Method: This is a quasi-experimental clinical trial using a quantitative analysis. The convenience sample comprised 32 crack-cocaine-dependent males. These subjects had cocaine as their drug of choice, having used this substance between 2 and 3 weeks prior to the beginning of the treatment, and were able to adequately perform the deep breathing technique. The instruments used were: the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQB), the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a form containing sociodemographic information and data related to the pattern of consumption of psychoactive substances (SDF). A group intervention was conducted with the administration of the CCQB, the VAS, and the BAI. After that, images related to the use of crack-cocaine were shown to the subjects and the same instruments were administered again. Next, the participants performed the deep breathing technique for 10 minutes, and the instruments were administered one more time. Finally, an individual interview was done and the SDF was completed. Results: Our findings demonstrated a decrease in the scores on the CCQB, the VAS and the BAI after the deep breathing technique was performed in a sample whose profile represents the general pattern of crack-cocaine users. Conclusion: In spite of some methodological limitations, the present study suggests that the deep breathing technique is effective in the management of craving and anxiety symptoms in crack-cocaine-dependent patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Crack Cocaine , Crack Cocaine/toxicity , Crack Cocaine , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/complications , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/pathology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/pathology , Anxiety/psychology , Relaxation Therapy/education , Relaxation Therapy/trends
7.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 29(2): 109-113, dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631508

ABSTRACT

El período hospitalario genera grandes expectativas y ansiedad en los estudiantes, ya que tendrán que demostrar sus conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas adquiridas en preclínica. El presente estudio explora la opinión de los estudiantes ante aspectos relacionados con la ansiedad. Se aplicó un instrumento de trece ítemes, en 175 estudiantes del 2º año de la Escuela de Medicina "Luis Razetti" de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (2004-2005). El 62 por ciento correspondió al sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue 20 ± 2 años. La ansiedad total se ubicó en un 36 por ciento. Hubo diferencia significativa según sexo en 5 aspectos abordados. El 50 por ciento del total de aspectos explorados no generan niveles importantes de ansiedad. Se pretende aportar información y motivar a la reflexión sobre los posibles aspectos a ser reforzados en pro de disminuir la ansiedad en relación con la fase hospitalaria de los estudios de medicina.


The clinical period generates great expectative and anxiety to medical students since they will have to demonstrate their knowledges, abilities and skills acquired in the pre-clinical period. The present study explores students opinion on such aspects related to anxiety. A questionnaire with 13 statements was collected from 175 second year medical students from "Luis Razetti School of Medicine", Universidad Central de Venezuela (2004-2005). 62 percent were females. Average age 2 0 ± 2 years. Total anxiety was seen in 36 percent. There was a significant difference between sexes in 5 statements. 50 percent of de total aspects explored did not generate import levels of anxiety. This study provides information and points out the aspects to reinforce in order to reduce the anxiety in pre-clinical medical students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Anxiety , Anxiety/pathology , Clinical Protocols , Students, Medical/psychology , Stress, Physiological , Education, Medical
8.
Centro méd ; 43(1): 33-5, mayo 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-217659

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las principales características clínicas, criterios diagnósticos y métodos de acompañamiento clínico de la fibromialgia. Los autores presentan también una breve revisión histórica de los conocimientos de este síndrome y comenta la necesidad de divulgación de los conocimientos adquiridos para realizar un diagnóstico precoz y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety/pathology , Depression/pathology , Fibromyalgia/diagnosis , Fibromyalgia/pathology , Fibromyalgia/therapy , Pain/pathology
9.
Arab Journal of Psychiatry [The]. 1997; 8 (1): 6-12
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-44046

ABSTRACT

The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was applied to 73 depressed inpatients diagnosed using the Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview. The first 17 items of the scale were factorized using the hierarchical factor analysis and were clustered using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. Five primary and one secondary factor, accounting for 61% of variance were extracted. The extracted factors represent insomnia, depression, anxiety-hypochondriasis, guilt, and genital symptoms [libido]. Three simple interpretable clusters that represent depression, associated symptoms and some melancholic features were found. A weak general factor of the scale was found


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/etiology , Anxiety/pathology , Hypochondriasis , Guilt , Libido
10.
Medical Arabization. 1997; 1 (2): 35-45
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-45548
11.
Arab Journal of Psychiatry [The]. 1995; 6 (2): 176-185
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-36434

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to identify the presence of psychological disturbances in fibromyalgia patients and to explore the relationship between stress and other psychological disorders in fibromyalgia patients. Thirty female patients with Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome [PFS] and thirty matched normal female controls [NC], were assessed by using four psychological questionnaires, using the Arabic Versions of Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], the Spielberger State-Trait Inventory [STAT], the Stress Scale and the Whitly Index [WI] Hypochondriasis Scale. Results showed that patients with fibromyalgia were significantly higher in their psychological profiles. This indicate that those patients were psychologically more disturbed than the normal controls and they suffer from neurotic traits such as: anxiety, depression and hypochondriasis symptoms. Results also revealed a significant relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms among fibromyalgia patients


Subject(s)
Stress, Physiological/psychology , Anxiety/pathology , Depression/pathology , Psychometrics
12.
Medical Spectrum [The]. 1993; 14 (1-2): 33-5
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-29396
13.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 44(3/4): 157-68, sept.-dic. 1981. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-91269

ABSTRACT

Con el objeto de comparar cualitativamente la angustia ante el acto quirúrgico en los pacientes dispuestos a ser intervenidos y sus familiares, se estudiaron, mediante escalas de Taylor y de Hamilton, dos grupos, uno de 40 pacientes y otro de 40 familiares. En el grupo de pacientes se realizó una evaluación post-operatoria adicional. Con la Escala de Taylor, los valores preoperatorios de angustia fueron similares en ambos grupos, mientras que, con la de Hamilton, fueron mayores en el grupo de familiares. Con esta última escala, se demostró, en los pacientes, una disminución de la angustia en un 60% tras ocurrir el acto operatorio. En ambos grupos, la mujeres desarrollaron más angustia que los varones. Los pacientes y familiares más jóvenes reaccionaron con mayor angustia. En el grupo de familiares, los profesionales, mostraron menos angustia que los no profesionales (en los pacientes la relación fue inversa) y los de menor grado de instrucción más que los de grado superior. Los ítems de la Escala de Hamilton más frecuentemente calificados como positivos fueron los referentes a ánimo angustioso, síntomas gastrointestinales, síntomas vegetativos e insomnio; en el grupo de familares fue también común el ánimo depresivo. Los resultados subrayan la participación del grupo familiar en la dinámica de la angustia pre-operatoria y sugieren un estudio más acucioso de la misma


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Anxiety/pathology , Anxiety Disorders/classification , Family , Inpatients/psychology , Pathology, Surgical , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
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