ABSTRACT
Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o perfil fitoquímico e a toxicidade preliminar frente a larvas de Artemia salina do extrato etanólico de frutos de Solanum lycocarpum. O extrato foi submetido à análise fitoquímica preliminar para identificação das principais classes de metabolitos secundários presentes e testado frente a larvas de A. salina para obtenção das concentrações letais médias (CL50%). Os testes fitoquímicos demonstraram a presença de fenóis, taninos, saponinas, alcalóides e esteroides livres. O extrato foi fracionado em diferentes solventes para a avaliação da toxicidade frente à A. salina, apresentando considerável citotoxicidade na fração hidroalcoólica (CL50% = 285,546 µg/mL).
The phytochemical profile of ethanolic extract of Solanum lycocarpum fruits was analyzed and preliminary toxicity tests were performed against brine shrimp larvae. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites and tested against the larvae of A. salina to obtain the median lethal concentrations (LC50%). The phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and free steroids. The extract was fractionated with various solvents for toxicity testing against the larvae and the hydroalcoholic fraction showed considerable cytotoxicity (CL50% = 285.546 µg/mL).
Subject(s)
Artemia/chemistry , Biological Assay , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Solanaceae/toxicityABSTRACT
Biomass of the crustacean Artemia sp. has multiple uses. The biochemical composition and biomass production of Artemia grown from cysts produced by a native population from Real de Salinas were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Nauplii (instar I) were stocked at density of 10 nauplii/ml in 1.5 l tanks, fed with rice bran from day 2 to day 6, and with the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica from day 7 to day 15. At the end of the trial (day 15) the average length was 5.34 mm, biomass production was 15.72 g/l (wet weight), and survival was 79%. The proximal analysis and biochemical composition of Artemia biomass indicated that its nutrient percentages are closely similar to Artemia from other regions, making this species a suitable food for cultured fish and crustacean
El crustáceo Artemia spp. tiene múltiples usos en acuicultura. El potencial de producción de biomasa de Artemia sp. de Real de Salinas, Campeche, México en condiciones controladas es desconocida. En el presente trabajo, se evaluó la producción de biomasa de la población de Real de Salinas en condiciones de laboratorio y su composición bioquímica. Los nauplios (instar I) fueron sembrados a una densidad de 10/ml en unidades experimentales (tres) de 1.5 l. Del día 2 al 6 del experimento, los animales fueron alimentados con salvado de arroz y del día 7 al final del ensayo (día 15) con la microalga T. suecica. La longitud total promedio de Artemia al final del ensayo fue de 5.34 mm, la producción de biomasa fue de 15.72 g/l (peso húmedo) y una sobrevivencia de 79%. El análisis proximal y la composición bioquímica de la biomasa de Artemia, indicó que el porcentaje de nutrientes son adecuados para ser utilizada como alimento de peces y crustáceos
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed/analysis , Artemia/chemistry , Aquaculture , Biomass , Mexico , Nutritive ValueABSTRACT
A trial was conducted to study the effects of different periods of enrichment with ascorbil pulmitate and starvation in cold condition on ascorbic acid [AA] content in nauplii of Artemia urmiana. Four treatment groups with 4 replicates of freshly hatched nauplii were kept at 28°C in incubators containing enrichment medium for 0, 12, 18 and 24 hrs, respectively. Then all of them starved at 5°C for 0, 12, 18 and 24 hrs. AA content was determined using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrochemical detector. The results showed that nauplii of A urmiana had high levels of AA in their bodies [1534 +/- 166 ug/g DW]. AA content increased following enrichment and reached to their maximum after 18 hrs [3600 +/- 282] and then reduced by 24 hrs of enrichment [2938 +/- 254]. There was a significant difference in AA levels between non-enriched and enriched groups [P<0.05]. Although AA content enhanced in all groups during starvation periods at 5°C, the increases were not significant. However, significant correlations could be observed between duration of starvation and increasing of AA levels in non-enriched, 12 h and 18 h enriched groups. In conclusion, nauplii of A. urmiana had high levels of AA and enrichment with ascorbil plamitate increased their AA content significantly
Subject(s)
Artemia/chemistry , Artemia/analysis , Starvation , Ascorbic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Ascorbic Acid/supply & distribution , PalmitatesABSTRACT
Se termininó la letalidad sobre larvas de A. salina y se analizó la presencia de alcaloides, flavonoides, taninos, nafto y/o antraquinonas, saponinas, esteroides, y/o triterpenoides, lactonas terpénicas, cumarinas y cardiotónicos en 29 especies de Angiospermas. Se discute la relación entre toxicidad sobre A. salina y la presencia de dichos metabolitos