ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou o perfil lipídico e a atividade elétrica dos nervos parassimpático (vago superior) e simpático (localizado na região esplâncnica) de ratos obesos oriundos de ninhada reduzida. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisados dois grupos distintos, com 12 animas cada um: ninhada padrão, padronizado em nove filhotes por ninhada, e ninhada reduzida, três filhotes por ninhada. O consumo de ração e peso corporal foi acompanhado do desmame até o final do protocolo experimental. Aos 90 dias de idade, os animais foram anestesiados com (Thiopental®) e submetidos ao registro da atividade elétrica dos nervos simpático (vago) e parassimpático (da região esplâncnica); em seguida, foram sacrificados e retiradas e pesadas as gorduras retroperitoneal e periepididimal. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para dosagens de glicemia, insulinemia, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e lipoproteína de alta densidade colesterol. RESULTADOS: Os ratos de ninhada reduzida apresentaram aumento da ingestão alimentar, peso corporal e tecido adiposo branco, quadros de hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia e hipercolesterolemia, aumento dos triglicérides e redução do lipoproteína de alta densidade colesterol. CONCLUSÃO: Quanto à atividade do nervo vago, os ratos ninhada reduzida apresentaram um aumento significativo em relação aos ratos ninhada padrão, e mesmo não havendo diferença na atividade simpática, o modelo ninhada reduzida mostrou-se eficaz para indução da obesidade, dislipidemia, hipercolesterolemia, hiperinsulinemia, hiperglicemia e desequilíbrio autonômico em roedores.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the lipid profile and electric activity of the parasympathetic (vagus nerve) and sympathetic (located in the splanchnic region) nerves of obese rats from small litters. METHODS: Two distinct groups were studied, each with 12 animals: normal litter with nine pups per litter and small litter, with three pups per litter. Chow intake and body weight were monitored from weaning until the end of the experimental protocol. At age 90 days, the animals were anesthetized with Thiopental® for investigation of the electric activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. They were then sacrificed for removal and weighing of the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads. Blood samples were collected for determination of blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS: The small litters rats had high food intake, body weight, white fat tissue, blood glucose, blood insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: The vagus nerve of the small litters rats was significantly more active than that of the normal litter rats. Sympathetic activity did not differ between the groups but the small litters model effectively promoted obesity, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and autonomic imbalance in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Glucose , Obesity/chemically induced , Insulin Resistance , Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Childhood and adolescent anxiety is generally associated with a varied somatic symptom pattern thought to reflect autonomic system activity. Few studies have examined the autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder [GAD]. This omission is at odds with contemporary models of autonomic cardiovascular control. The current study aimed to find differences in autonomic functions between children with a diagnosis of childhood anxiety disorder and a control group using a case-control design. A cross sectional experimental study conducted in the years 2004-2005 in the psycho-physiology lab of a tertiary care multi-speciality teaching hospital. Assessments were carried out using a semistructured interview, K-SADS [Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children and Adolescents]; STAIC [State and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children]; CDRS [Childhood Depression Rating Scales]; SCARED [Self-Report for Childhood Anxiety-Related Disorders]. Autonomic reactivity was tested using the standard battery of tests. There were differences between 34 children and adolescents [age range, 8-18 years] with a diagnosis of childhood anxiety disorder and a control group of 30 age- and sex-matched subjects from a nearby school in autonomic activity and reactivity between individuals with anxiety disorder and non-anxious control subjects. Our finding is suggestive of autonomic rigidity or diminished physiologic flexibility in children with anxiety disorder. The study is probably the first of its kind to look into the issue in detail using a detailed battery of the autonomic function tests, and the results are of help in better understanding the condition. The result of the present experiment supports differences in autonomic activity and reactivity between individuals with anxiety disorder and non-anxious control subjects
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism , Muscle Rigidity/etiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, TeachingABSTRACT
Se describe, desde el punto de vista anatómico, el sistema nervioso autónomo y sus componentes principales, el sistema nervioso simpático y parasimpático, y los neurotransmisores correspondientes a cada uno de ellos además de algunos de sus efectos. A posteriori se describen los mecanismos de control de la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca, haciéndose énfasis en sus componentes, el volumen minuto cardíaco y la resistencia periférica. A partir de ello se introduce el concepto de control bajorreflejo, sus componentes y la participación del sistema nervioso autónomo. Se explica su funcionamiento y objetivos. Finalmente, desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico, se describe la participación del sistema nervioso simpático en la hipertensión arterial y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Baroreflex , Hypertension/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Cardiovascular System , Heart DiseasesABSTRACT
La prueba Rines Valcardi se revisa en este artículo. El estímulo Valsalva se debería eliminar. Sería útil un análisis estadístico de sensibilidad y especificidad con cada uno de los estímulos que componen la prueba. La prueba es útil para pacientes que son llevados a anestesia
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular System/metabolism , Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism , Valsalva ManeuverABSTRACT
El amplio rango de actividades biologicas que tienen los NP llevan a pensar sobre su accion sobre ciertos sintomas del asma. Se han enfatizado la potencia espasmogenica, seguida de edema y participacion de los leucocitos. La capacidad de contraer el musculo liso sugiere un papel en la regulacion del tono de las vias aereas y conversion de la respuesta fisiologica en los sintomas del asma clinico. Su propiedad de inducir edema hace pensar en un posible rol en la presencia de hiper-reactividad bronquial.