Oral sub-mucous fibrosis: realities of etiology / Fibrose de submucosa oral: a realidade da etiologia

Oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well known potentially malignant condition resulting commonly due tothe use of areca nut. Areca nut chewing is a primordial tradition in Asian countries. It is also a psychoactiveessence. With the emergence of commercial pan masala and gutkha, witness of massive growth in the salesof these products, with huge worldwide export market developed. Various components in this quid have itsown mechanism of action resulting in OSMF. Other causes proposed were chillies, misi, nutritional deficiency,genetic predisposition, immunologic aspects, infection and saliva. This review attempts to give an overviewabout the postulated etiologies and its role in causation of OSMF.

Fibrose de submucosa oral (FSMO) é uma condição potencialmente maligna muito conhecida resultante geralmentedo uso da noz de areca ou betel. Mastigar a noz de betel é uma tradição primordial nos países asiáticos.É também uma essência psicoativa. O surgimento comercial da pan masala e da gutkha, aliado ao enorme crescimento nas vendas desses produtos, possibilitou um grande mercado de exportação em todo o mundodesenvolvido. Vários componentes neste material tem seu próprio mecanismo de ação, resultando em FSMO.Outras causas propostas foram pimentões, misi, deficiência nutricional, predisposição genética, aspectos imunológicos,infecção e saliva. Esta revisão procura dar uma visão geral sobre as etiologias postuladas e seu papelna causa da FSMO.

study of 63 cases of mouth neoplasms in areca nut growing belt of Sullia

Betel nut and betel quid chewing are from major etiological factor for oral cancer. They also increase the risk of systemic diseases such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Sixty three patients of oral cancer in our institution during Jan. 2007 to May 2011 were included in our study. This study included 14 cases of lip carcinoma, 41 cases of buccal mucosa carcinoma, 7 cases of tongue carcinoma, and 1 case of carcinoma of upper alveolus. Duration of use of betel quid, pan masala, and gutkha were studied as well as management. All patients in our study have been chewing betel-quid for 6-31 years [mean19.42 years]. All of them quit betel quid and used easily available panmasala and gutkha for 4-13 years [mean 8.28 years]. Nine cases of lip carcinoma, 13 cases of buccal mucosa carcinoma and 3 cases of tongue carcinoma were treated with surgery. Seven cases of lip carcinoma, 30 cases of buccal mucosa carcinoma and 5 cases of tongue carcinoma were treated with post operative or palliative radiotherapy. Betel nut chewing with or without tobacco and lime are proven to be carcinogens in human. Direct relationship between oral cancer and betel quid, gutkha, and panmasala use has been shown in our study. As betel quid, panmasala and gutkha chewing were proven to be carcinogens, a permanent ban on manufacturing and sale of these products should be implemented