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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 84(5): 553-559, Sept.-Oct. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974366

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Misophonia is a recently described, poorly understood and neglected condition. It is characterized by strong negative reactions of hatred, anger or fear when subjects have to face some selective and low level repetitive sounds. The most common ones that trigger such aversive reactions are those elicited by the mouth (chewing gum or food, popping lips) or the nose (breathing, sniffing, and blowing) or by the fingers (typing, kneading paper, clicking pen, drumming on the table). Previous articles have cited that such individuals usually know at least one close relative with similar symptoms, suggesting a possible hereditary component. Objective: We found and described a family with 15 members having misophonia, detailing their common characteristics and the pattern of sounds that trigger such strong discomfort. Methods: All 15 members agreed to give us their epidemiological data, and 12 agreed to answer a specific questionnaire which investigated the symptoms, specific trigger sounds, main feelings evoked and attitudes adopted by each participant. Results: The 15 members belong to three generations of the family. Their age ranged from 9 to 73 years (mean 38.3 years; median 41 years) and 10 were females. Analysis of the 12 questionnaires showed that 10 subjects (83.3%) developed the first symptoms during childhood or adolescence. The mean annoyance score on the Visual Analog Scale from 0 to 10 was 7.3 (median 7.5). Individuals reported hatred/anger, irritability and anxiety in response to sounds, and faced the situation asking to stop the sound, leaving/avoiding the place and even fighting. The self-reported associated symptoms were anxiety (91.3%), tinnitus (50%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (41.6%), depression (33.3%), and hypersensitivity to sounds (25%). Conclusion: The high incidence of misophonia in this particular familial distribution suggests that it might be more common than expected and raises the possibility of having a hereditary etiology.


Resumo Introdução: A misofonia é uma condição recentemente descrita, mal compreendida e negligenciada. É caracterizada por fortes reações negativas de ódio, raiva ou medo quando os indivíduos precisam enfrentar alguns sons repetitivos seletivos e de baixa intensidade. Os mais comuns que desencadeiam tais reações aversivas são aqueles provocados pela boca (mascar goma ou mastigar comida, estalar os lábios) ou nariz (respirando, cheirando e soprando) ou pelos dedos (digitando, amassando papel, clicando a caneta, tamborilando na mesa). Artigos anteriores citam que esses indivíduos geralmente conhecem pelo menos um parente próximo com sintomas semelhantes, sugerindo um possível componente hereditário. Objetivo: Encontramos e descrevemos uma família com 15 membros com misofonia, detalhando suas características comuns e o padrão de sons que desencadeiam um desconforto tão forte. Método: Todos os 15 membros concordaram em nos fornecer seus dados epidemiológicos e 12 concordaram em responder a um questionário específico que investigou os sintomas, sons de gatilho específicos, principais sentimentos evocados e atitudes adotadas por cada participante. Resultados: Os 15 membros pertencem a três gerações da família. A idade variou de 9 a 73 anos (média de 38,3 anos, mediana de 41 anos) e 10 eram mulheres. A análise dos 12 questionários mostrou que 10 indivíduos (83,3%) desenvolveram os primeiros sintomas durante a infância ou a adolescência. A média do escore de irritação na Escala Visual Analógica de 0 a 10 foi de 7,3 (mediana 7,5). Os indivíduos relataram sentimentos de ódio/raiva, irritabilidade e ansiedade em resposta a sons, e enfrentaram a situação pedindo para interromper o som, deixando/evitando o lugar e até mesmo discutindo. Os sintomas associados auto-relatados foram ansiedade (91,3%), zumbido (50%), transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (41,6%), depressão (33,3%) e hipersensibilidade aos sons (25%). Conclusão: A alta incidência de misofonia nessa distribuição familiar em particular sugere que possa ser mais comum do que o esperado e suscita a possibilidade de haver uma etiologia hereditária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Anxiety Disorders/genetics , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Emotions , Hearing Disorders/genetics , Hearing Disorders/psychology , Anger , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Sound , Syndrome , Family , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/genetics , Depression/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Disorders/epidemiology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/genetics , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(4): 277-284, Oct-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730596

ABSTRACT

Objective: To ascertain whether genetic variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR 44-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism) influence an increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to high levels of violence. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from a group of children who were working on the streets and from their siblings who did not work on the streets. DNA was extracted from the saliva samples and analyzed for 5-HTTLPR polymorphism genotypes. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven children between the ages of 7 and 14 years were analyzed (114 child workers and 63 siblings). Data on socioeconomic conditions, mental symptoms, and presence and severity of maltreatment and urban violence were collected using a sociodemographic inventory and clinical instruments. There was no positive correlation between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and presence of mental symptoms in our sample, although the children were exposed to high levels of abuse, neglect, and urban violence. Conclusions: Despite previous studies that associated adult psychiatric disorders with the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and a history of childhood maltreatment, no such association was found in this sample of children at risk. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety Disorders/genetics , Child Abuse/psychology , Depressive Disorder/genetics , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Brazil , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Life Change Events , Polymorphism, Genetic , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Saliva , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population
3.
Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2013; 8 (1): 22-28
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-130813

ABSTRACT

Generalized anxiety disorder is a complex psychiatric syndrome. Current understanding on the epidemiological risk factors, genetic vulnerability and neurobiology of the GAD is beginning to unfold the complexities behind this disorder. This narrative review has attempted to put together the recent advances in the area of GAD research with intent to identify the gaps requiring further research


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety Disorders/therapy , Risk Factors , Health Care Costs , Anxiety Disorders/genetics , Neuroimaging
4.
Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul ; 31(2): 86-94, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567005

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Revisar o transtorno do pânico (TP), considerando seus aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e etiológicos, bem como os avanços no tratamento, uma vez que o TP é uma entidade nosológica acompanhada de importante prejuízo psíquico e funcional. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura nas principais bases de dados existentes (MEDLINE, PsychINFO e SciELO) e em livros textos atualizados. Resultados: Devido à sintomatologia predominantemente física desse transtorno, os pacientes geralmente procuram vários atendimentos clínicos até que o diagnóstico seja feito. Em função desses aspectos e da sua cronicidade, o TP está associado a elevados custos econômicos. O tratamento do TP pode ser feito com psicoterapia e/ou psicofármacos. As diversas abordagens terapêuticas são apresentadas com o nível de evidência de cada recomendação. Em virtude da cronicidade e morbidade do TP, pesquisas têm se voltado para o estudo de estratégias de prevenção já na infância. Conclusões: O TP é um transtorno crônico e com baixas taxas de remissão dos sintomas em longo prazo. Sendo assim, sugere-se que sejam delineados novos estudos para tratamento precoce dos transtornos de ansiedade ou mesmo para prevenção em crianças de risco.


Objective: To review panic disorder (PD) considering its clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic, and etiologic aspects, as well as the advances in its treatment, since PD is a nosologic entity characterized by important psychiatric and functional impairment. Method: A review of the literature was carried out using the main databases available (MEDLINE, PsychINFO and SciELO) and up-to-date textbooks. Results: Due to the prevalence of physical symptoms in this disorder, patients usually have to seek clinical care for several times before the diagnosis is established. As a result of these aspects and because of its chronicity, PD is associated with high economic costs. PD treatment may include psychotherapy and/or use of psychotropic drugs. In this review, we present several different therapeutic approaches, as well as the levels of evidence of each recommendation. Due to PD chronicity and morbidity, researches have been focused on the study of strategies to prevent PD since childhood. Conclusions: PD is a chronic disorder with low long-term remission rates. Therefore, we suggest that new studies should be designed concerning the early treatment of anxiety disorders or even the prevention of this disorder in children at risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychotherapy/instrumentation , Psychotherapy/standards , Psychotherapy/trends , Panic Disorder/classification , Panic Disorder/complications , Panic Disorder/diagnosis , Panic Disorder/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/etiology , Panic Disorder/pathology , Panic Disorder/therapy , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Anxiety Disorders/genetics , Anxiety Disorders/pathology , Anxiety Disorders/therapy
5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-282772

ABSTRACT

O artigo apresenta uma revisao sobre a genetica do transtorno de panico, passando inicialmente pelos estudos genetico-epidemiologicos em familias e gemeos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety Disorders/genetics , Diseases in Twins/genetics , Panic Disorder/genetics , Risk Factors , Panic Disorder/epidemiology
6.
Salud ment ; 11(3): 1-8, sept. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-66328

ABSTRACT

La validez diagnóstica de los trastornos de ansiedad es controversial. La ansiedad patológica acompaña a diversos estados emociales, y en la mauyoría de los síndromes psiquiátricos se presentan síntomas de ansiedad como manifestaciones secundarias. Esto hace difícil separarlos al hacer el diagnóstico. El problema se agudiza sobre todo en los trastornos propios de las crisis de angustia y de ansiedad generalizada. El conocimiento de que algunos antidepresivos son efectivos en el tratamiento de las crisis de angustia hace suponer que hay una relación entre esta condición y la depresión. Se ha intentado dar validez a estos diagnósticos por medio de distintos procedimientos. Los que más datos han aportado han sido los estudios descriptivos transversables y prospectivos, los genéticos y de familia, los farmacológicos y los neurobiológicos. Los estudios descriptivos no han podido diferenciar suficientemente a las crisis de angustia de la ansiedad generalizada; la mayor parte de estos estudios le dan a esta entidad nosográfica una categoría residual. En los estudios genéticos y de familia se ha encontrado que hay una predisposición genética para sufrir crisi de angustia pero no para la ansiedad generalizada, lo cual apoya que se les de un diagnóstico diferente. Además, los dos padecimientos responden de manera diferente al tratamiento farmacológico. En cuanto a los mecanismos neurobiológicos, no hay evidencia suficiente que permita diferenciar los cuadros. En relación con la crisis de angustia y la depresión, los resultados de los estudios son discrepantes. Es bien sabido que con mucha frecuencia coexisten los síntomas de ambos padecimientos. Los análisis discriminantes de la sintomatología de ambos cuadros los han podido diferenciar...


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Anxiety Disorders/genetics
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